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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Afar (1)
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Th/U (1)
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thermochronology (2)
-
U/Pb (8)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Osaka Group (1)
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
upper Holocene (2)
-
-
Pleistocene
-
Bishop Tuff (1)
-
lower Pleistocene
-
Calabrian (1)
-
-
middle Pleistocene (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Younger Dryas (1)
-
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary (4)
-
-
Siwalik System (1)
-
Tertiary
-
John Day Formation (1)
-
lower Tertiary (2)
-
middle Tertiary (3)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (3)
-
upper Miocene
-
Messinian (1)
-
-
-
Pliocene
-
Citronelle Formation (1)
-
upper Pliocene (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
lower Eocene (1)
-
middle Eocene (1)
-
Swauk Formation (1)
-
upper Eocene (4)
-
-
Oligocene
-
lower Oligocene (1)
-
upper Oligocene (2)
-
-
Paleocene
-
middle Paleocene (1)
-
Ravenscrag Formation (1)
-
-
Sinjar Formation (1)
-
Wasatch Formation (1)
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (8)
-
-
Dalradian (3)
-
Laurentide ice sheet (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Dakota Formation (3)
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (1)
-
Blackleaf Formation (1)
-
McMurray Formation (1)
-
Mowry Shale (1)
-
Muddy Sandstone (2)
-
Newcastle Sandstone (1)
-
Skull Creek Shale (1)
-
-
Middle Cretaceous (3)
-
Shiranish Formation (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Bagh Beds (1)
-
Cardium Formation (1)
-
Cenomanian (2)
-
Eagle Sandstone (1)
-
Gulfian
-
Austin Chalk (1)
-
Eagle Ford Formation (2)
-
-
Lewis Shale (1)
-
Maestrichtian (1)
-
Niobrara Formation (3)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Toarcian (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Aalenian (1)
-
-
Upper Jurassic (5)
-
-
lower Mesozoic (1)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Bunter (1)
-
-
Upper Triassic
-
Stuhini Group (1)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic (1)
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Arbuckle Group (2)
-
Cambrian
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Rome Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Mount Simon Sandstone (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Mississippian
-
Leadville Formation (1)
-
Madison Group (1)
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Greenbrier Limestone (2)
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Lee Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Pennsylvanian (1)
-
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Westphalian (1)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian (2)
-
Middle Devonian
-
Marcellus Shale (2)
-
Onondaga Limestone (2)
-
Tully Limestone (1)
-
-
Upper Devonian
-
Duperow Formation (1)
-
Frasnian (1)
-
Huron Member (1)
-
Ohio Shale (1)
-
-
Waterways Formation (1)
-
-
Exshaw Formation (1)
-
Itarare Subgroup (1)
-
lower Paleozoic (8)
-
Minnelusa Formation (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Ellenburger Group (1)
-
Tremadocian (1)
-
-
Middle Ordovician (1)
-
Trenton Group (1)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (1)
-
Hirnantian (2)
-
Katian (1)
-
Queenston Shale (1)
-
Sandbian (1)
-
-
Utica Shale (1)
-
-
Permian
-
Ecca Group (1)
-
Guadalupian
-
Queen Formation (1)
-
-
Khuff Formation (1)
-
Lower Permian
-
Cisuralian (1)
-
Leman Sandstone Formation (1)
-
Leonardian (1)
-
-
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian (3)
-
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Bakken Formation (1)
-
Dwyka Formation (1)
-
-
-
Phanerozoic (7)
-
Precambrian
-
Animikie Group (1)
-
Archean
-
