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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic ice sheet (1)
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-
Asia
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Far East
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Japan
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Hokkaido (1)
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Honshu
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Mino Belt (1)
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-
-
-
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Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
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Blake Plateau
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Blake Nose (2)
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Northeast Atlantic
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Iberian abyssal plain (1)
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Rockall Plateau (1)
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South Atlantic
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Southwest Atlantic (1)
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Walvis Ridge (1)
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-
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Broken Ridge (3)
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Georgia Basin (1)
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Hudson Canyon (1)
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Indian Ocean
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Mid-Indian Ridge
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Southeast Indian Ridge (1)
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Ninetyeast Ridge (1)
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Wombat Plateau (2)
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Indian Ocean Islands
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Kerguelen Islands (1)
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International Ocean Discovery Program
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Expedition 353
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IODP Site U1443 (1)
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-
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Kerguelen Plateau (21)
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Pacific Ocean
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Central Pacific (1)
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East Pacific
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Northeast Pacific (2)
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Southeast Pacific
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Nazca Ridge (1)
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-
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Equatorial Pacific (2)
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North Pacific
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Northeast Pacific (2)
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Northwest Pacific
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Shatsky Rise (2)
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South China Sea (1)
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-
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South Pacific
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Southeast Pacific
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Nazca Ridge (1)
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Southwest Pacific
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Tasman Sea (2)
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-
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West Pacific
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Northwest Pacific
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Shatsky Rise (2)
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South China Sea (1)
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Ontong Java Plateau (1)
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Southwest Pacific
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Tasman Sea (2)
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-
-
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Southern Ocean
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Weddell Sea
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Maud Rise (10)
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-
-
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elements, isotopes
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (6)
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isotope ratios (6)
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isotopes
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stable isotopes
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C-13/C-12 (6)
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O-18/O-16 (7)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
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-
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metals
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alkaline earth metals
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
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rare earths
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lanthanum (1)
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samarium (1)
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ytterbium (1)
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-
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (7)
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-
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fossils
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Invertebrata
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Protista
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Foraminifera
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Rotaliina
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Cassidulinacea
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Anomalinidae
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Cibicidoides (1)
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Globigerinacea
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Hedbergella (1)
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Heterohelicidae (1)
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-
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Radiolaria
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Osculosida
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Nassellina (3)
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Spumellina (2)
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-
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microfossils (22)
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palynomorphs
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Dinoflagellata (1)
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Plantae
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algae
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diatoms (3)
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nannofossils (3)
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thallophytes (4)
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geochronology methods
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Ar/Ar (1)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Miocene
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middle Miocene (1)
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Pliocene
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lower Pliocene (1)
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-
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Paleogene
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Eocene
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lower Eocene (1)
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middle Eocene (2)
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upper Eocene (1)
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lower Paleogene (1)
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Oligocene
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lower Oligocene (2)
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Paleocene
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lower Paleocene
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Danian (1)
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K-T boundary (3)
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Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (1)
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-
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Upper Cretaceous
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K-T boundary (3)
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Maestrichtian (4)
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Senonian (4)
