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NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Cape Verde Islands (1)
-
Sahara (1)
-
Southern Africa
-
Karoo Basin (1)
-
Namibia (1)
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (1)
-
KwaZulu-Natal South Africa (1)
-
-
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Norwegian Sea (1)
-
-
Arctic region
-
Svalbard
-
Spitsbergen (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Oman (2)
-
Saudi Arabia
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Ghawar Field (1)
-
-
-
Central Asia (1)
-
Far East
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China
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Guizhou China (1)
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Qaidam Basin (1)
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Shandong China
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Dongying Depression (1)
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Yangtze Platform (1)
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Japan (1)
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Philippine Islands
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Luzon
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Mount Pinatubo (1)
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Himalayas (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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India
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Andhra Pradesh India
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Cuddapah India (1)
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Gujarat India (1)
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Himachal Pradesh India
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Spiti (1)
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Jammu and Kashmir
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Jammu (1)
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Pakistan (1)
-
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Lena Basin (1)
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Middle East
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Turkey
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Anatolia (2)
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-
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Siberia (2)
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Siberian Platform (2)
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Tibetan Plateau (1)
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Tomsk Russian Federation (1)
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West Siberia
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Minusinsk Basin (1)
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Siberian Lowland (2)
-
-
Yakutia Russian Federation
-
Anabar River (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Bay of Biscay (1)
-
Faeroe-Shetland Basin (1)
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Gulf of Mexico (1)
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Gulf of Saint Lawrence (2)
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Labrador Sea
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Labrador Shelf (1)
-
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North Sea (1)
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Scotian Shelf (1)
-
-
South Atlantic
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Cape Basin (1)
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Walvis Ridge (1)
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-
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Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Cape Verde Islands (1)
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
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Surat Basin (1)
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Western Australia
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Hamersley Basin (3)
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Pilbara Craton (1)
-
-
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New Zealand
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Taupo volcanic zone (1)
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-
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Baffin Bay (1)
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Black Mesa (1)
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Caledonides (2)
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Canada
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Arctic Archipelago (1)
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Eastern Canada
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Maritime Provinces
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Nova Scotia (1)
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Newfoundland and Labrador
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Newfoundland
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Port au Port Peninsula (1)
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-
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Ontario (1)
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Quebec
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Charlevoix (1)
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Matagami (1)
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Saguenay Valley (1)
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-
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Nunavut
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Somerset Island (1)
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-
Western Canada
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Alberta
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Banff National Park (2)
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Jasper National Park (1)
-
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British Columbia
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Fraser River delta (1)
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Canadian Cordillera (1)
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Canadian Rocky Mountains (2)
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Northwest Territories (3)
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Saskatchewan (2)
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Yukon Territory
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Klondike (2)
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-
-
-
Caribbean region
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West Indies
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Antilles
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Greater Antilles
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Puerto Rico (1)
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Lesser Antilles
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Guadeloupe (1)
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Montserrat Island
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Soufriere Hills (1)
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-
-
-
Bahamas (1)
-
-
-
Central America
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Panama
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Panama Canal Zone (1)
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-
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Columbia River (1)
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
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Russian Federation
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Lena Basin (1)
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Minusinsk Basin (1)
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Polar Urals (1)
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Siberian Platform (2)
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Tomsk Russian Federation (1)
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Uralian Foreland (1)
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Yakutia Russian Federation
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Anabar River (1)
-
-
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Urals
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Polar Urals (1)
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Southern Urals (1)
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Uralian Foreland (1)
-
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West Siberia
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Minusinsk Basin (1)
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Siberian Lowland (2)
-
-
-
Deschutes River (1)