Aravalli System (1)
-
Neoarchean
-
Dharwar Supergroup (1)
-
Sargur Group (2)
-
-
Peninsular Gneiss (1)
-
Vermilion granitic complex (1)
-
-
Biwabik Iron Formation (1)
-
Delhi Supergroup (1)
-
Levack Gneiss (1)
-
Lewisian Complex (1)
-
middle Precambrian (2)
-
Transvaal Supergroup (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Mahakoshal Group (1)
-
Proterozoic
-
Banded Gneissic Complex (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Belt Supergroup (3)
-
Missoula Group (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Brioverian (1)
-
Riphean (1)
-
Tonian (1)
-
Vendian (1)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Birimian (1)
-
Rooiberg Group (1)
-
Whitewater Group (1)
-
-
-
-
Ventersdorp Supergroup (2)
-
Waterberg System (1)
-
-
Vindhyan (3)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (6)
-
granophyre (2)
-
kimberlite (13)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (3)
-
diabase (5)
-
diorites
-
tonalite (2)
-
-
gabbros
-
norite (1)
-
troctolite (2)
-
-
granites
-
aplite (2)
-
biotite granite (1)
-
charnockite (3)
-
leucogranite (2)
-
microgranite (1)
-
monzogranite (1)
-
S-type granites (2)
-
two-mica granite (1)
-
-
granodiorites (7)
-
lamproite (1)
-
lamprophyres (1)
-
monzodiorite (1)
-
monzonites (1)
-
pegmatite (4)
-
syenites
-
albitite (1)
-
shonkinite (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites
-
dunite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite (4)
-
-
-
porphyry (2)
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (1)
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
hawaiite (1)
-
mugearite (1)
-
-
flood basalts (3)
-
ocean-island basalts (1)
-
shoshonite (1)
-
tholeiite (1)
-
-
basanite (1)
-
benmoreite (1)
-
dacites (1)
-
komatiite (2)
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (1)
-
hyaloclastite (1)
-
ignimbrite (3)
-
scoria (1)
-
tuff (5)
-
welded tuff (1)
-
-
rhyodacites (1)
-
rhyolites
-
quartz porphyry (1)
-
-
-
-
ophiolite (6)
-
volcanic ash (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (2)
-
cataclasites (4)
-
eclogite (1)
-
gneisses
-
banded gneiss (1)
-
orthogneiss (1)
-
paragneiss (1)
-
-
granulites (5)
-
impactites (1)
-
marbles (2)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasalt (1)
-
metadiorite (1)
-
metagabbro (1)
-
serpentinite (2)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (1)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
paragneiss (1)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
greisen (1)
-
serpentinite (2)
-
skarn (2)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (2)
-
migmatites (2)
-
mylonites
-
pseudotachylite (4)
-
-
quartzites (5)
-
schists
-
glaucophane schist (1)
-
greenstone (2)
-
-
slates (1)
-
-
ophiolite (6)
-
turbidite (4)
-
-
minerals
-
arsenides
-
arsenopyrite (1)
-
-
carbonates
-
ankerite (1)
-
calcite (1)
-
dolomite (1)
-
magnesite (1)
-
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
atacamite (1)
-
-
fluorides
-
fluorite (3)
-
-
-
manganese minerals (1)
-
minerals (1)
-
oxides
-
baddeleyite (1)
-
cassiterite (1)
-
cryptomelane (1)
-
goethite (1)
-
hematite (2)
-
hollandite (1)
-
ilmenite (2)
-
iron oxides (2)
-
limonite (1)
-
magnetite (3)
-
pitchblende (1)
-
pyrolusite (1)
-
ramsdellite (1)
-
rutile (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (1)
-
monazite (2)
-
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
hornblende (2)
-
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
K-feldspar (2)
-
orthoclase (1)
-
-
-
scapolite group
-
scapolite (1)
-
-
silica minerals
-
opal (1)
-
quartz (2)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
garnet group (2)
-
zircon group
-
zircon (8)
-
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
tourmaline group (1)
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (2)
-
-
clay minerals
-
kaolinite (1)
-
-
illite (3)
-
