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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
East Africa
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Tanzania (1)
-
-
East African Rift (1)
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Limpopo Belt (100)
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Mozambique Belt (1)
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Southern Africa
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Botswana (10)
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Kaapvaal Craton (26)
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Karoo Basin (3)
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Lesotho (1)
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Namaqualand (2)
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South Africa
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Bushveld Complex (7)
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Cape Province region (1)
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KwaZulu-Natal South Africa (1)
-
Limpopo South Africa (4)
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Murchison greenstone belt (1)
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Northern Cape Province South Africa
-
Kimberley South Africa (1)
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Sutherland South Africa (1)
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Transvaal region (6)
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Swaziland (1)
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Zimbabwe
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Great Dyke (3)
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Kariba Zimbabwe (1)
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Zimbabwe Craton (23)
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Asia
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Indian Peninsula
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India (2)
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Canada
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Europe
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Italy
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Venetia (1)
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Western Europe
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North America
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Canadian Shield
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Slave Province (1)
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commodities
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coal deposits (1)
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diamond deposits (3)
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fluorspar deposits (1)
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metal ores
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aluminum ores (1)
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chromite ores (1)
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copper ores (4)
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gold ores (9)
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iron ores (1)
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magnesium ores (2)
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nickel ores (3)
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platinum ores (3)
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rare earth deposits (1)
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mineral deposits, genesis (6)
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mineral exploration (6)
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mineral resources (1)
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elements, isotopes
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (1)
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chemical ratios (1)
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halogens
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chlorine
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chloride ion (1)
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hydrogen
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D/H (1)
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deuterium (1)
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isotope ratios (10)
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isotopes
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
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U-238/Pb-206 (1)
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stable isotopes
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C-13/C-12 (1)
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D/H (1)
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deuterium (1)
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
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O-18/O-16 (5)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
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U-238/Pb-206 (1)
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Lu/Hf (4)
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metals
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actinides
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thorium (1)
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uranium
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U-238/Pb-206 (1)
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alkali metals
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potassium (1)
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alkaline earth metals
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magnesium (2)
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
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gold (1)
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hafnium
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
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iron
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lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
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U-238/Pb-206 (1)
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platinum group
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palladium (1)
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platinum (1)
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platinum ores (3)
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rare earths
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europium (1)
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noble gases
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argon (1)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (5)
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geochronology methods
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(U-Th)/He (1)
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Ar/Ar (4)
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Lu/Hf (4)
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Nd/Nd (1)
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paleomagnetism (3)
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Pb/Pb (5)
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Rb/Sr (10)
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Sm/Nd (5)
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U/Pb (21)
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U/Th/Pb (1)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Tertiary (1)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous (1)
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Paleozoic
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Precambrian
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Archean
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Mesoarchean (1)
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Neoarchean (17)
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Paleoarchean (2)
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Hadean (1)
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Transvaal Supergroup (1)
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Mesoproterozoic (1)
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Paleoproterozoic
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Rooiberg Group (1)
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Ventersdorp Supergroup (1)
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Waterberg System (4)
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igneous rocks
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igneous rocks
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carbonatites (1)
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kimberlite (10)
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plutonic rocks
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diabase
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tholeiitic dolerite (1)
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diorites
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tonalite
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enderbite (5)
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trondhjemite (1)
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gabbros
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norite (1)
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troctolite (1)
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granites
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charnockite (3)
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granite porphyry (2)
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leucogranite (1)
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lamprophyres (1)