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East Pacific Ocean Islands
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Hawaii
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Hawaii County Hawaii
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Hawaii Island
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Kilauea (1)
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-
-
-
-
Europe
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Alps
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Central Austrian Alps (1)
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Eastern Alps
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Dolomites
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Latemar Massif (1)
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Hohe Tauern (1)
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French Alps (1)
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Baltic region (1)
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Central Europe
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Austria
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Central Austrian Alps (1)
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Hohe Tauern (1)
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Germany
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Eifel (1)
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Rhineland-Palatinate Germany
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Laacher See (1)
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Hungary (1)
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Poland
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Swiety Krzyz Mountains (2)
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Rhenish Schiefergebirge
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Eifel (1)
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Southern Europe
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Iberian Peninsula
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Spain
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Asturias Spain (1)
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Cantabrian Basin (1)
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Catalonia Spain
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Tarragona Spain (1)
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-
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Italy
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Trentino-Alto Adige Italy
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Latemar Massif (1)
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Umbria Italy
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Perugia Italy
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Gubbio Italy (1)
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Veneto Italy (1)
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-
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Tauern Window (1)
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Western Europe
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Ardennes (1)
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France
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Aquitaine (1)
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Central Massif (1)
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Cevennes (1)
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French Alps (1)
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Loire-Atlantique France (1)
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Lozere France (1)
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Paris Basin (1)
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Provence (2)
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Savoie France (1)
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Vocontian Trough (2)
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Ireland (1)
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Scandinavia
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Norway (1)
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Sweden
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Gotland Sweden (1)
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Jamtland Sweden (1)
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United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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England (1)
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Scotland
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Orkney Islands (1)
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-
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False Bay (1)
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Grand Banks (1)
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Green River basin (1)
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Indian Ocean (1)
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Maritimes Basin (1)
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Mediterranean region (1)
-
Mediterranean Sea
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West Mediterranean (1)
-
-
Midland Valley (1)
-
North America
-
Appalachian Basin (4)
-
Appalachians
-
Central Appalachians (1)
-
-
Basin and Range Province (4)
-
Canadian Shield
-
Slave Province (1)
-
Superior Province
-
Abitibi Belt (2)
-
Wabigoon Belt (1)
-
-
-
Great Lakes
-
Lake Ontario (1)
-
-
Great Lakes region (3)
-
North American Cordillera
-
Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (2)
-
Northern Rocky Mountains (1)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Bridger Range (1)
-
-
-
Saint Lawrence Valley (1)
-
Western Interior
-
Western Interior Seaway (2)
-
-
Williston Basin (1)
-
-
North Island (1)
-
Northern Hemisphere (1)
-
Oceania
-
Polynesia
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
-
Kilauea (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Pacific Ocean
-
North Pacific
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Japan Trench (1)
-
-
-
West Pacific
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Japan Trench (1)
-
-
-
-
Russian Platform (1)
-
Sacramento Valley (1)
-
Saint George Island (1)
-
San Salvador (1)
-
South America
-
Andes
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Cotopaxi (1)
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Eastern Cordillera (1)
-
-
Argentina
-
San Juan Argentina (1)
-
-
Bolivia (1)
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Chile
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Atacama Desert (1)
-
-
Ecuador
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Cotopaxi (1)
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Peru (1)
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Venezuela
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Merida Venezuela (1)
-
-
-
United States
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Alaska
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Aleutian Islands (1)
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Prudhoe Bay Field (1)
-
-
Allegheny Front (1)
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Anadarko Basin (1)
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Arizona
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Mohave County Arizona (2)
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Yuma County Arizona (1)
-
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Arkansas (1)
-
Atlantic Coastal Plain
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Central Atlantic Coastal Plain (2)
-
-
California
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Butte County California (1)
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Colusa County California (1)
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Inyo County California (3)
-
Mono County California (2)
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Northern California (2)
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San Bernardino County California (2)
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Shasta County California
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Lassen Peak (1)
-
-
Southern California (1)
-
-
Colorado
-
Bent County Colorado (1)
-
Colorado mineral belt (1)
-
Pueblo County Colorado
-
Pueblo Colorado (1)
-
-
-
Colorado Plateau (1)
-
Delaware Basin (2)
-
Florida
-
Apalachicola River (1)
-
Franklin County Florida
-
Apalachicola Bay (1)
-
Apalachicola Florida (1)
-
Saint Vincent Island (1)
-
-
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
-
Kilauea (1)
-
-
-
-
Iowa
-
Manson impact structure (1)
-
-
Kansas
-
Ness County Kansas (1)
-
-