mica group
-
biotite (3)
-
muscovite (4)
-
-
-
-
sulfates
-
alunite (1)
-
barite (3)
-
-
sulfides
-
arsenopyrite (1)
-
chalcopyrite (1)
-
galena (2)
-
linnaeite (1)
-
molybdenite (3)
-
pyrite (1)
-
sphalerite (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (38)
-
Africa
-
Afar (1)
-
Central Africa
-
Angola (2)
-
Burundi (1)
-
Congo (1)
-
Congo Democratic Republic (3)
-
Rwanda (1)
-
-
Congo Craton (1)
-
East Africa
-
Afar Depression (1)
-
Djibouti (1)
-
Ethiopia (7)
-
Kenya (3)
-
Lake Malawi (1)
-
Lake Turkana (1)
-
Mozambique (1)
-
Somali Republic (2)
-
Sudan
-
Darfur (1)
-
-
Tanzania (2)
-
Turkana Basin (1)
-
Uganda (1)
-
-
East African Lakes
-
Lake Malawi (1)
-
Lake Tanganyika (1)
-
Lake Turkana (1)
-
-
East African Rift (8)
-
Kalahari Desert (1)
-
Limpopo Belt (2)
-
Madagascar (1)
-
North Africa
-
Algeria
-
Ahaggar (1)
-
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (2)
-
-
-
Egypt
-
Eastern Desert (3)
-
-
Ghadames Basin (2)
-
Libya
-
Murzuk Basin (1)
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (2)
-
-
Rif (1)
-
-
Tunisia (2)
-
-
Sahara (1)
-
Southern Africa
-
Botswana (1)
-
Gariep Belt (1)
-
Kaapvaal Craton (2)
-
Karoo Basin (1)
-
Namaqualand (2)
-
Namibia
-
Damara Belt (1)
-
Kaoko Belt (1)
-
Otavi Namibia (1)
-
Tsumeb Namibia (1)
-
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (3)
-
Cape Province region (1)
-
KwaZulu-Natal South Africa (1)
-
Limpopo South Africa (1)
-
Northern Cape Province South Africa
-
Kimberley South Africa (1)
-
-
Transvaal region (1)
-
Vaal River (1)
-
Witwatersrand (1)
-
-
Zimbabwe (1)
-
-
Tibesti Massif (1)
-
West Africa
-
Benue Valley (2)
-
Cameroon (1)
-
Chad
-
Kanem Chad (1)
-
-
Ghana
-
Bosumtwi Crater (1)
-
-
Mali (2)
-
Nigeria
-
Jos Plateau (1)
-
-
Senegal (1)
-
Sierra Leone (2)
-
-
West African Craton (1)
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic ice sheet
-
East Antarctic ice sheet (1)
-
West Antarctic ice sheet (1)
-
-
East Antarctica (3)
-
Ellsworth Land
-
Ellsworth Mountains (1)
-
-
Enderby Land (1)
-
Queen Maud Land (1)
-
South Shetland Islands
-
Deception Island (1)
-
-
Transantarctic Mountains (1)
-
Victoria Land (1)
-
West Antarctica (1)
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Barents Sea (4)
-
Beaufort Sea (1)
-
Canada Basin (1)
-
Chukchi Sea (1)
-
Norwegian Sea
-
More Basin (1)
-
Voring Basin (1)
-
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
East Greenland (3)
-
Northern Greenland (2)
-
Peary Land (1)
-
-
Jan Mayen (1)
-
Russian Arctic
-
Novaya Zemlya (1)
-
-
Svalbard
-
Spitsbergen
-
Spitsbergen Island (1)
-
-
-
-
Asia
-
Altai Mountains
-
Gorny Altai (1)
-
-
Altai Russian Federation
-
Gorny Altai (1)
-
-
Altai-Sayan region (1)
-
Amur region (1)
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Kuwait (1)
-
Oman (2)
-
Rub' al Khali (1)
-
Saudi Arabia
-
Ghawar Field (1)
-
-
-
Baikal region (2)
-
Baikal rift zone (2)
-
Brahmaputra River (1)
-
Buryat Russian Federation (1)
-
Central Asia
-
Pamirs (1)
-
-
Chukotka Russian Federation (1)
-
Far East
-
Borneo
-
Kalimantan Indonesia (2)
-
-
Burma (1)
-
China
-
Fujian China (1)
-
Jiangsu China (1)
-
Sichuan Basin (1)
-
South China Block (1)
-
Yangtze River (1)
-
-
Indonesia
-
Irian Jaya Indonesia (1)
-
Kalimantan Indonesia (2)
-
-
Japan
-
Honshu
-
Itoigawa-Shizuoka tectonic line (1)
-
-
-
Korea (1)
-
Mongolia (2)
-
Philippine Islands
-
Luzon (1)
-
-
-
Ganges River (1)
-
Gobi Desert (1)
-
Himalayas
-
Garhwal Himalayas (2)
-
Kumaun Himalayas (1)
-
Lesser Himalayas (1)
-
-
Hindu Kush (1)
-
Indian Peninsula
-
Bangladesh (2)
-
Bengal (1)
-
Ganga Basin (2)
-
Godavari River (1)
-
India
-
Andhra Pradesh India
-
Anantapur India (1)
-
Cuddapah Basin (4)
-
Hyderabad India (1)
-
Visakhapatnam India (1)
-
-
Bastar Craton (1)
-
Bihar India (3)
-
Bundelkhand (2)
-
Cauvery Basin (2)
-
Deccan Plateau (4)
-
Delhi India (1)
-
Dharwar Craton (8)
-
