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GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Central Africa
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Angola (1)
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North Africa
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Egypt
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Kharga Oasis (1)
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Far East
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China
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Indonesia
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Japan
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Atlantic Ocean
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ichnofossils
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Invertebrata
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Porifera
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Protista
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Ophthalmidium (1)
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Rotaliina
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Uvigerinidae
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Uvigerina (1)
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Cassidulinacea
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Elphidium (9)
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Textulariina
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Orbitolinidae
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Trochammina (24)
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Radiolaria (1)
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Tintinnidae
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geochronology methods
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geologic age
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Mancos Shale (1)
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Blackhawk Formation (1)
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lower Campanian (1)
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Carlile Shale (1)
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Cenomanian (3)
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Duwi Formation (1)
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middle Turonian (1)
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Jurassic
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middle Liassic (1)
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upper Liassic (1)
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Triassic
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Paleozoic
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Upper Carboniferous
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Permian
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igneous rocks
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agglutinates (1)
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volcanic rocks
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zircon group
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Primary terms
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absolute age (2)
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Africa
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Central Africa
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Angola (1)
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North Africa
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Egypt
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Kharga Oasis (1)
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Arctic Ocean
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Beaufort Sea (2)
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Asia
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Arabian Peninsula
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Bahrain (1)
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Kuwait (2)
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Oman (3)
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Qatar (2)
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Saudi Arabia (1)
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Far East
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China
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Indonesia
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Celebes (1)
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Japan
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Hokkaido (1)
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Malaysia (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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India
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Pakistan (1)
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Middle East
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Iran (1)
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Iraq (1)
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Turkey
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Tibetan Plateau (1)
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Atlantic Ocean
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Mid-Atlantic Ridge (1)
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North Atlantic
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Gulf of Guinea (1)
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South Atlantic
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Australasia
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biogeography (15)
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Western Canada
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carbon
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Caribbean region
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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upper Holocene (2)
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Pleistocene
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lower Pleistocene
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Calabrian (1)
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upper Pleistocene (1)
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Miocene (2)
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Paleogene
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Eocene
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lower Eocene
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Ypresian (1)
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-
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Oligocene (2)
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Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
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Danian (1)
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-
upper Paleocene
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Thanetian (1)
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-
-
-
-
-
Central America (1)
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Tetrapoda
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Mammalia
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Theria
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Eutheria
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Artiodactyla (1)
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Cetacea (1)
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climate change (2)
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crystal chemistry (1)
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Europe
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Alps
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Central Europe
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Germany
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Thuringia Germany (1)
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Poland
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Jutland (1)
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Southern Europe
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Croatia (1)
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Greece
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Hellenides (1)
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Pindus Mountains (1)
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Iberian Peninsula
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Spain
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Valencia region
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Alicante Spain (1)
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Valencia Spain (1)
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-
-
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Italy
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Apennines (2)
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Basilicata Italy
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Matera Italy (1)
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Sardinia Italy (1)
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Trentino-Alto Adige Italy
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Western Europe
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Cork Ireland (1)
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Scandinavia
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-
igneous rocks
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volcanic rocks