Kentucky (1)
-
Lake Tahoe (1)
-
Maryland
-
Prince Georges County Maryland (1)
-
-
Michigan
-
Michigan Upper Peninsula
-
Marquette County Michigan (1)
-
-
-
Midwest (1)
-
Mississippi Valley
-
Upper Mississippi Valley (1)
-
-
Mojave Desert (1)
-
Montana
-
Bridger Range (1)
-
Gallatin County Montana (1)
-
Meagher County Montana (1)
-
Park County Montana (1)
-
-
Nevada
-
Elko County Nevada (1)
-
Esmeralda County Nevada (1)
-
Nye County Nevada (1)
-
White Pine County Nevada (1)
-
-
New Mexico
-
Eddy County New Mexico (1)
-
Sandoval County New Mexico (1)
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Valles Caldera (1)
-
-
New York (2)
-
North Carolina
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Dare County North Carolina (1)
-
-
North Dakota (1)
-
Ohio
-
Adams County Ohio (1)
-
Ashtabula County Ohio (1)
-
Brown County Ohio (1)
-
Cuyahoga County Ohio (1)
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Erie County Ohio (1)
-
Huron County Ohio (1)
-
Lake County Ohio (1)
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Lorain County Ohio (1)
-
-
Oklahoma (1)
-
Oregon
-
Lane County Oregon (1)
-
-
Ouachita Mountains (1)
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Pennsylvania (1)
-
Tennessee (1)
-
Texas
-
Culberson County Texas (2)
-
Hudspeth County Texas (1)
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West Texas (2)
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-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Bridger Range (1)
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Utah
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Millard County Utah (1)
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Virginia
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Stafford County Virginia (1)
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Washington
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Stevens County Washington (1)
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-
West Virginia (1)
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Western U.S. (2)
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Wyoming
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Sweetwater County Wyoming (1)
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-
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commodities
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industrial minerals (1)
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limestone deposits (1)
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metal ores
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copper ores (1)
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polymetallic ores (1)
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mineral deposits, genesis (3)
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oil and gas fields (2)
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petroleum
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natural gas (3)
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phosphate deposits (2)
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potash (1)
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elements, isotopes
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (7)
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C-14 (10)
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organic carbon (4)
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halogens (1)
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hydrogen (1)
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isotope ratios (9)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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C-14 (10)
-
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stable isotopes
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C-13/C-12 (7)
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O-18/O-16 (3)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
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metals
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actinides
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uranium (1)
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alkali metals
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potassium (3)
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alkaline earth metals
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magnesium (1)
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
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molybdenum (1)
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platinum group
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iridium (2)
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rhodium (1)
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rare earths (4)
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noble gases
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argon (1)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (3)
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fossils
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burrows (1)
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Agnatha
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Ostracodermi (1)
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Tetrapoda
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Amphibia (1)
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Mammalia
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Theria
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Eutheria
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Rodentia (1)
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Graptolithina (2)
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ichnofossils
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Planolites (1)
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Skolithos (1)
-
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Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
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Crustacea
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Ostracoda (2)
-
-
Insecta
-
Pterygota
-
Neoptera
-
Endopterygota
-
Coleoptera (1)
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-
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-
-
-
Trilobitomorpha
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Trilobita (2)
-
-
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Brachiopoda (3)
-
Cnidaria
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Anthozoa (2)
-
-
Mollusca
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Bivalvia (2)
-
Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea (4)
-
Coleoidea
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Belemnoidea
-
Belemnitidae (2)
-
-
-
-
Gastropoda (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
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Fusulinina
-
Fusulinidae (1)
-
-
Rotaliina
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Buliminacea
-
Uvigerinidae
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Uvigerina (1)
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-
-
Cassidulinacea
-
Anomalinidae
-
Cibicidoides (1)
-
-
-
Globigerinacea
-
Globigerinidae (1)
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Rotalipora (1)
-
-
Nodosariacea
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Nodosariidae
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Lenticulina (1)
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Nodosaria (1)
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-
-
Orbitoidacea
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Amphistegina (1)
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-
-
-
Radiolaria (2)
-
-
-
microfossils
-
Chitinozoa (1)
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Conodonta (4)
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Fusulinina
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Fusulinidae (1)
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-
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palynomorphs
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Chitinozoa (1)
-
Dinoflagellata (1)
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miospores
-
pollen (2)
-
-
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
nannofossils (2)
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-
Pteridophyta
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Lycopsida (1)
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-
-
tracks (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
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Ar/Ar (9)
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fission-track dating (2)