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syenites
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ultramafics
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chromitite (1)
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pyroxenite (1)
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volcanic rocks
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basalts
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tholeiite (1)
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komatiite (4)
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metamorphic rocks
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metamorphic rocks
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amphibolites (4)
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eclogite (3)
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granulites (14)
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metapyroxenite (1)
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metasedimentary rocks
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metapelite (8)
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metavolcanic rocks (1)
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mylonites
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quartzites (4)
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schists
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minerals
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alloys (1)
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arsenides
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sperrylite (1)
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bismuthides (1)
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halides
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fluorides
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fluorite (1)
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oxides
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baddeleyite (1)
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chrome spinel (1)
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corundum (1)
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hematite (1)
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ilmenite (1)
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magnetite (1)
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spinel (3)
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spinel group (1)
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phosphates
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apatite (2)
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fluorapatite (1)
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monazite (2)
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platinum minerals (1)
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silicates
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chain silicates
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aenigmatite group
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sapphirine (2)
-
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amphibole group
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clinoamphibole
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hornblende (1)
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tschermakite (1)
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orthoamphibole
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anthophyllite (2)
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gedrite (1)
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-
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene (2)
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orthopyroxene
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hypersthene (2)
-
-
-
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framework silicates
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feldspar group
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alkali feldspar
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K-feldspar (1)
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scapolite group
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scapolite (1)
-
-
silica minerals
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quartz (6)
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magnesian silicates (1)
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orthosilicates
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nesosilicates
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garnet group
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almandine (1)
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pyrope (1)
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kyanite (2)
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olivine group
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olivine (1)
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sillimanite (3)
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staurolite (2)
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titanite group
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titanite (1)
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zircon group
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zircon (16)
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ring silicates
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cordierite (4)
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sheet silicates
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chlorite group
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chlorite (1)
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clay minerals
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kaolinite (1)
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mica group
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biotite (1)
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muscovite (1)
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phlogopite (1)
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sulfides
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chalcopyrite (1)
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millerite (1)
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pentlandite (2)
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pyrite (1)
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pyrrhotite (2)
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troilite (1)
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tellurides (1)
-
-
Primary terms
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absolute age (36)
-
Africa
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East Africa
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Tanzania (1)
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East African Rift (1)
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Limpopo Belt (100)
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Mozambique Belt (1)
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Southern Africa
-
Botswana (10)
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Kaapvaal Craton (26)
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Karoo Basin (3)
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Lesotho (1)
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Namaqualand (2)
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South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (7)
-
Cape Province region (1)
-
KwaZulu-Natal South Africa (1)
-
Limpopo South Africa (4)
-
Murchison greenstone belt (1)
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Northern Cape Province South Africa
-
Kimberley South Africa (1)
-
-
Sutherland South Africa (1)
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Transvaal region (6)
-
-
Swaziland (1)
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Zimbabwe
-
Great Dyke (3)
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Kariba Zimbabwe (1)
-
-
-
Zimbabwe Craton (23)
-
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Asia
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India (2)
-
-
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Canada
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Western Canada (1)
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (1)
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Cenozoic
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Tertiary (1)
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coal deposits (1)
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continental drift (1)
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crust (20)
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crystal chemistry (1)
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crystal structure (1)
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data processing (3)
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deformation (20)
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diamond deposits (3)
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Earth (1)
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Europe
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Italy
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Western Europe
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Scandinavia
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faults (26)
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folds (8)
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foliation (2)
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fractures (2)
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geochemistry (9)
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geochronology (3)
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geophysical methods (6)