Ghats
-
Eastern Ghats (4)
-
Western Ghats (3)
-
-
Godavari Valley (1)
-
Gujarat India
-
Baroda India (1)
-
Kutch India (1)
-
-
Haryana India
-
Narnaul India (1)
-
-
Himachal Pradesh India (1)
-
Jharkhand India
-
Singhbhum India (1)
-
-
Karnataka India
-
Bangalore India (1)
-
Chitradurga schist belt (1)
-
Dharwar India (1)
-
-
Kerala India
-
Cannanore India (1)
-
-
Kolar India (1)
-
Madhya Pradesh India
-
Sidhi India (1)
-
-
Mahanadi Valley (2)
-
Maharashtra India
-
Chandrapur India (1)
-
Koyna Dam (1)
-
Koyna River (2)
-
-
Narmada River (2)
-
Narmada-Son Lineament (3)
-
Northeastern India
-
Assam India (2)
-
Manipur India (1)
-
Tripura India (1)
-
-
Orissa India
-
Cuttack India (1)
-
-
Punjab India
-
Chandigarh India (1)
-
-
Rajasthan India
-
Ajmer India (1)
-
Barmer India (1)
-
Jodhpur India (1)
-
Khetri copper belt (1)
-
Udaipur India (1)
-
-
Satpura Range (1)
-
Shillong Plateau (3)
-
Sikkim India (2)
-
Son Valley (1)
-
Tamil Nadu India
-
Ariyalur India (1)
-
Chennai India (1)
-
-
Uttar Pradesh India
-
Mirzapur India (1)
-
-
Uttarakhand India
-
Garhwal Himalayas (2)
-
-
West Bengal India
-
Darjeeling India (1)
-
Purulia India (2)
-
-
-
Indian Shield (7)
-
Indo-Gangetic Plain (4)
-
Indus Valley (1)
-
Jammu and Kashmir
-
Ladakh (1)
-
-
Kohistan (1)
-
Nepal (1)
-
Pakistan (2)
-
Thar Desert (1)
-
-
Indus River (2)
-
Irkutsk Russian Federation (2)
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula (1)
-
-
Karakoram (1)
-
Khabarovsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Kolyma River basin (1)
-
Kopet-Dag Range (1)
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Lake Baikal (1)
-
Magadan Russian Federation (2)
-
Main Boundary Fault (1)
-
Middle East
-
Dead Sea (1)
-
Dead Sea Rift (2)
-
Iran (5)
-
Iraq (3)
-
Jordan (1)
-
Lebanon
-
Beirut Lebanon (1)
-
-
Syria (2)
-
Turkey
-
Anatolia (2)
-
Pontic Mountains (2)
-
Taurus Mountains (2)
-
-
Zagros (5)
-
-
Novosibirsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Ob-Irtysh Interfluve (1)
-
Okhotsk region (1)
-
Okhotsk-Chukchi volcanic belt (1)
-
Omsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Russian Far East (1)
-
Sayan
-
Western Sayan (2)
-
-
Siberian fold belt (2)
-
Siberian Platform (1)
-
Sikhote-Alin Range (1)
-
Siwalik Range (1)
-
Sri Lanka (2)
-
Tibetan Plateau (1)
-
Tomsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Tuva Russian Federation (1)
-
Tyumen Russian Federation
-
Khanty-Mansi Russian Federation (1)
-
Yamal-Nenets Russian Federation
-
Yamal (1)
-
-
-
Vindhyan Basin (3)
-
Yakutia Russian Federation (1)
-
Yenisei Basin (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
Equatorial Atlantic (2)
-
Mid-Atlantic Ridge (1)
-
North Atlantic
-
Barbados Ridge (1)
-
Bay of Biscay (1)
-
Block Island Sound (1)
-
Caribbean Sea
-
Cayman Trough (2)
-
-
Faeroe-Shetland Basin (4)
-
Gulf of Mexico (1)
-
Gulf of Saint Lawrence (1)
-
Irish Sea (1)
-
Labrador Sea (1)
-
North Sea
-
East Shetland Basin (1)
-
-
Northeast Atlantic (4)
-
Northwest Atlantic (1)
-
-
Romanche fracture zone (1)
-
South Atlantic
-
Rio Grande Rise (1)
-
Southwest Atlantic (2)
-
Walvis Ridge (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Azores
-
Faial Island (1)
-
-
Faeroe Islands (2)
-
Shetland Islands (1)
-
-
Atlantic region (4)
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Amadeus Basin (1)
-
Broken Hill Block (2)
-
Lachlan fold belt (1)
-
New South Wales Australia (2)
-
Northern Territory Australia (1)
-
South Australia
-
Olympic Dam Deposit (1)
-
-
Western Australia
-
Kambalda Australia (1)
-
Pilbara Craton (1)
-
Yilgarn Craton (2)
-
-
-
New Zealand
-
Auckland New Zealand (1)
-
Lake Rotorua (1)
-
-
Papua New Guinea (1)
-
-
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
lineaments
GENERALIZED DATASET OF GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL INFORMATION ON THE EASTERN SECTOR OF THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC FOR MACHINE LEARNING-BASED ANALYSIS
