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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
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Limpopo Belt (1)
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North Africa
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Algeria
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Ahaggar (1)
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Egypt
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Eastern Desert (1)
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Morocco
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Marrakech Morocco (1)
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Nubian Shield (1)
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Southern Africa
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Botswana (1)
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Kaapvaal Craton (2)
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Namaqualand (2)
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Namibia
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Damara Belt (2)
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South Africa
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Bushveld Complex (2)
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Merensky Reef (1)
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Murchison greenstone belt (1)
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Northern Cape Province South Africa (1)
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Transvaal region (1)
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Witwatersrand (1)
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West Africa
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Cameroon (1)
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Chad (1)
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Altiplano (1)
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Arctic region
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Greenland
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Asia
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Altai Mountains
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Gorny Altai (2)
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Amur Russian Federation
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Arabian Peninsula
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Buryat Russian Federation (2)
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Far East
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China
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Yunnan China
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Mongolia (2)
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India
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Northeastern India
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Rajasthan India
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Jammu and Kashmir
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Nepal
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Pakistan
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Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (1)
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Irkutsk Russian Federation
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Canada
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Ontario (1)
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Western Canada
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Central America
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Baikal region (2)
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Irkutsk Russian Federation
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Khakasiya Russian Federation (1)
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Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation (2)
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Magadan Russian Federation (2)
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Okhotsk-Chukchi volcanic belt (1)
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Russian Far East (2)
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Siberian Platform
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Yenisei Ridge (3)
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Transbaikalia (3)
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Tuva Russian Federation
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Sangilen Mountains (1)
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Western Transbaikalia (2)
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West Siberia
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Europe
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Alps
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Southern Europe
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Greek Macedonia
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Italy
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Macedonia
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Western Europe