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mid-ocean ridge basalts (1)
-
-
-
-
Indian Ocean
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Arabian Sea
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Gulf of Cambay (1)
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Persian Gulf (2)
-
-
-
Invertebrata
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Mollusca
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Bivalvia
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Heterodonta
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Hippuritacea
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Radiolitidae (1)
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Rudistae (2)
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-
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Cephalopoda
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Ammonites (1)
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Gastropoda (1)
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Porifera
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Demospongea (1)
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Protista
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Foraminifera
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Allogromiina (1)
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Fusulinina
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Endothyra (1)
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Miliolina
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Alveolina (1)
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Ophthalmidium (1)
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Quinqueloculina (7)
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Rotaliina
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Buliminacea
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Uvigerinidae
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Cassidulinacea
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Ammonia
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Ammonia beccarii (1)
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Elphidium (9)
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Nummulitidae
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Textulariina
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Ammodiscacea (2)
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Lituolacea
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Ammobaculites (15)
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Ataxophragmiidae (4)
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Lituolidae
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Haplophragmoides (10)
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Orbitolinidae
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Orbitolina (13)
-
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Trochammina (24)
-
-
-
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Radiolaria (1)
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Tintinnidae
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Calpionellidae (1)
-
-
-
-
isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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C-14 (1)
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-
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maps (1)
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Mediterranean region (2)
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Mediterranean Sea
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East Mediterranean
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Adriatic Sea (1)
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-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
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Albian
-
upper Albian (2)
-
-
Aptian
-
lower Aptian (2)
-
Shuaiba Formation (2)
-
-
Barremian (2)
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Neocomian (1)
-
Valanginian (1)
-
-
Mancos Shale (1)
-
Middle Cretaceous (3)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Blackhawk Formation (1)
-
Campanian
-
lower Campanian (1)
-
-
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
Lituolacea
A note on some Eocene benthic foraminifers of West and Central Iran, with remarks on palaeontology and biostratigraphy: Reply to Hadi and Schlagintweit comment (2024) Open Access
Geological map of the San Giuliano Lake (Southern Italy): new stratigraphic and sedimentological data Available to Purchase
Evolution of Trochamminoids (Trochospiral Organic-Cemented Agglutinated Foraminifera): Examples from the Lower Permian of Western Australia Open Access
Are They Everywhere? – Benthic Foraminifera From Saline Springs in Central Germany Open Access
Seasonal Distribution of Benthic Foraminifera Associated with the Marine Sponge Liosina Paradoxa Thiele, 1899 at Sandspit Backwaters, Karachi, Pakistan Available to Purchase
Taanella Yukonensis n. gen. n. sp., a Uniquely Perforate Agglutinated Foraminifer from the Upper Triassic of Panthalassa (Lime Peak, Yukon, Canada) Available to Purchase
Factors Controlling the Distribution of Agglutinated Foraminiferal Morphogroups as Palaeoenvironmental Tracers in the Kharga Oasis, Egypt Available to Purchase
A Re-evaluation of the Foraminiferal Genus Trochamminita (Cushman and Brönnimann, 1948) in New Zealand and a Description of Pseudotrochamminita Malcolmi (New Genus, New Species) Available to Purchase
On Replicates for Comparing Species Densities in Space and Time Available to Purchase
Distribution of Foraminifera off the Terengganu River Mouth, East Coast Peninsular Malaysia Available to Purchase
A Ship's Ballasting History As an Indicator of Foraminiferal Invasion Potential – an Example from Prince William Sound, Alaska, Usa Available to Purchase
Mesocosm and Microcosm Experiments On the Feeding of Temperate Salt Marsh Foraminifera Available to Purchase
New Findings On an Orbitolinid Foraminifer Coskinolinella Bariensis (luperto-sinni & Reina, 1992) from the Albian Shallow-water Carbonate Sequence of the Bey Dağlari (s Turkey) Available to Purchase
Characterization of Porosity Within a Microporous Reservoir, Shuaiba Formation of Oman Available to Purchase
Although carbonate reservoirs often have high total pore volumes, permeability often does not show a strong correlation to total porosity. Carbonate pore networks are also widely recognized as being highly heterogeneous, with marked variability in pore size (from submicron to millimeter scale and above) within an individual core plug. It is perhaps for this reason that there has been relatively little quantification of carbonate pore size and shape, despite significant advances in our ability to image naturally porous media using electron microscopy and advanced X-ray imaging. This study focuses on four samples of limestone from the uppermost Shuaiba Formation in northern Oman. These samples were selected for X-ray computerized tomography (CT) and environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) imaging and quantitative analysis following a detailed reservoir quality evaluation of the study interval across seven fields. This interval has been well studied sedimentologically, but the processes and timing of diagenetic modification, and the nature of the resultant pore network are less well understood. The samples represent a range of lithofacies associations that occur immediately beneath the Shuaiba–Nahr Umr unconformity, within an interval that is recognized for possessing higher permeability than the underlying reservoir. The samples were imaged at multiple scales, and their pore network was analyzed. Within the sample set, over 70% of the total pore volume was <1 μm in diameter. The three-dimensional (3D) equivalent pore radii within individual samples ranged from <0.1 μm to >100 μm, with the size of the X-ray imaged samples being limited to 1 mm 3 . The average aspect ratios of all pores was <2, and it was highest in micropores (<1 μm pore radii). Mean coordination number was <3 in all samples, and it was highest within micropores. Since most pore throat radii are <1 μm, this most likely reflects the higher resolution needed to image micropores. Multivariant analysis shows that permeability prediction is improved when pore topological parameters are known. The highest measured permeability within the data set occurred in the sample with the highest volume of resolved porosity, highest aspect ratio, and highest coordination number. However, average permeability overall was highest in those facies associations with abundant macropores, where the representative elemental volume is greater than the sample size required for X-ray CT analysis and even routine core analysis. In these samples, high permeability is facilitated by the connectivity of a low volume of large (>>30 μm) pores embedded within a network of micropores. In these samples, sweep efficiency during hydrocarbon production is likely to be poor. The results of this study provide one of the first detailed data sets of 3D pore shape and size within this volumetrically important reservoir and insight into pore connectivity within microporous reservoirs on the Arabian Plate. The results provide good evidence that the >1 μm fraction of these rocks contributes to single-phase flow, but they demonstrate the complexity of pore shape even at the micron scale.