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K/Ar (6)
-
optically stimulated luminescence (1)
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paleomagnetism (13)
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Pb/Pb (2)
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Rb/Sr (1)
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tephrochronology (25)
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thermoluminescence (2)
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U/Pb (11)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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lower Holocene (2)
-
upper Holocene (5)
-
-
Mazama Ash (3)
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Pleistocene
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Bishop Tuff (1)
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Irvingtonian (1)
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Lake Agassiz (1)
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lower Pleistocene (1)
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Matuyama Chron (1)
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middle Pleistocene (3)
-
upper Pleistocene
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Sangamonian (1)
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Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
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Younger Dryas (3)
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-
-
Wisconsinan
-
upper Wisconsinan (1)
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-
-
-
upper Quaternary
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Brunhes Chron (1)
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-
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Siwalik System (1)
-
Stone Age
-
Paleolithic
-
middle Paleolithic (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Arikareean (1)
-
Neogene
-
Deschutes Formation (1)
-
Miocene
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (1)
-
Ellensburg Formation (1)
-
lower Miocene
-
Hemingfordian (1)
-
-
middle Miocene (2)
-
Peach Springs Tuff (2)
-
upper Miocene
-
Messinian (1)
-
-
-
Pliocene
-
Gauss Chron (1)
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lower Pliocene (1)
-
middle Pliocene (1)
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-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
Bridgerian (1)
-
Green River Formation (3)
-
Lake Gosiute (1)
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lower Eocene
-
Aquia Formation (1)
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Wasatchian (1)
-
-
middle Eocene
-
Claiborne Group (1)
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-
upper Eocene
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Priabonian (1)
-
-
Wilkins Peak Member (2)
-
-
lower Paleogene (1)
-
Oligocene (1)
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
-
-
Shahejie Formation (1)
-
-
upper Cenozoic (2)
-
-
Laurentide ice sheet (1)
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Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Blairmore Group (1)
-
Comanchean
-
Edwards Formation (1)
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-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian
-
lower Albian (1)
-
-
Aptian
-
lower Aptian (1)
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Barremian (1)
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Berriasian (1)
-
Cadomin Formation (1)
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Edwards Formation (1)
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Hauterivian (2)
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Neocomian (1)
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Urgonian (1)
-
-
Middle Cretaceous (2)
-
Upper Cretaceous
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Campanian (2)
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Cenomanian (1)
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Forbes Formation (1)
-
Judith River Formation (1)
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K-T boundary (1)
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Maestrichtian (1)
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Pierre Shale (1)
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Senonian (2)
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Turonian (1)
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Two Medicine Formation (1)
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-
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Great Valley Sequence (1)
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Jurassic
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Bazhenov Formation (1)
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Middle Jurassic
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Bathonian (1)
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Callovian (2)
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Upper Jurassic
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Hanifa Formation (1)
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Kimmeridgian (1)
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Oxfordian (1)
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Volgian (2)
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-
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Triassic
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Middle Triassic
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Ladinian (1)
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Lower Cambrian (3)
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Middle Cambrian
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Flathead Sandstone (1)
-
-
Upper Cambrian
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Pilgrim Formation (1)
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-
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Asbian (1)
-
Dinantian (1)
-
-
Mississippian
-
Charles Formation (1)
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean (1)
-
-
Mission Canyon Limestone (1)
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Windsor Group (1)
-
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Morrowan (1)
-
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Desmoinesian
-
Cherokee Group (1)
-
-
Moscovian (1)
-
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Kasimovian (1)
-
-
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Westphalian (1)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Genesee Group (1)
-
Middle Devonian
-
Prairie Evaporite (1)
-
Tully Limestone (1)
-
-
Muth Quartzite (1)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Frasnian (1)
-
Ohio Shale (1)
-
-
-
Lisburne Group (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Black River Group (2)
-
Champlainian (1)
-
Darriwilian (1)
-
Decorah Shale (1)
-
-
Tetagouche Group (1)
-
Trenton Group (2)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Caradocian (2)
-
Sandbian (1)
-
Trentonian (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Castile Formation (1)
-
Ecca Group (1)
-
Guadalupian
-
Brushy Canyon Formation (1)
-
Cherry Canyon Formation (1)
-
-
Khuff Formation (1)
-
Lower Permian
-
Cherry Canyon Formation (1)
-
Cisuralian
-
Artinskian (1)
-
Kungurian (1)
-
-
-
Vryheid Formation (1)
-
-
Rondout Formation (1)
-
Sauk Sequence (1)
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery (2)
-
-
Upper Silurian (2)
-
-
Tippecanoe Sequence (1)
-
upper Paleozoic (2)
-
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Blake River Group (1)
-
Neoarchean (4)
-
-
Fortescue Group (1)
-
Hamersley Group (1)
-
upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
-
Baraga Group (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic (1)
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (1)
-
Ediacaran
-
Wonoka Formation (1)
-
-
Tonian (1)
-
Vendian (1)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic (2)
-
Windermere System (1)
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
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plutonic rocks
-
diabase (1)
-
gabbros
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norite (1)
-
-
granites (2)
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites
-
dunite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite (1)
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (3)
-
basalts
-
flood basalts (1)
-
-
glasses
-
volcanic glass (4)
-
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (3)
-
hyaloclastite (1)
-
ignimbrite (3)
-
pumice (5)
-
scoria (1)
-
tuff (12)
-
welded tuff (2)
-
-
-
-
ophiolite (1)
-