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Scandinavia
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United Kingdom
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Indian Ocean
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Mediterranean region
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Cyclades
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Mexico
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North America
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Appalachians
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Coast plutonic complex (1)
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Shuswap Complex (2)
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Sevier orogenic belt (1)
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commodities
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carbon
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chemical ratios (1)
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hydrogen
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stable isotopes
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Lu/Hf (3)
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metals
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actinides
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alkali metals
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strontium
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aluminum (3)
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gold (2)
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iron
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lead
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noble gases
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oxygen
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phosphorus (1)
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geologic age
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Mesozoic
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upper Mesozoic (1)
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Devonian
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lower Paleozoic (5)
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upper Paleozoic (4)
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Precambrian
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upper Precambrian
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Paleoproterozoic
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igneous rocks
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extrusive rocks (1)
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plutonic rocks
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porphyry (3)
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-
-
rhyodacites (1)
-
rhyolites
-
quartz porphyry (1)
-
-
trachytes (1)
-
-
-
ophiolite (1)
-
wehrlite (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (6)
-
cataclasites (1)
-
eclogite (4)
-
gneisses
-
augen gneiss (2)
-
biotite gneiss (2)
-
granite gneiss (3)
-
orthogneiss (5)
-
paragneiss (3)
-
-
granulites (3)
-
hornfels (3)
-
marbles (5)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasite (1)
-
metadacite (1)
-
metagabbro (1)
-
metagranite (2)
-
metaperidotite (1)
-
serpentinite (1)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (1)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
metapelite (8)
-
paragneiss (3)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
greisen (10)
-
serpentinite (1)
-
skarn (5)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (3)
-
migmatites
-
anatexite (2)
-
-
mylonites
-
blastomylonite (1)
-
-
quartzites (2)
-
schists
-
blueschist (1)
-
muscovite schist (1)
-
tourmalinite (1)
-
-
slates (1)
-
-
ophiolite (1)
-
-
minerals
-
arsenides
-
arsenopyrite (2)
-
lollingite (1)
-
-
carbonates
-
bastnaesite (1)
-
calcite (1)
-
dolomite (1)
-
parisite (1)
-
-
halides
-
fluorides
-
bastnaesite (1)
-
fluorite (3)
-
parisite (1)
-
topaz (3)
-
zinnwaldite (2)
-
-
-
minerals (3)
-
native elements
-
graphite (3)
-
-
oxides
-
cassiterite (7)
-
corundum (1)
-
iron oxides (2)
-
magnetite (3)
-
niobates
-
columbite (2)
-
fergusonite (1)
-
pyrochlore (1)
-
samarskite (1)
-
-
rutile (3)
-
tantalates
-
microlite (1)
-
tantalite (3)
-
wodginite (2)
-
-
titanomagnetite (1)
-
uraninite (5)
-
-
phosphates
-
amblygonite (2)
-
apatite (4)
-
lithiophilite (2)
-
monazite (27)
-
montebrasite (2)
-
triphylite (1)
-
xenotime (5)
-
-
silicates
-
aluminosilicates (1)
-
borosilicates (1)
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
hastingsite (1)
-
hornblende (2)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
aegirine (1)
-
augite (1)
-
diopside (2)
-
spodumene (6)
-
-
-
wollastonite group
-
wollastonite (1)
-
-
xonotlite (1)
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
amazonite (1)
-
K-feldspar (6)
-
-
plagioclase
-
albite (4)
-
-
-
myrmekite (2)
-
silica minerals
-
quartz (13)
-
-
zeolite group
-
pollucite (2)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
andalusite (1)
-
datolite group
-
gadolinite (1)
-
-
dumortierite (1)
