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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Zimbabwe (1)
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Zimbabwe Craton (1)
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Mesozoic
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sulfides
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pyrite (1)
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Primary terms
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absolute age (5)
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Africa
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Asia
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Far East
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China
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asteroids (1)
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Australasia
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New Zealand
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Canada
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carbon
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organic carbon (2)
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary (1)
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Paleogene
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Oligocene (3)
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igneous rocks
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gabbros (1)
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pegmatite (1)
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quartz monzonite (1)
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syenites
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albitite (1)
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porphyry (1)
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volcanic rocks
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andesites (1)
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pyroclastics
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rhyolites (1)
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inclusions
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fluid inclusions (21)
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intrusions (7)
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isotopes
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
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stable isotopes
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (6)
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D/H (5)
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O-18/O-16 (10)
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S-34/S-32 (6)
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lineation (2)
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magmas (3)
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Malay Archipelago
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Brunei (1)
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mantle (3)
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Mediterranean Sea
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East Mediterranean
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Ionian Sea
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Gulf of Corinth (1)
-
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (2)
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Aptian (1)
-
Hauterivian (1)
-
-
Mancos Shale (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Cenomanian (1)
-
Gulfian
-
Eagle Ford Formation (1)
-
-
Turonian (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Carmel Formation (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Bossier Formation (1)
-
Entrada Sandstone (1)
-
Kimmeridgian (1)
-
-
-
Maiolica Limestone (1)
-
Triassic
-
Upper Triassic
-
Xujiahe Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
metal ores
-
base metals (2)
-
copper ores (9)
-
gold ores (9)
-
lead-zinc deposits (1)
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molybdenum ores (2)
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nickel ores (1)
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silver ores (2)
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uranium ores (1)
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zinc ores (1)
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metals
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alkaline earth metals
-
beryllium (1)
-
-
aluminum (1)
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copper (1)
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lead (1)
-
platinum group
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platinum ores (1)
-
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precious metals (2)
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rare earths (1)
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zinc (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
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cataclasites (1)
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metasomatic rocks
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skarn (2)
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migmatites (1)
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mylonites (1)
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slates (1)
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metamorphism (14)
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metasomatism (12)
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Mexico
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Chihuahua Mexico (1)
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mineral deposits, genesis (13)
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mineral resources (1)
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Moon (1)
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noble gases
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
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North America
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Appalachians
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Piedmont (1)
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Southern Appalachians (1)
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-
Basin and Range Province
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Great Basin (1)
-
-
Canadian Shield
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Superior Province
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Abitibi Belt (2)
-
-
-
Rocky Mountains
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Southern Rocky Mountains (1)
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Williston Basin (1)
-
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Ocean Drilling Program
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Leg 146
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ODP Site 891 (1)
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Leg 156
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ODP Site 949 (1)
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ocean floors (1)
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oil and gas fields (3)
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orogeny (5)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (10)
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Pacific Ocean
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East Pacific
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Northeast Pacific (1)
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North Pacific
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Northeast Pacific (1)
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Northwest Pacific
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South China Sea
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Yinggehai Basin (1)
-
-
-
-
West Pacific
-
Northwest Pacific
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South China Sea
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Yinggehai Basin (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian (2)
-
Carboniferous
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Mississippian
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Lodgepole Formation (1)
-
-
Madison Group (1)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Middle Devonian
-
Winnipegosis Formation (1)
-
-
-
Ordovician
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Yeoman Formation (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Rustler Formation (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Salado Formation (1)
-
-
-
Silurian
-
Middle Silurian
-
Roberts Mountains Formation (1)
-
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-
upper Paleozoic
-
Bakken Formation (1)
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paragenesis (12)
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permafrost (1)
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petroleum
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natural gas (3)
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phase equilibria (1)
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plate tectonics (3)
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pollution (1)
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Precambrian
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Levack Gneiss (1)
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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lithostatic pressure
What controlled the thickness of continental crust in the Archean?