volcanic ash (18)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
K-bentonite (4)
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (1)
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eclogite (1)
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gneisses (1)
-
metaigneous rocks
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metaperidotite (1)
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-
metasedimentary rocks (3)
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quartzites (1)
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schists (3)
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slates (1)
-
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ophiolite (1)
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turbidite (6)
-
-
minerals
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carbonates
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calcite (2)
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dolomite (1)
-
-
K-bentonite (4)
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minerals (1)
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native elements
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graphite (1)
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oxides
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akaganeite (1)
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iron oxides (1)
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phosphates
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apatite (2)
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-
silicates
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chain silicates
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pyroxene group
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clinopyroxene (1)
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orthopyroxene (1)
-
-
-
framework silicates
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feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
sanidine (3)
-
-
plagioclase
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albite (1)
-
-
-
silica minerals
-
quartz (1)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
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nesosilicates
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zircon group
-
zircon (8)
-
-
-
-
sheet silicates
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chlorite group
-
chlorite (2)
-
-
clay minerals
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smectite (4)
-
-
illite (2)
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mica group
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biotite (6)
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glauconite (2)
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muscovite (1)
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paragonite (1)
-
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pyrophyllite (1)
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sericite (1)
-
serpentine group
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serpentine (1)
-
-
-
-
sulfates
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alunite (1)
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anhydrite (2)
-
-
sulfides
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pyrite (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (31)
-
Africa
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Cape Verde Islands (1)
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Sahara (1)
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Southern Africa
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Karoo Basin (1)
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Namibia (1)
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South Africa
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Bushveld Complex (1)
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KwaZulu-Natal South Africa (1)
-
-
-
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Arctic Ocean
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Norwegian Sea (1)
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Arctic region
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Svalbard
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Spitsbergen (1)
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-
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Asia
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Arabian Peninsula
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Oman (2)
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Saudi Arabia
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Ghawar Field (1)
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-
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Central Asia (1)
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Far East
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China
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Guizhou China (1)
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Shandong China
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Dongying Depression (1)
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Yangtze Platform (1)
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Japan (1)
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-
-
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Himalayas (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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India
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Andhra Pradesh India
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Gujarat India (1)
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Spiti (1)
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-
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Jammu and Kashmir
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Jammu (1)
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Lena Basin (1)
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Middle East
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Turkey
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Siberia (2)
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Tomsk Russian Federation (1)
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Yakutia Russian Federation
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Anabar River (1)
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-
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Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
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Bay of Biscay (1)
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Faeroe-Shetland Basin (1)
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Gulf of Mexico (1)
-
Gulf of Saint Lawrence (2)
-
Labrador Sea
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North Sea (1)
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Scotian Shelf (1)
-
-
South Atlantic
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Cape Basin (1)
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Walvis Ridge (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Cape Verde Islands (1)
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
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Surat Basin (1)
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Western Australia
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Hamersley Basin (3)
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Pilbara Craton (1)
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-
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New Zealand
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Taupo volcanic zone (1)
-
-
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biogeography (3)
-
Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Maritime Provinces
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Nova Scotia (1)
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-
Newfoundland and Labrador
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Newfoundland
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Port au Port Peninsula (1)
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-
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Ontario (1)
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Quebec
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Charlevoix (1)
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Matagami (1)
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Saguenay Valley (1)
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-
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Nunavut
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Somerset Island (1)