-
garnet group
-
spessartine (2)
-
-
grandidierite (1)
-
olivine group (1)
-
sillimanite (2)
-
titanite group
-
titanite (6)
-
-
topaz (3)
-
zircon group
-
coffinite (1)
-
thorite (1)
-
zircon (62)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
epidote group
-
allanite (1)
-
clinozoisite (1)
-
epidote (1)
-
-
vesuvianite (1)
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
beryl (3)
-
tourmaline group
-
dravite (2)
-
elbaite (4)
-
schorl (2)
-
uvite (1)
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (1)
-
cookeite (1)
-
-
mica group
-
biotite (20)
-
lepidolite (6)
-
lepidomelane (1)
-
muscovite (26)
-
phengite (1)
-
zinnwaldite (2)
-
-
petalite (3)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
barite (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
arsenopyrite (2)
-
molybdenite (2)
-
pyrite (2)
-
-
tungstates
-
ferberite (2)
-
scheelite (4)
-
wolframite (2)
-
-
uranium minerals (1)
-
wehrlite (1)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (111)
-
Africa
-
Limpopo Belt (1)
-
North Africa
-
Algeria
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Ahaggar (1)
-
-
Egypt
-
Eastern Desert (1)
-
-
Morocco
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Marrakech Morocco (1)
-
-
-
Nubian Shield (1)
-
Southern Africa
-
Botswana (1)
-
Kaapvaal Craton (2)
-
Namaqualand (2)
-
Namibia
-
Damara Belt (2)
-
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (2)
-
Merensky Reef (1)
-
Murchison greenstone belt (1)
-
Northern Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
Transvaal region (1)
-
Witwatersrand (1)
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Cameroon (1)
-
Chad (1)
-
-
-
Arctic region
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Greenland
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East Greenland (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Altai Mountains
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Gorny Altai (2)
-
Kuznetsk Alatau (1)
-
-
Altai Russian Federation
-
Gorny Altai (2)
-
-
Altai-Sayan region (1)
-
Amur Russian Federation
-
Bureya Russian Federation (1)
-
Zeya-Bureya Basin (1)
-
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Arabian Shield (1)
-
-
Baikal region (2)
-
Brahmaputra River (1)
-
Buryat Russian Federation (2)
-
Central Asia (1)
-
Far East
-
China
-
Hebei China
-
Yanshan Range (1)
-
-
Jiangxi China (1)
-
Liaoning China (1)
-
North China Platform (2)
-
Qilian Mountains (1)
-
Shandong China
-
Qingdao China (1)
-
-
South China Block (1)
-
Sulu Terrane (2)
-
Xizang China
-
Gangdese Belt (1)
-
Lhasa Block (1)
-
-
Yunnan China
-
Ailao Shan (4)
-
-
-
Mongolia (2)
-
Vietnam (1)
-
-
Ganges River (1)
-
Himalayas
-
Garhwal Himalayas (3)
-
High Himalayan Crystallines (3)
-
Lesser Himalayas (3)
-
Mount Everest (3)
-
Nanga Parbat (3)
-
Zanskar Range (3)
-
-
Hindu Kush (2)
-
Indian Peninsula
-
Bangladesh (1)
-
Bhutan (6)
-
India
-
Bhagirathi River (1)
-
Doda India
-
Kishtwar India (1)
-
-
Ghats
-
Eastern Ghats (1)
-
-
Northeastern India
-
Arunachal Pradesh India (2)
-
-
Rajasthan India
-
Aravalli Range (1)
-
-
Sikkim India (1)
-
Uttar Pradesh India (2)
-
Uttarakhand India
-
Garhwal Himalayas (3)
-
Garhwal India (1)
-
Uttarkashi India
-
Gangotri Glacier (1)
-
-
-
-
Jammu and Kashmir
-
Kishtwar India (1)
-
Ladakh (3)
-
Nanga Parbat (3)
-
-
Kohistan (3)
-
Nepal
-
Kali Gandaki Valley (1)
-
-
Pakistan
-
Punjab Pakistan
-
Salt Range (1)
-
-
-
-
Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (1)
-
Irkutsk Russian Federation
-
Slyudyanka Russian Federation (1)
-
-
Karakoram (5)
-
Khakasiya Russian Federation (1)
-
Kolyma River basin (1)
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation (2)
-
Magadan Russian Federation (2)
-
Main Boundary Fault (1)
-
Main Central Thrust (4)
-
Middle East
-
Turkey
-
Anatolia (1)
-
Menderes Massif (1)
-
Taurus Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Okhotsk-Chukchi volcanic belt (1)
-
Russian Far East (2)
-
Sayan
-
Eastern Sayan (2)
-
-
Siberia (2)
-
Siberian fold belt (1)
-
Siberian Platform
-
Yenisei Ridge (3)
-
-
Southeast Asia (1)
-
Tibetan Plateau (4)
-
Transbaikalia (3)
-
Tuva Russian Federation
-
Sangilen Mountains (1)
-
-
West Siberia
-
Kuznetsk Alatau (1)
-
-
Western Transbaikalia (2)
-
Zabaykalskiy Russian Federation (2)
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Northern Territory Australia (1)
-
Tasmania Australia (1)
-
Western Australia
-
Yilgarn Craton (1)
-
-
-
New Zealand
-
Southland New Zealand
-
Fiordland (1)
-
-
-
-
boron
-
B-11/B-10 (1)
-
-
brines (1)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Maritime Provinces
-
Nova Scotia
-
Cape Breton Island (1)
-
Yarmouth County Nova Scotia (3)
-
-
-
Meguma Terrane (4)
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Newfoundland (2)
-
-
Ontario (1)
-
Quebec
-
Monteregian Hills (1)
-
Saguenay County Quebec (1)
-
-
-
Western Canada
-
Athabasca Basin (3)
-
British Columbia
-
Prince Rupert British Columbia (1)
-
Skeena Mountains (1)
-
-
Canadian Cordillera (3)
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
-
Manitoba
-
Bernic Lake (1)
-
Tanco Pegmatite (1)
-
-