Experimental determination of porosity and methane sorption capacity of organic-rich shales as a function of effective stress: Implications for gas storage capacity
Fluid–rock interactions along detachment faults during continental rifting and mantle exhumation: the case of the Urdach lherzolite body (North Pyrenees)
Re-evaluation of the porosity measurements under different confining pressures: A better appraisal of reservoir porosity
ABSTRACT We describe and interpret a system of well-preserved normal and reverse faults in the Kayo Formation of the Miocene Shimanto belt, an exhumed accretionary complex exposed on Okinawa Island. The normal and reverse fault systems both strike NE-SW, suggesting systematic horizontal stress variations between compression and extension. Temperature and pressure conditions for the normal and reverse fault systems were estimated from the densities of water in fluid inclusions in the veins along the faults, and previously reported maximum paleotemperature based on values of vitrinite reflectance and illite crystallinity. The fluid inclusion analyses yielded similar estimates for water density in both normal and reverse fault systems. The minimum geothermal gradient was constrained to a narrow range of 40–50 °C/km. These results suggest that the normal and reverse fault systems developed at a similar depth within the seismogenic zone. This can be interpreted as a change between horizontal compression and horizontal extension occurring at a maximum depth of 3.8–7.5 km below the seafloor, assuming lithostatic fluid pressure. This 90° rotation of the principal stress could be controlled by the seismic cycle, as exemplified by the rotation of stresses that occurred after the Tohoku-Oki earthquake.
Quartz Solubility in the H 2 O-NaCl System: A Framework for Understanding Vein Formation in Porphyry Copper Deposits
2D-thermo-mechanical modelling of spatial P-T variations in heterogeneous shear zones
Coupling of fluid flow to permeability development in mid- to upper crustal environments: a tale of three pressures
Abstract Orogenic gold systems are open, flow-controlled thermodynamic systems and generally occur in mid- to upper crustal environments where there is strong coupling between fluid flow and dilatant plastic deformation. This paper considers the principles involved in such coupling, with an emphasis on the elastic and plastic volume changes and their influence on the fluid, mechanical and thermodynamic pressures. Some misconceptions regarding the magnitudes of these three distinctly different pressures and their influences on fluid flow and chemical equilibrium are addressed, with examples at both the tens of metres scale and the crustal scale. We show that the mean stress is less than twice the lithostatic stress for Mohr–Coulomb materials with cohesion and the thermodynamic pressure only has meaning under isentropic conditions and hence is less than many previously published estimates based on high mean stresses. At the crustal scale, we also include the role of critical behaviour in influencing the geometry and magnitudes of fluid pressure gradients and fluid flow velocities in open, flow-controlled systems.
Distributed north-vergent shear and flattening through Greater and Tethyan Himalayan rocks: Insights from metamorphic and strain data from the Dang Chu region, central Bhutan
Influence of Lithostatic Stress on Earthquake Stress Drops in North America
Stable Isotope and Fluid Inclusion Constraints on the Source and Evolution of Ore Fluids in the Hongniu-Hongshan Cu Skarn Deposit, Yunnan Province, China
Early Cretaceous tectonic event in the Adria: Insight from Umbria-Marche pelagic basin (Italy)
Soft-sediment deformation structures crop out in the Lower Cretaceous succession of the Gubbio anticline in the Umbria-Marche Apennines of Italy. The deformation interval is ~13 m thick and occurs between the upper Hauterivian–lower Aptian Maiolica Formation and the Aptian Marne a Fucoidi Formation. It can be observed along the anticline for a distance of 12 km. Different types of deformation structures are distributed in several outcrops, with detachment extensional structures prevailing in the southeast sector. Imbricated slides, slump structures, and chaotic layers are distributed vertically and longitudinally in the middle and/or lower part of the deformed sediments. In the northwest sector of the anticline, compressional duplex structures can be considered the lower section of a large sediment failure. Geometrical and kinematic analysis of the fold axis trends and sliding surfaces have led to infer a single, large gravitational event possibly Albian in age. The synsedimentary deformation could be activated by several internal trigger mechanisms induced by external regional tectonic events such as earthquakes. An orthogonal system of calcite veins crossing the limestone layers represents the primary pathway for fluid-driven breaching of joint seals. These fluids can be related to the significant increase in the total organic carbon in the Hauterivian–Aptian layer of the Maiolica and Marne a Fucoidi Formations. This suggests the possibility that the limestone layer, sandwiched and sealed between clay of the organic-rich black shales, could have favored a pore pressure increase approaching lithostatic stress. With a thin overburden, lithostatic stress is more easily reached at low hydrostatic pressure. This slump sheet occurrence suggests the existence of a local paleoslope dipping toward the north-northwest, where the mass involved in the deformation is distributed over an estimated area of 60 km 2 for a volume of 0.8 km 3 of displaced sediments. The restoration and rotation of the slump fold hinges to the Early Cretaceous direction, in line with available paleomagnetic data, have shown that the strike of the slope corresponds to the main trend of the oldest Jurassic extensional lineaments and is linked to transform faults of the westernmost Tethys rifting systems.