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-
Western Canada
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Alberta
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Banff National Park (2)
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Jasper National Park (1)
-
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British Columbia
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Fraser River delta (1)
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Canadian Cordillera (1)
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Canadian Rocky Mountains (2)
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Northwest Territories (3)
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Saskatchewan (2)
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Yukon Territory
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Klondike (2)
-
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (7)
-
C-14 (10)
-
organic carbon (4)
-
-
Caribbean region
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West Indies
-
Antilles
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Greater Antilles
-
Puerto Rico (1)
-
-
Lesser Antilles
-
Guadeloupe (1)
-
Montserrat Island
-
Soufriere Hills (1)
-
-
-
-
Bahamas (1)
-
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
lower Holocene (2)
-
upper Holocene (5)
-
-
Mazama Ash (3)
-
Pleistocene
-
Bishop Tuff (1)
-
Irvingtonian (1)
-
Lake Agassiz (1)
-
lower Pleistocene (1)
-
Matuyama Chron (1)
-
middle Pleistocene (3)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Sangamonian (1)
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Younger Dryas (3)
-
-
-
Wisconsinan
-
upper Wisconsinan (1)
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary
-
Brunhes Chron (1)
-
-
-
Siwalik System (1)
-
Stone Age
-
Paleolithic
-
middle Paleolithic (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Arikareean (1)
-
Neogene
-
Deschutes Formation (1)
-
Miocene
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (1)
-
Ellensburg Formation (1)
-
lower Miocene
-
Hemingfordian (1)
-
-
middle Miocene (2)
-
Peach Springs Tuff (2)
-
upper Miocene
-
Messinian (1)
-
-
-
Pliocene
-
Gauss Chron (1)
-
lower Pliocene (1)
-
middle Pliocene (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
Bridgerian (1)
-
Green River Formation (3)
-
Lake Gosiute (1)
-
lower Eocene
-
Aquia Formation (1)
-
Wasatchian (1)
-
-
middle Eocene
-
Claiborne Group (1)
-
-
upper Eocene
-
Priabonian (1)
-
-
Wilkins Peak Member (2)
-
-
lower Paleogene (1)
-
Oligocene (1)
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
-
-
Shahejie Formation (1)
-
-
upper Cenozoic (2)
-
-
Central America
-
Panama
-
Panama Canal Zone (1)
-
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Agnatha
-
Ostracodermi (1)
-
-
Tetrapoda
-
Amphibia (1)
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Rodentia (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
clay mineralogy (4)
-
climate change (5)
-
continental drift (1)
-
continental slope (1)
-
crust (4)
-
data processing (2)
-
Deep Sea Drilling Project
-
IPOD
-
Leg 74
-
DSDP Site 525 (1)
-
-
-
-
deformation (5)
-
diagenesis (9)
-
earthquakes (3)
-
East Pacific Ocean Islands
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
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Hawaii Island
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Kilauea (1)
-
-
-
-
-
economic geology (10)
-
engineering geology (3)
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
Central Austrian Alps (1)
-
Eastern Alps
-
Dolomites
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Latemar Massif (1)
-
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Hohe Tauern (1)
-
-
French Alps (1)
-
-
Baltic region (1)
-
Central Europe
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Austria
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Central Austrian Alps (1)
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Hohe Tauern (1)
-
-
Germany
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Eifel (1)
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Rhineland-Palatinate Germany
-
Laacher See (1)
-
-
-
Hungary (1)
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Poland
-
Swiety Krzyz Mountains (2)
-
-
-
Rhenish Schiefergebirge
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Eifel (1)
-
-
Southern Europe
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Iberian Peninsula
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Spain
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Asturias Spain (1)
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Cantabrian Basin (1)
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Catalonia Spain
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Tarragona Spain (1)
-
-
-
-
Italy
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Trentino-Alto Adige Italy
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Latemar Massif (1)
-
-
Umbria Italy
-
Perugia Italy
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Gubbio Italy (1)
-
-
-
Veneto Italy (1)
-
-
-
Tauern Window (1)
-
Western Europe
-
Ardennes (1)
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France
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Aquitaine (1)
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Central Massif (1)
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Cevennes (1)
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French Alps (1)
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Loire-Atlantique France (1)
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Lozere France (1)
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Paris Basin (1)
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Provence (2)
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Savoie France (1)
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Vocontian Trough (2)
-
-
Ireland (1)
-
Scandinavia
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Norway (1)
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Sweden
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Gotland Sweden (1)
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Jamtland Sweden (1)
-
-
-
United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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England (1)
-
Scotland
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Orkney Islands (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
faults (13)
-
geochemistry (17)
-
geochronology (21)
-
geomorphology (4)
-
geophysical methods (12)
-
glacial geology (6)
-
Graptolithina (2)
-
hydrogen (1)
-
hydrology (1)
-
ichnofossils
-
Planolites (1)
-
Skolithos (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase (1)
-
gabbros
-
norite (1)
-
-
granites (2)
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites
-
dunite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite (1)
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (3)
-
basalts
-
flood basalts (1)
-
-
glasses
-
volcanic glass (4)
-
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (3)
-
hyaloclastite (1)
-
ignimbrite (3)
-
pumice (5)
-
scoria (1)
-
tuff (12)
-
welded tuff (2)
-
-
-
-
Indian Ocean (1)
-
industrial minerals (1)
-
intrusions (3)
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Ostracoda (2)
-
-
Insecta
-
Pterygota
-
Neoptera
-
Endopterygota
-
Coleoptera (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Trilobitomorpha
-
Trilobita (2)
-
-
-
Brachiopoda (3)
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa (2)
-
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia (2)
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea (4)
-
Coleoidea
-
Belemnoidea
-
Belemnitidae (2)
-
-
-
-
Gastropoda (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Fusulinina
-
Fusulinidae (1)
-
-
Rotaliina
-
Buliminacea
-
Uvigerinidae
-
Uvigerina (1)
-
-
-
Cassidulinacea
-
Anomalinidae
-
Cibicidoides (1)
-
-
-
Globigerinacea
-
Globigerinidae (1)
-
Rotalipora (1)
-
-
Nodosariacea
-
Nodosariidae
-
Lenticulina (1)
-
Nodosaria (1)
-
-
-
Orbitoidacea
-
Amphistegina (1)
-
-
-
-
Radiolaria (2)
-
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
C-14 (10)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (7)
-
O-18/O-16 (3)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
lava (2)
-
limestone deposits (1)
-
magmas (3)
-
maps (2)
-
Mediterranean region (1)
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
West Mediterranean (1)
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Blairmore Group (1)
-
Comanchean
-
Edwards Formation (1)
-
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian
-
lower Albian (1)
-
-
Aptian
-
lower Aptian (1)
-
-
Barremian (1)
-