REMOTE SENSING-BASED DISCRIMINATION OF HIGHLY FRACTIONATED GRANITE: AN APPLICATION FROM THE HUMR AKARIM AREA ( southeastern desert, Egypt )
A systematic approach to mapping tectonic faults and documenting supporting geomorphology
A novel data-knowledge dual-driven model coupling artificial intelligence with a mineral systems approach for mineral prospectivity mapping
Inception of ridge-ridge-ridge triple junctions: Morphostructural analysis and dynamics in the early back-arc extension of the northern Okinawa Trough
Insights on the structural framework of the Egyptian Eastern Desert derived from edge detectors of gravity data
Multilayer 3D seismic attribute analysis and fault framework modeling of shallow extensional fault systems in the Delaware Basin
The importance of nodal plane orientation diversity for earthquake focal mechanism stress inversions
Abstract Inversions of earthquake focal mechanisms are among the most accessible and reliable methods for determining crustal stress. However, the use of this method varies widely, and the assumptions that underpin it are often violated, potentially compromising stress estimates. We investigate the consequences of violating the little-studied assumption that the focal mechanisms have diverse orientations. Our approach is to employ data-informed synthetic mechanisms, with nodal plane orientations defined by recent earthquake lineaments in the Midland Basin, western Texas, and rakes consistent with slip in the mapped stress field. Using both the traditional stress inversion method that assumes constant shear stress magnitudes on the causative faults as well as a recently published variable shear stress method, we show that low fault plane diversity can cause maximum horizontal stress ( S Hmax ) orientation and relative principal stress magnitude (faulting regime) estimates to differ markedly from the true values. This problem is compounded for catalogues with even modest amounts of noise (≤15°) or few (e.g. 20) mechanisms. Significantly, traditional approaches for quantifying uncertainty such as the bootstrap can severely underestimate the true uncertainty under these circumstances. To remedy this, we provide simple tools to quantify nodal plane orientation diversity and stress inversion reliability.
3D active fault kinematic behaviour reveals rapidly alternating near-surface stress states in the Eastern Alps
Abstract Stress variations in the Earth's crust need to be understood in both the spatial and temporal domains to address a number of pressing societal issues. In this paper, precise three-dimensional records of fault kinematic behaviour obtained by mechanical extensometers are used to investigate changes in stress states along major faults in the Eastern Alps. The monitored faults are fractures with evident Upper Quaternary displacement and are directly attributed to their master tectonic structures. The results demonstrate that activity at the submillimetric scale is highly episodic; periods of repose are punctuated by conspicuous reactivation events affecting one or more of the displacement components. An original approach named the SMB2018 method is used to define the stress state associated with each fault reactivation event. The outputs evidence significant short-term changes in the local stress regime. The directions of the principal normal stresses calculated from these reactivation events present generally similar patterns for both compressional and extensional stress states. Consequently, submillimetric fault activity cannot be controlled by a rotating stress field; such shifts can only be caused by a change in the magnitude of the individual principal normal stresses so that the maximum compression changes to the minimum and vice versa.