Northwest Territories (1)
-
Saskatchewan
-
Wollaston Lake Belt (2)
-
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (3)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary (2)
-
Tertiary
-
lower Tertiary (1)
-
middle Tertiary (3)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
lower Miocene (3)
-
middle Miocene (1)
-
Peach Springs Tuff (1)
-
upper Miocene (3)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
upper Eocene (1)
-
-
Oligocene (8)
-
Paleocene (2)
-
-
-
-
Central America
-
El Salvador (1)
-
-
construction materials
-
building stone (2)
-
-
crust (47)
-
crystal chemistry (9)
-
crystal growth (6)
-
crystal structure (4)
-
data processing (1)
-
deformation (41)
-
diagenesis (1)
-
earthquakes (1)
-
economic geology (6)
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
Central Alps
-
Pennine Alps (1)
-
-
Eastern Alps
-
Austroalpine Zone (1)
-
-
Western Alps (1)
-
-
Carpathians
-
Tatra Mountains (1)
-
-
Central Europe
-
Bohemian Massif (2)
-
Czech Republic (2)
-
Erzgebirge (1)
-
Poland (1)
-
Slovakia
-
Gemer Slovakia (1)
-
-
Tatra Mountains (1)
-
-
Karelia (1)
-
Pyrenees (1)
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece
-
Greek Aegean Islands
-
Cyclades
-
Naxos (1)
-
Tinos (1)
-
-
-
Greek Macedonia
-
Chalkidiki (1)
-
-
Hellenic Arc (1)
-
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Central Iberian Zone (6)
-
Iberian Massif (1)
-
Portugal (5)
-
Spain
-
Andalusia Spain
-
Serrania de Ronda (1)
-
-
Asturian Arc (1)
-
Betic Cordillera
-
Serrania de Ronda (1)
-
-
Castilla y Leon Spain
-
Leon Spain (1)
-
Salamanca Spain (3)
-
Zamora Spain (2)
-
-
Galicia Spain
-
La Coruna Spain
-
La Coruna City Spain (1)
-
-
-
Sierra de Guadarrama (1)
-
-
Spanish Central System (1)
-
-
Italy
-
Lombardy Italy (1)
-
Piemonte Italy (1)
-
Sardinia Italy (1)
-
-
Macedonia
-
Greek Macedonia
-
Chalkidiki (1)
-
-
-
-
Variscides (13)
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Ariege France (1)
-
Armorican Massif (6)
-
Aveyron France (1)
-
Beauvoir Granite (1)
-
Brittany (2)
-
Cantal France (2)
-
Central Massif
-
Millevaches Plateau (2)
-
-
Correze France (1)
-
Creuse France (2)
-
Finistere France (1)
-
Haute-Vienne France
-
Saint-Sylvestre Massif (1)
-
-
Limousin (4)
-
Morbihan France (2)
-
-
Scandinavia
-
Finland (2)
-
Norway (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
Scotland
-
Great Glen Fault (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
faults (50)
-
fluorspar deposits (1)
-
folds (15)
-
foliation (18)
-
fractures (2)
-
geochemistry (49)
-
geochronology (14)
-
geomorphology (1)
-
geophysical methods (6)
-
heat flow (5)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (2)
-
-
hydrology (1)
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (3)
-
diabase (1)
-
diorites
-
diorite porphyry (1)
-
ferrodiorite (1)
-
plagiogranite (1)
-
quartz diorites (2)
-
tonalite (10)
-
trondhjemite (3)
-
-
gabbros (11)
-
granites
-
alaskite (1)
-
alkali granites (1)
-
aplite (6)
-
A-type granites (7)
-
biotite granite (4)
-
charnockite (1)
-
granite porphyry (1)
-
granosyenite (1)
-
I-type granites (4)
-
leucogranite (258)
-
microgranite (2)
-
monzogranite (15)
-
muscovite granite (1)
-
rapakivi (2)
-
S-type granites (9)
-
two-mica granite (7)
-
-
granodiorites (26)
-
lamprophyres
-
camptonite (1)
-
-
monzodiorite (2)
-
monzonites (3)
-
pegmatite (37)
-
quartz monzonite (2)
-
syenites
-
granosyenite (1)
-
nepheline syenite
-
agpaite (1)
-
-
quartz syenite (1)
-
syenite porphyry (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites
-
dunite (2)
-
harzburgite (1)
-
-
-
-
porphyry (3)
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (4)
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts (2)
-
-
dacites (3)
-
glasses (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
ignimbrite (1)
-
tuffite (1)
-
-
rhyodacites (1)
-
rhyolites
-
quartz porphyry (1)
-
-
trachytes (1)
-
-
-
inclusions
-
fluid inclusions (9)
-
-
Indian Ocean
-
Bay of Bengal (1)
-
-
intrusions (106)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (2)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (3)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (2)
-
B-11/B-10 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (3)
-
D/H (2)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (9)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (23)
-
O-18/O-16 (13)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (3)
-
S-34/S-32 (3)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (23)
-
-
-
lineation (8)
-
magmas (74)
-
mantle (11)
-
maps (1)
-
Mediterranean region
-
Aegean Islands
-
Greek Aegean Islands
-
Cyclades
-
Naxos (1)
-
Tinos (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous (3)
-
Middle Cretaceous (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Tuolumne Intrusive Suite (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic (2)
-
Upper Jurassic (1)
-
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic (1)
-
Middle Triassic (1)
-
Upper Triassic (4)
-
-
upper Mesozoic (1)
-
-
metal ores
-
base metals (4)
-
beryllium ores (3)
-
copper ores (6)
-
gold ores (10)
-