Berriasian (1)
-
Cadomin Formation (1)
-
Edwards Formation (1)
-
Hauterivian (2)
-
Neocomian (1)
-
Urgonian (1)
-
-
Middle Cretaceous (2)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Campanian (2)
-
Cenomanian (1)
-
Forbes Formation (1)
-
Judith River Formation (1)
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
Maestrichtian (1)
-
Pierre Shale (1)
-
Senonian (2)
-
Turonian (1)
-
Two Medicine Formation (1)
-
-
-
Great Valley Sequence (1)
-
Jurassic
-
Bazhenov Formation (1)
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Bathonian (1)
-
Callovian (2)
-
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Hanifa Formation (1)
-
Kimmeridgian (1)
-
Oxfordian (1)
-
Volgian (2)
-
-
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic (1)
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (1)
-
Ladinian (1)
-
-
-
-
metal ores
-
copper ores (1)
-
polymetallic ores (1)
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
uranium (1)
-
-
alkali metals
-
potassium (3)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
magnesium (1)
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
molybdenum (1)
-
platinum group
-
iridium (2)
-
rhodium (1)
-
-
rare earths (4)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (1)
-
eclogite (1)
-
gneisses (1)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metaperidotite (1)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks (3)
-
quartzites (1)
-
schists (3)
-
slates (1)
-
-
metamorphism (5)
-
metasomatism (5)
-
mineral deposits, genesis (3)
-
minerals (1)
-
Mohorovicic discontinuity (1)
-
noble gases
-
argon (1)
-
-
North America
-
Appalachian Basin (4)
-
Appalachians
-
Central Appalachians (1)
-
-
Basin and Range Province (4)
-
Canadian Shield
-
Slave Province (1)
-
Superior Province
-
Abitibi Belt (2)
-
Wabigoon Belt (1)
-
-
-
Great Lakes
-
Lake Ontario (1)
-
-
Great Lakes region (3)
-
North American Cordillera
-
Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (2)
-
Northern Rocky Mountains (1)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Bridger Range (1)
-
-
-
Saint Lawrence Valley (1)
-
Western Interior
-
Western Interior Seaway (2)
-
-
Williston Basin (1)
-
-
Northern Hemisphere (1)
-
nuclear facilities (1)
-
Ocean Drilling Program
-
Leg 151
-
ODP Site 913 (1)
-
-
-
ocean floors (2)
-
Oceania
-
Polynesia
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
-
Kilauea (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
oceanography (1)
-
oil and gas fields (2)
-
orogeny (3)
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (3)
-
-
Pacific Ocean
-
North Pacific
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Japan Trench (1)
-
-
-
West Pacific
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Japan Trench (1)
-
-
-
-
paleoclimatology (14)
-
paleoecology (8)
-
paleogeography (20)
-
paleomagnetism (13)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Lower Cambrian (3)
-
Middle Cambrian
-
Flathead Sandstone (1)
-
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Pilgrim Formation (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Asbian (1)
-
Dinantian (1)
-
-
Mississippian
-
Charles Formation (1)
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean (1)
-
-
Mission Canyon Limestone (1)
-
Windsor Group (1)
-
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Morrowan (1)
-
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Desmoinesian
-
Cherokee Group (1)
-
-
Moscovian (1)
-
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Kasimovian (1)
-
-
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Westphalian (1)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Genesee Group (1)
-
Middle Devonian
-
Prairie Evaporite (1)
-
Tully Limestone (1)
-
-
Muth Quartzite (1)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Frasnian (1)
-
Ohio Shale (1)
-
-
-
Lisburne Group (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Black River Group (2)
-
Champlainian (1)
-
Darriwilian (1)
-
Decorah Shale (1)
-
-
Tetagouche Group (1)
-
Trenton Group (2)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Caradocian (2)
-
Sandbian (1)
-
Trentonian (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Castile Formation (1)
-
Ecca Group (1)
-
Guadalupian
-
Brushy Canyon Formation (1)
-
Cherry Canyon Formation (1)
-
-
Khuff Formation (1)
-
Lower Permian
-
Cherry Canyon Formation (1)
-
Cisuralian
-
Artinskian (1)
-
Kungurian (1)
-
-
-
Vryheid Formation (1)
-
-
Rondout Formation (1)
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
marker beds
Anchoring the Swedish Time Scale to the radiocarbon time scale—An absolute age for De Geer’s zero varve Open Access
Quantitative sequence stratigraphy applied to the Barremian–lower Aptian Urgonian carbonates deposited in Provence (southeastern France) Open Access
Change in dominant orbital cycles led to warm excursions during the middle–late Eocene cooling Available to Purchase
Neogene to modern foreland basin development in the Sub-Andean zone of southern Bolivia and northern Argentina, 21–23°S Available to Purchase
Frequency-dependent Amplitude Versus Offset analysis of a Cenozoic mass-transport deposit on the Namibian slope Available to Purchase
Abstract A partially tuned, ‘soft’ seismic reflection, overlying a regional limestone marker on the west African slope, is shown to represent a sequence, up to 30 m thick, within which various individual stratigraphic units are identified, some of which display characteristics of a mass-transport deposit (MTD). The seismic reflection is described in terms of its two-way time structure, reflection amplitude pattern, complex seismic attributes and AVO response. Frequency-dependent aspects of the AVO response, resulting from velocity attenuation and dispersion of seismic signals, are shown to indicate variations in pore-fluid gas concentration. These are exploited to assess lithological, petrophysical and pore-fluid characteristics of the various sub-units within the sequence. A relative acoustic impedance inversion of the seismic data is combined with a low-frequency model, constructed from acoustic velocity data, to approximate absolute acoustic impedance characteristics of the sequence and to model behaviour of the various sub-units across the area. These pseudo-absolute impedance data are combined with evidence from AVO analysis, to construct a 2D model of the MTD unit and to generate a synthetic seismic record, which confirms the interpretation of stratigraphic, petrophysical and lithological properties of the MTD complex.
Geochemical Facets of the Inikan Formation as Indicators of Stratification and Hydrochemistry of the Cambrian Paleobasin Available to Purchase
A far-traveled basalt lava flow in north-central Oregon, USA Open Access
Biostratigraphy, Lithology and Geochemistry of the Lower and Middle Cambrian Rocks in the Kyulenke River Basin: First Results of Borehole Core Study Available to Purchase
High-resolution X-ray fluorescence-based provenance mapping of Eocene fluvial distributary fans that fed ancient Gosiute Lake, Wyoming, USA Available to Purchase
Linking source and sink: The timing of deposition of Paleogene syntectonic strata in Central Asia Open Access
Tephra layers in the marine environment: a review of properties and emplacement processes Open Access
Abstract This review focuses on the recognition of volcanic ash occurrences in marine sediment cores and on using their appearance and properties to deduce their origin. Widespread marine tephra layers are important marker horizons for both volcanological as well as general geological investigations. We describe ash detection by visual inspection and logging of sediment cores. Ash layer structure and texture, particle morphologies and lithological compositions of primary volcanic deposits are summarized and processes modifying them are discussed, both natural processes acting on and in the seafloor, i.e. erosion and bioturbation, and anthropogenic modifications during drilling/coring and core preparation. We discuss primary emplacement processes of marine fall and flow tephra deposits derived from either subaerial or submarine sources in order to identify distinguishing properties. We also elaborate on processes generating secondary, resedimented volcaniclastic layers such as submarine landslides and shelf erosion as well as fluvial input and ice-rafting, and how they can be distinguished from primary volcaniclastic deposits, which is essential in tephrostratigraphy. Finally, methods of tephra correlation between cores and on-land deposits/volcanoes are illustrated because they allow us to extend the 1D information from single cores to 3D distribution and facies changes of tephras and to bridge the land–sea gap.