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-
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Jurassic (1)
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Triassic (1)
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Paleozoic
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Permian (1)
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-
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igneous rocks
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igneous rocks
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volcanic rocks
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basalts (2)
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-
-
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Primary terms
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absolute age (1)
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Antarctica
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Antarctic ice sheet (1)
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Asia
-
Far East
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Japan
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Hokkaido (1)
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Honshu
-
Mino Belt (1)
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-
-
-
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Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Blake Plateau
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Blake Nose (2)
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Northeast Atlantic
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Iberian abyssal plain (1)
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Rockall Plateau (1)
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South Atlantic
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Southwest Atlantic (1)
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Walvis Ridge (1)
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-
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biogeography (2)
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (6)
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Cenozoic
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Miocene
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middle Miocene (1)
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Pliocene
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lower Pliocene (1)
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-
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Paleogene
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Eocene
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lower Eocene (1)
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middle Eocene (2)
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upper Eocene (1)
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lower Paleogene (1)
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Oligocene
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lower Oligocene (2)
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-
Paleocene
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lower Paleocene
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Danian (1)
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K-T boundary (3)
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-
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Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (1)
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-
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climate change (2)
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data processing (1)
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Deep Sea Drilling Project
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IPOD
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Leg 48
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DSDP Site 400 (1)
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Leg 62
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DSDP Site 463 (1)
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DSDP Site 465 (1)
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Leg 74
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DSDP Site 525 (1)
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DSDP Site 527 (1)
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DSDP Site 528 (1)
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Leg 81
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DSDP Site 553 (1)
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-
Leg 93
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DSDP Site 605 (1)
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-
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Leg 10
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DSDP Site 95 (1)
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Leg 11
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DSDP Site 98 (1)
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-
Leg 14
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DSDP Site 138 (1)
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-
Leg 24
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DSDP Site 237 (1)
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Leg 29
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DSDP Site 278 (1)
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DSDP Site 280 (1)
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-
Leg 32
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DSDP Site 305 (1)
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-
Leg 36
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DSDP Site 328 (1)
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Leg 39
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DSDP Site 357 (1)
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Leg 40
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DSDP Site 362 (1)
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-
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diagenesis (1)
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faults (1)
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geophysical methods (3)
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glacial geology (1)
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igneous rocks
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volcanic rocks
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basalts (2)
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-
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Indian Ocean
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Mid-Indian Ridge
-
Southeast Indian Ridge (1)
-
-
Ninetyeast Ridge (1)
-
Wombat Plateau (2)
-
-
Indian Ocean Islands
-
Kerguelen Islands (1)
-
-
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
-
Expeditions 320/321
-
Expedition 321
-
IODP Site U1337 (1)
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IODP Site U1338 (1)
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-
-
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Invertebrata
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Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Rotaliina
-
Cassidulinacea
-
Anomalinidae
-
Cibicidoides (1)
-
-
-
Globigerinacea
-
Hedbergella (1)
-
Heterohelicidae (1)
-
-
-
-
Radiolaria
-
Osculosida
-
Nassellina (3)
-
-
Spumellina (2)
-
-
-
-
isotopes
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (6)
-
O-18/O-16 (7)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
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-
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magmas (1)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Upper Cretaceous
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K-T boundary (3)
-
Maestrichtian (4)
-
Senonian (4)
-
-
-
Jurassic (1)
-
Triassic (1)
-
-
metals
-
alkaline earth metals
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
-
-
rare earths
-
lanthanum (1)
-
samarium (1)
-
ytterbium (1)
-
-
-
Ocean Drilling Program
-
Leg 112
-
ODP Site 688 (1)
-
-
Leg 113
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ODP Site 689 (9)
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ODP Site 690 (14)
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ODP Site 693 (4)
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-
Leg 114
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ODP Site 698 (2)
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ODP Site 699 (2)
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ODP Site 700 (1)
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ODP Site 702 (2)
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ODP Site 703 (2)
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-
Leg 119
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ODP Site 737 (4)
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ODP Site 738 (9)
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ODP Site 744 (8)
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ODP Site 745 (5)
