... by body mass. The top graph represents the Upper Cretaceous DPF, and the bottom graph represents the Upper Jurassic MOR. The general pattern of the MOR dinosaurian assemblage shows few small taxa and many large taxa. This pattern is more regular than in the DPF, where there is a bimodal abundance...

... factors from chemical equilibria lead to an extensive array of applications once the isotope ratio mass spectrometer design of Nier (1947) was available. For example, the temperature dependent isotope separation of isotopically substituted water (oxygen or hydrogen) in evaporation and condensation...

... functional trait in paleobiology (Damuth and MacFadden 1990 ). Many empirical patterns of spatial and temporal distributions of body mass have been identified and debated in various ecological circumstances (e.g., Bergman's rule, Cope's rule). Not surprisingly, body size has been portrayed as one...

... make Archosauria a useful clade with which to study the interplay between body size, shape, and locomotor behavior, and how this interplay may have influenced locomotor evolution. Here, digital volumetric models of 80 taxa are used to explore how mass properties and body proportions relate to each...

... from the original data; therefore, whether such morphospaces accurately reflect body-plan disparity or extrinsic factors, such as body size, remains uncertain. We collated nine character–taxon matrices of dinosaurs together with body-mass estimates for all taxa and tested for relationships between body...

...T. Kurt Kyser; Matthew I. Leybourne; Daniel Layton-Matthews Abstract Among the emerging techniques to detect the real footprint of buried ore deposits is isotope tracing. Novel and automated preparation systems such as continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry, off-axis integrated cavity...

... universa : A source for paleoceanographic information? : Brazilian Journal of Oceanography , v. 67 , p. e19252 . Fisher, C. , 2003 , Planktic foraminiferal porosity: A water mass proxy for latest Cenomanian...

... data set of Croft et al. ( 2018 ), which coded nearly all sparassodonts, most predatory late Neogene didelphoids, and a broad comparative sample of extant carnivorans for 16 characters describing the functional morphology of the dentition and 1 character describing body mass. To this data set, we added...

... measurements of 69 anatomical features of the shells of 108 live tortoises indicate that the regression between straight carapace length and weight is most significant, with a maximum r 2 > 0.99. This regression is useful for tortoises that weigh between 1.8 and 339 kg. This mass estimate, coupled...

..., over a period of 5 My (from MP24 to MP27), only two occurrences (Rigal-Jouet and Saint-Martin de Casselvi, MP25) have been reported. Based on body mass and the general Hyaenodon body plan, we confidently identify H. leptorhynchus as a cursorial hypercarnivorous predator, hunting prey such as small...

... and practicing earthquake engineers could benefit from reexamining the fundamentals of response spectra using the inductive approach. Figure 4. (a) Mass and spring with a single triple axis accelerometer attached near the center of mass, (b) proto-board connected to 4 triple axis accelerometers, and (c...

..., hydration, etc.) and ice loads; (f) concrete aging, alkali–aggregate reaction, and creep; and (g) continuum mass concrete cracking and discrete joint opening/sliding. Even though detailed nonlinear time history analysis provides a realistic picture of the dam response, its implementation remains time...

... is the seismic mass of the structure, and d y and d u are, respectively, the yielding and the ultimate displacement determined from a nonlinear static pushover analysis of the structure (see Lagomarsino et al. 2006 ). Applying a capacity-spectrum based method 1 similar to that adopted by HAZUS...

... accidental torsion. Usually, three sources are cited: (1) uncertainty in determination of center of mass, (2) uncertainty in location of center of rigidity, and (3) the possible influence of torsional ground motion input. Items (1) and (2) are system-dependent and item (3) is site-dependent. An additional...

...Zhengyong Ren; Yiyuan Zhong; Chaojian Chen; Jingtian Tang; Kejia Pan ABSTRACT A new singularity-free analytical formula has been developed for the gravity field of arbitrary 3D polyhedral mass bodies with horizontally and vertically varying density contrast using third-order polynomial functions...

... ontogenetic variation in size and morphology. The body mass range of A . rogeri (1.4–2.5 kg) is comparable to those of notopithecids and some small hegetotheriids. The phylogenetic analysis shows A . rogeri is not directly related to any family within Notoungulata, appearing into a polytomy, as a basal taxon...

...Nicolás E. Campione Abstract Despite more than a century of interest, body-mass estimation in the fossil record remains contentious, particularly when estimating the body mass of taxa outside the size scope of living animals. One estimation approach uses humeral and femoral (stylopodial...

...Fillipe C. L. Siqueira; Vanderlei C. Oliveira Jr.; Valéria C. F. Barbosa ABSTRACT We have developed a new iterative scheme for processing gravity data using a fast equivalent-layer technique. This scheme estimates a 2D mass distribution on a fictitious layer located below the observation surface...

... isotope partitioning at thermodynamic equilibrium. In this case, the isotopic equilibrium constant depends on temperature, and reflects the slight change of free energy between two phases when they contain different isotopes of the same chemical element. The practical foundation of the theory of mass...