Astronomical and tectonic influences on climate and deposition revealed through radioisotopic geochronology and Bayesian age-depth modeling of the early Eocene Green River Formation, Wyoming, USA Open Access
Petrography and Lithogeochemistry of the Uppermost Middle Jurassic–Lowermost Lower Cretaceous Strata in the Lower Reaches of the Anabar River (East Siberia, Arctic) Open Access
Chapter 17 Examples of correlating, integrating and applying stratigraphy and stratigraphical methods Available to Purchase
Revised tectono-stratigraphic scheme for the Scandinavian Caledonides and its implications for our understanding of the Scandian orogeny Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT The Scandinavian Caledonides formed during the continental collision between Baltica and Laurentia. During the collision, a complex nappe stack was thrust over the Baltican continental margin. The orogen can be subdivided into segments based on architectural differences within the Scandian nappes. The southern and central segments of the orogen link up in the Gudbrandsdalen area in south-central Norway. Alpine-type metaperidotite-bearing metasedimentary complexes occur in the southern and central segments and can be traced continuously along the strike of the orogen from one into the other segment. Traditionally, these units have been assigned to different tectono-stratigraphic levels, one below the Middle Allochthon and one above the Middle Allochthon. Here, we trace the Alpine-type metaperidotite-bearing units from Bergen to Esandsjøen and show that these units exhibit a common geologic and metamorphic history, consistent with the metaperidotite-bearing units representing a single tectonic unit. We suggest that the metaperidotite-bearing units can be used as a “marker level” to revise the tectono-stratigraphy of the Gudbrandsdalen and adjacent areas. The tectono-stratigraphic revisions imply that the Scandian nappe stack consists of seven tectono-stratigraphic levels that can be traced throughout the southern and central segments of the Scandinavian Caledonides. Moreover, the revision of the tectono-stratigraphy and new U-Pb geochronology data also suggest a revision of the timing of the succession of tectonic events leading up to the Scandian continental collision. The available evidence indicates that Baltica-derived tectonic units collided with the Iapetan/Laurentian subduction complexes as early as ca. 450 Ma. The initial collision was followed by in-sequence nappe formation of Baltican-derived units, which occurred contemporaneously with the opening of a marginal basin in the upper plate. After the arrival of thick, buoyant, unthinned Baltican crust at the trench, the main zone of convergence stepped outboard, the marginal basins closed, and those basins were thrust out-of-sequence over the previously assembled nappe stack.
Assessing controls on organic matter enrichments in hemipelagic marls of the Aptian-Lower Albian Blue Marls of the Vocontian Basin (France): an unexpected variability observed from multiple “organic-rich” levels Open Access
A new glacial varve chronology along the southern Laurentide Ice Sheet that spans the Younger Dryas–Holocene boundary Available to Purchase
Expanding the toolbox for dating basaltic lava sequences: 40 Ar– 39 Ar dating of silicic volcanic glass from interbeds Available to Purchase
Ammonoids from the Tully Formation and Harrell Shale in Pennsylvania: Markers of sea-level highstands in the Middle to Late Devonian transition, Appalachian foreland basin, eastern North America Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT Zone-diagnostic Middle to Upper Devonian ammonoids and conodonts occur in a sequence of thin carbonate beds in siliciclastic sections along the Allegheny front and northern fold belt of central Pennsylvania. The lowest, in the upper Tully Formation, and the succeeding four in the Harrell Shale, are southward continuations of marker beds long known in the Tully Limestone and overlying basin, slope, and shelf facies of the Genesee Group of New York State. These pelagic beds are Appalachian Basin signals of transgressive condensed intervals within global high-sea-level episodes and are associated with a worldwide biotic overturn in the tropical marine realm. The Upper Givetian Tully Pharciceras amplexum bed has close lithic and faunal equivalents in the Taghanic biocrisis interval in Morocco and southern Europe. The Lower Frasnian styliolinid upper Genundewa Limestone, with the entry of Manticoceras , and, in the succeeding dark West River Shale, the Bluff Point Bed, with the entry of late Koenenites and early palmatolepid conodonts, are Appalachian highstand signals of the worldwide Timan bioevent transgression recognized in Western Australia, the Russian Platform, southern Europe, Morocco, western Canada, and now Pennsylvania. The widespread occurrences of discrete ammonoid beds, even in the more proximal or shoreward sedimentary settings of the Catskill Delta, reinforce the view that they accumulated under conditions of sequestered sediment supply when transgressions flooded the newly vegetated and deep-root-forested delta flats. As such, they overprinted or interrupted the westward progradation of siliciclastic sediments generated by mountain-building tectophases of the Acadian orogeny. The Lower Frasnian ammonoid Epitornoceras dennisoni n. sp., described herein, from the Crosby Beds in the Harrell Shale at Milesburg, Pennsylvania, is named in honor of John Dennison.