iron ores (1)
-
lithium ores (4)
-
molybdenum ores (9)
-
niobium ores (4)
-
platinum ores (1)
-
polymetallic ores (2)
-
rare earth deposits (3)
-
silver ores (4)
-
tantalum ores (6)
-
tellurium ores (1)
-
thorium ores (1)
-
tin ores (17)
-
tungsten ores (18)
-
uranium ores (7)
-
zinc ores (1)
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
thorium (2)
-
uranium (3)
-
-
alkali metals
-
cesium (2)
-
lithium (10)
-
potassium (2)
-
rubidium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (3)
-
-
sodium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
beryllium (1)
-
magnesium (1)
-
strontium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (3)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (23)
-
-
-
aluminum (3)
-
arsenic (1)
-
bismuth (2)
-
copper (1)
-
gold (2)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (9)
-
-
iron
-
ferrous iron (1)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
-
manganese (4)
-
nickel (1)
-
niobium (4)
-
platinum group
-
platinum ores (1)
-
-
precious metals (1)
-
rare earths
-
cerium (1)
-
lutetium (1)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (23)
-
-
samarium (1)
-
yttrium (3)
-
-
tantalum (7)
-
tin (4)
-
titanium (3)
-
tungsten (1)
-
zirconium (2)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (6)
-
cataclasites (1)
-
eclogite (4)
-
gneisses
-
augen gneiss (2)
-
biotite gneiss (2)
-
granite gneiss (3)
-
orthogneiss (5)
-
paragneiss (3)
-
-
granulites (3)
-
hornfels (3)
-
marbles (5)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasite (1)
-
metadacite (1)
-
metagabbro (1)
-
metagranite (2)
-
metaperidotite (1)
-
serpentinite (1)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (1)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
metapelite (8)
-
paragneiss (3)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
greisen (10)
-
serpentinite (1)
-
skarn (5)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (3)
-
migmatites
-
anatexite (2)
-
-
mylonites
-
blastomylonite (1)
-
-
quartzites (2)
-
schists
-
blueschist (1)
-
muscovite schist (1)
-
tourmalinite (1)
-
-
slates (1)
-
-
metamorphism (51)
-
metasomatism (27)
-
Mexico
-
Tamaulipas Mexico (1)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (36)
-
mineral exploration (5)
-
mineral resources (1)
-
mineralogy (4)
-
minerals (3)
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (2)
-
-
-
North America
-
Appalachians
-
Blue Ridge Province (1)
-
-
Basin and Range Province (1)
-
Canadian Shield
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ABSTRACT Rapid midcrustal cooling (>10 °C/m.y.) is typical of Phanerozoic orogens, but it is less commonly reported from Precambrian orogenic belts. Abundant new 40 Ar/ 39 Ar (predominantly plateau) dates reveal a period of late, rapid cooling following slow postpeak metamorphic cooling during the evolution of the Paleoproterozoic Cape Smith belt, a greenschist- to amphibolite-facies foreland thrust belt in the ca. 1.83–1.76 Ga Trans-Hudson orogen. We conducted 40 Ar/ 39 Ar step-heating analyses on biotite, hornblende, and/or muscovite from 38 samples sourced from the thrust belt and its footwall basement, the Archean Superior craton. The 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dates from the Cape Smith belt and re-equilibrated Superior craton ranged ca. 1948–1708 Ma in biotite, ca. 1801–1697 Ma in muscovite, and ca. 1764–1694 Ma in hornblende. Of these, ~70% were ca. 1740–1700 Ma plateau dates, which we interpret as cooling ages following Cape Smith belt metamorphism; gas-release spectra of older outlying dates exhibit characteristics of excess Ar. Following the metamorphic thermal peak, the belt cooled at slow rates of up to ~1 °C/m.y. until ca. 1740 Ma. Concordant biotite, muscovite, and hornblende cooling dates of ca. 1740–1700 Ma require fast, late cooling of the belt (≥4 °C/m.y.) through upper midcrustal levels (~500–300 °C), and they allow for very rapid cooling rates (≤200 °C/m.y.). Accelerated cooling rates may have been triggered by uplift in response to detachment of lower crust or subcontinental lithosphere, facilitated by the postcollisional relaxation of isotherms and structural uplift in basement-involved folds. In Superior craton basement, ca. 2704–2667 Ma 40 Ar/ 39 Ar hornblende plateau dates reflect undisturbed cooling ages following Neoarchean metamorphism, whereas younger and wide-ranging 40 Ar/ 39 Ar biotite dates (ca. 2532–1743 Ma) with variable gas-release spectra suggest spatially heterogeneous degrees of Ar resetting in biotite during Cape Smith belt tectonism. Partially reset 40 Ar/ 39 Ar biotite dates in the Superior craton up to ~100 km south of the belt suggest that the pre-erosional thrust wedge extended at least that far south, and that it imposed a widespread low-temperature (<300 °C) and/or short-lived thermal overprint on the footwall basement. Integration of multimineral 40 Ar/ 39 Ar data with structural and metamorphic constraints for the Cape Smith belt indicates that modern-style postcollisional exhumation and rapid cooling were viable processes during the middle Paleoproterozoic.