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ODP Site 746 (5)
-
-
Leg 120
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ODP Site 747 (8)
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ODP Site 748 (16)
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ODP Site 749 (2)
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ODP Site 750 (8)
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ODP Site 751 (7)
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-
Leg 121
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ODP Site 752 (2)
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ODP Site 753 (1)
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ODP Site 754 (1)
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ODP Site 755 (1)
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ODP Site 758 (1)
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Leg 122
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ODP Site 761 (4)
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Leg 130
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ODP Site 807 (1)
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Leg 132
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ODP Site 810 (1)
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Leg 138 (1)
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Leg 143 (1)
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Leg 149
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ODP Site 897 (1)
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Leg 154 (1)
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Leg 171B
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ODP Site 1049 (1)
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ODP Site 1050 (1)
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ODP Site 1051 (1)
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ODP Site 1052 (1)
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Leg 183
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ODP Site 1135 (1)
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ODP Site 1136 (2)
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ODP Site 1137 (1)
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ODP Site 1138 (5)
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ODP Site 1141 (1)
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ODP Site 1142 (1)
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-
Leg 184
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ODP Site 1146 (1)
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Leg 189
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ODP Site 1171 (1)
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Leg 198
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ODP Site 1209 (2)
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ODP Site 1210 (1)
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ODP Site 1211 (1)
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ODP Site 1212 (1)
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Leg 199
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ODP Site 1220 (1)
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Leg 202
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ODP Site 1236 (1)
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ODP Site 1237 (1)
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ocean floors (2)
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oceanography (2)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (7)
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Pacific Ocean
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Central Pacific (1)
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East Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific (2)
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Southeast Pacific
-
Nazca Ridge (1)
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-
-
Equatorial Pacific (2)
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific (2)
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Shatsky Rise (2)
-
South China Sea (1)
-
-
-
South Pacific
-
Southeast Pacific
-
Nazca Ridge (1)
-
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Tasman Sea (2)
-
-
-
West Pacific
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Shatsky Rise (2)
-
South China Sea (1)
-
-
Ontong Java Plateau (1)
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Tasman Sea (2)
-
-
-
-
paleoclimatology (7)
-
paleoecology (9)
-
paleogeography (2)
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Paleozoic
-
Permian (1)
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-
palynomorphs
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Dinoflagellata (1)
-
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
diatoms (3)
-
nannofossils (3)
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-
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plate tectonics (1)
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sea water (1)
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sea-level changes (1)
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sedimentary rocks
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carbonate rocks
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limestone (1)
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-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
chert (1)
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-
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sedimentation (1)
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
ooze (3)
-
-
marine sediments (4)
-
-
Southern Ocean
-
Weddell Sea
-
Maud Rise (10)
-
-
-
stratigraphy (5)
-
tectonics (1)
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thallophytes (4)
-
weathering (1)
-
-
rock formations
-
Monterey Formation (1)
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-
sedimentary rocks
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sedimentary rocks
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carbonate rocks
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limestone (1)
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-
chemically precipitated rocks
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chert (1)
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-
-
-
sediments
-
sediments
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clastic sediments
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ooze (3)
-
-
marine sediments (4)
-
-
Leg 120
Middle Miocene climate–carbon cycle dynamics: Keys for understanding future trends on a warmer Earth?
ABSTRACT The late early to middle Miocene period (18–12.7 Ma) was marked by profound environmental change, as Earth entered into the warmest climate phase of the Neogene (Miocene climate optimum) and then transitioned to a much colder mode with development of permanent ice sheets on Antarctica. Integration of high-resolution benthic foraminiferal isotope records in well-preserved sedimentary successions from the Pacific, Southern, and Indian Oceans provides a long-term perspective with which to assess relationships among climate change, ocean circulation, and carbon cycle dynamics during these successive climate reversals. Fundamentally different modes of ocean circulation and carbon cycling prevailed on an almost ice-free Earth during the Miocene climate optimum (ca. 16.9–14.7 Ma). Comparison of δ 13 C profiles revealed a marked decrease in ocean stratification and in the strength of the meridional overturning circulation during the Miocene climate optimum. We speculate that labile polar ice sheets, weaker Southern Hemisphere westerlies, higher sea level, and more acidic, oxygen-depleted oceans promoted shelf-basin partitioning of carbonate deposition and a weaker meridional overturning circulation, reducing the sequestration efficiency of the biological pump. X-ray fluorescence scanning data additionally revealed that 100 k.y. eccentricity-paced transient hyperthermal events coincided with intense episodes of deep-water acidification and deoxygenation. The in-phase coherence of δ 18 O and δ 13 C at the eccentricity band further suggests that orbitally paced processes such as remineralization of organic carbon from the deep-ocean dissolved organic carbon pool and/or weathering-induced carbon and nutrient fluxes from tropical monsoonal regions to the ocean contributed to the high amplitude variability of the marine carbon cycle. Stepwise global cooling and ice-sheet expansion during the middle Miocene climate transition (ca. 14.7–13.8 Ma) were associated with dampening of astronomically driven climate cycles and progressive steepening of the δ 13 C gradient between intermediate and deep waters, indicating intensification and vertical expansion of ocean meridional overturning circulation following the end of the Miocene climate optimum. Together, these results underline the crucial role of the marine carbon cycle and low-latitude processes in driving climate dynamics on an almost ice-free Earth.