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heat flow (1)
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hydrogen
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D/H (1)
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deuterium (1)
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igneous rocks
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carbonatites (1)
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kimberlite (10)
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plutonic rocks
-
diabase
-
tholeiitic dolerite (1)
-
-
diorites
-
tonalite
-
enderbite (5)
-
-
trondhjemite (1)
-
-
gabbros
-
norite (1)
-
troctolite (1)
-
-
granites
-
charnockite (3)
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granite porphyry (2)
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leucogranite (1)
-
-
lamprophyres (1)
-
syenites
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quartz syenite (1)
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ultramafics
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chromitite (1)
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pyroxenite (1)
-
-
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volcanic rocks
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basalts
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tholeiite (1)
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komatiite (4)
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inclusions
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fluid inclusions (4)
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intrusions (24)
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isotopes
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
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U-238/Pb-206 (1)
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stable isotopes
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C-13/C-12 (1)
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D/H (1)
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deuterium (1)
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
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O-18/O-16 (5)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
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Mesozoic
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
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gold (1)
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hafnium
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U-238/Pb-206 (1)
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rare earths
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metamorphic rocks
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biotite gneiss (1)
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granite gneiss (1)
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granulites (14)
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marbles (1)
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metaigneous rocks
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meta-anorthosite (1)
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metagranite (1)
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metapyroxenite (1)
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metasedimentary rocks
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metapelite (8)
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metavolcanic rocks (1)
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pseudotachylite (1)
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quartzites (4)
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schists
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O-18/O-16 (5)
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Precambrian
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Mesoproterozoic (1)
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Paleoproterozoic
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Ventersdorp Supergroup (1)
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reefs (2)
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tectonics (31)
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rock formations
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sedimentary rocks
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chemically precipitated rocks
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clastic rocks
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sedimentary structures
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sedimentary structures
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Limpopo Belt
Shattered crust: how brittle deformation enables Critical Zone processes beneath southern Africa
Plate-tectonic processes at ca. 2.0 Ga: Evidence from >600 km of plate convergence
Application of Spherical Cap Harmonic Analysis on CHAMP satellite data to develop a lithospheric magnetic field model over southern Africa at satellite altitude
Detrital zircon in sandstones from the Palaeoproterozoic Waterberg and Nylstroom basins, South Africa: Provenance and recycling
The hydrothermal Waterberg platinum deposit, Mookgophong (Naboomspruit), South Africa. Part II: Quartz chemistry, fluid inclusions and geochronology
Platinum-group minerals of the F and T zones, Waterberg Project, far northern Bushveld Complex: implication for the formation of the PGE mineralization
Metamorphic evolution of ultramafic rocks of komatiitic composition from the Central Zone of the Limpopo Belt, South Africa
Fractal geometry of the fault network across the Soutpansberg Mountains, Limpopo, South Africa
Paleostress Analysis of Karoo Supergroup of the Tshipise-Pafuri Basin, South Africa: Comment
PALEOSTRESS ANALYSIS OF KAROO SUPERGROUP OF THE TSHIPISE-PAFURI BASIN, SOUTH AFRICA
THE STRUCTURE OF THE KAROO-AGE ELLISRAS BASIN IN LIMPOPO PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA, IN THE LIGHT OF NEW AIRBORNE GEOPHYSICAL DATA
MONAZITE-FLUORAPATITE CHARACTERISTICS AS EVIDENCE FOR INTERPLAY BETWEEN ~2.04 GA FLUID-INDUCED DEHYDRATION AND MELTING OF THE SAND RIVER GNEISS, LIMPOPO COMPLEX, SOUTH AFRICA
ON THE POSSIBLE OCCURRENCE OF KOMATIITES IN THE ARCHAEAN HIGH-GRADE POLYMETAMORPHIC CENTRAL ZONE OF THE LIMPOPO BELT, SOUTH AFRICA
ORTHOPYROXENE + SILLIMANITE PREDATING SAPPHIRINE + QUARTZ: A RARE CASE OF ULTRAHIGH-TEMPERATURE METAMORPHISM FROM THE CENTRAL ZONE, LIMPOPO COMPLEX, SOUTH AFRICA
THE MURCHISON GREENSTONE BELT (SOUTH AFRICA): A GENERAL TECTONIC FRAMEWORK
The growth of the Zimbabwe Craton during the late Archaean: an ion microprobe U–Pb zircon study
Paleomagnetic and geochronological evidence for large-scale post–1.88 Ga displacement between the Zimbabwe and Kaapvaal cratons along the Limpopo belt
The results of 50 years of geochronological work in the Limpopo Complex are reviewed. The data define three main age clusters. The oldest, at ca. 3.3 Ga, exists in the Central and Southern Marginal Zones and is defined by magmatic zircon dates. The second, with a genuine spread between 2.7 and 2.55 Ga, occurs in all three zones. It was a period of high-grade regional metamorphism with intense deformation and widespread anatexis, dated also mainly (but not exclusively) by zircon U-Pb. The third cluster is well constrained at 2.02 ± 0.02 Ga in the Central Zone by zircon overgrowths, sparse magmatic zircons, monazite, apatite, Sm-Nd and Lu-Hf garnet dating, Pb/Pb discrete phase and stepwise leaching dating of garnet and titanite, and hornblende Ar/Ar dating. The Paleoproterozoic dates from metamorphic minerals are particularly associated with zones of intense transcurrent shearing at high-grade metamorphism. In the Northern Marginal Zone this event is more protracted, from 2.08 to 1.94 Ga, and defined in medium- to low-grade shear zones. In the Southern Marginal Zone it is absent. The evidence for both Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic mineral ages, both defining high-grade tectono-metamorphic events, is in part paradoxical and has led to controversies as to the age of a proposed collisional orogeny. Studying the mineral dates in their tectonic context leads to the conclusion that fluid access in deformation, rather than mere reheating, mainly caused their partial resetting in the Paleoproterozoic event. This allows the controversy to be resolved.
We report new petrological data for granulites from the Central Zone of the Limpopo Complex, southern Africa, and construct a prograde P-T path that traverses from high-pressure granulite-facies metamorphism to peak ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) metamorphism by rapid decompression, which was followed by further decompression and cooling. Mg-rich ( X Mg ~0.58) staurolite enclosed within poikiloblastic garnet in an Mg-Al-rich rock from the Beit Bridge area is rarely mantled by a sapphirine + quartz corona, suggesting the progress of the prograde dehydration reaction: staurolite + garnet → sapphirine + quartz + H 2 O. The symplectic sapphirine + quartz developed around staurolite probably implies decompression from P >14 kbar toward the stability of sapphirine + quartz at T ~1000 °C along a clockwise P-T path. The orthopyroxene + sillimanite + quartz assemblage mantled by cordierite aggregates in a pelitic granulite from the same area also suggests extreme metamorphism and subsequent further decompression. Various corona textures such as kyanite + sapphirine, sapphirine + cordierite, and orthopyroxene + cordierite were probably formed as a result of decompression cooling events. The prograde high-pressure metamorphism and the following UHT event relate to the collisional tectonics of the Zimbabwe and Kaapvaal Cratons, which are associated with the amalgamation of microcontinents during the Neoarchean.