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NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
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East Africa
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Kenya (1)
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Tanzania
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Oldoinyo Lengai (4)
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Uganda (2)
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Zambia (1)
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East African Rift (1)
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North Africa
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Egypt (2)
-
-
Southern Africa
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Barberton greenstone belt (3)
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Kaapvaal Craton (1)
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Namibia (1)
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South Africa
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Mpumalanga South Africa
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Barberton South Africa (1)
-
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Transvaal region (2)
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-
-
West Africa
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Ivory Coast (1)
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Antarctica
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Antarctic ice sheet (1)
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Antarctic Peninsula (1)
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East Antarctica (1)
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South Shetland Islands
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Deception Island (1)
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Transantarctic Mountains
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Beardmore Glacier (1)
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Queen Maud Range (2)
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Victoria Land
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Allan Hills (1)
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Arctic region
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Russian Arctic (2)
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Asia
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Central Asia
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Kazakhstan
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Aktyubinsk Kazakhstan
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Zhamanshin Crater (1)
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Far East
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China
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South China Block (1)
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Indochina (1)
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Indonesia
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Sumatra (1)
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Japan (1)
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Vietnam
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Kamchatka Russian Federation
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Kamchatka Peninsula
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Klyuchevskaya Sopka (1)
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Tolbachik (1)
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Lena River (1)
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Middle East
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Iran
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Elburz (1)
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Turkey
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Siberia (1)
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Siberian Platform (1)
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Yakutia Russian Federation (2)
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Atlantic Ocean
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Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Azores
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Faial Island
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Canary Islands
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Tenerife (2)
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Australasia
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Australia
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South Australia
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Mount Gambier (1)
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Western Australia (1)
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New Zealand
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Otago New Zealand
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Kakanui (1)
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Taupo volcanic zone (1)
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Bald Mountain (1)
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Bass River (1)
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Maritime Provinces
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New Brunswick (1)
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Western Canada
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Manitoba
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Snow Lake Manitoba (1)
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Yukon Territory (1)
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Caribbean region
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West Indies
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Antilles
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Greater Antilles
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Cuba
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Villa Clara Cuba (1)
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Lesser Antilles
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Montserrat Island
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Soufriere Hills (1)
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Cascade Range (2)
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Central America
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Nicaragua
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Masaya (2)
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Chicxulub Crater (4)
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Kazakhstan
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Aktyubinsk Kazakhstan
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Zhamanshin Crater (1)
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Russian Federation
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Kamchatka Russian Federation
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Kamchatka Peninsula
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Klyuchevskaya Sopka (1)
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Tolbachik (1)
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Lena River (1)
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Russian Arctic (2)
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Siberian Platform (1)
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Yakutia Russian Federation (2)
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Death Valley (2)
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East Pacific Ocean Islands
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Hawaii
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Hawaii County Hawaii
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Hawaii Island
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Kilauea (1)
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Europe
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Central Europe
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Germany
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Baden-Wurttemberg Germany
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Southern Europe
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Iberian Peninsula
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Italy
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Latium Italy
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Sicily Italy
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Lipari Islands
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Stromboli (2)
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Mount Etna (1)
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Umbria Italy (2)
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Western Europe
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France
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Auvergne (1)
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Iceland
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Surtsey (2)
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United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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England
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Pennines (1)
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Scotland
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Highland region Scotland
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Sutherland Scotland
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Assynt (1)
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Scottish Highlands
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Scottish Northern Highlands (1)
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Indian Ocean (1)
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Kos (1)
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Lake District (2)
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Medicine Lake (1)
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Mexico
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Puebla Mexico
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Los Humeros (1)
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Tabasco Mexico (1)
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Trans-Mexican volcanic belt (1)
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North America
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Appalachians
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Northern Appalachians (1)
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Canadian Shield
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Flin Flon Belt (1)
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North Island (2)
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Oceania
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Polynesia
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Hawaii
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Hawaii County Hawaii
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Hawaii Island
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Kilauea (1)
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-
-
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Tonga (1)
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-
-
Pacific Ocean
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East Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Loihi Seamount (2)
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North Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Loihi Seamount (2)
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San Juan Basin (1)
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Scotia Sea Islands
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South Shetland Islands
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Deception Island (1)
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Sierra Nevada (1)
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South America
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Andes (1)
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Colombia
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South Island (1)
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United States
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California
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Inyo County California (1)
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Madera County California (1)
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Mono County California
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Mono Lake (1)
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Siskiyou County California (1)
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Hawaii
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Hawaii County Hawaii
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Hawaii Island
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Kilauea (1)
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-
-
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Maine
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Aroostook County Maine (1)
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Nevada
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Nevada Test Site (1)
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Nye County Nevada (3)
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New Jersey
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Burlington County New Jersey (1)
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New Mexico (1)
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Oregon
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Deschutes County Oregon
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Newberry Volcano (2)
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Klamath County Oregon
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Mount Mazama (1)
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Sevier orogenic belt (1)
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Texas
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Brazos River (2)
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Utah
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Iron County Utah (1)
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Wyoming (1)
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commodities
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aggregate (3)
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construction materials
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cement materials (1)
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insulation materials (1)
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diamond deposits (2)
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heavy mineral deposits (1)
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metal ores
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zinc ores (1)
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mineral exploration (2)
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placers (1)
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-
elements, isotopes
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (4)
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chemical ratios (1)
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isotope ratios (7)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
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stable isotopes
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (4)
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Cr-53/Cr-52 (1)
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O-18/O-16 (3)
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metals
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alkali metals
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potassium (1)
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alkaline earth metals
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magnesium (2)
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strontium (1)
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chromium
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Cr-53/Cr-52 (1)
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iron (1)
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manganese (1)
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nickel (1)
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platinum group (1)
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rare earths (2)
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titanium (1)
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noble gases
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argon
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
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-
oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (3)
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-
sulfur (1)
-
-
fossils
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ichnofossils (1)
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Invertebrata
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Protista
-
Foraminifera (2)
-
-
-
microfossils (2)
-
-
geochronology methods
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(U-Th)/He (1)
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Ar/Ar (2)
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fission-track dating (1)
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He/He (1)
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K/Ar (1)
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paleomagnetism (2)
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Th/U (1)
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thermoluminescence (1)
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U/Pb (2)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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lower Holocene (1)
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upper Holocene (3)
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Pleistocene
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upper Pleistocene (2)
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upper Quaternary (2)
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Miocene
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upper Miocene (1)
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Pliocene
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lower Pliocene (1)
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-
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Paleogene
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Eocene (1)
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Oligocene (1)
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Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
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Danian (1)
-
K-T boundary (2)
-
-
-
-
upper Tertiary (1)
-
-
upper Cenozoic (1)
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-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (1)
-
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Mancos Shale (1)
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Middle Cretaceous (1)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Cenomanian (1)
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Ferron Sandstone Member (1)
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Frontier Formation (1)
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Fruitland Formation (1)
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K-T boundary (2)
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Maestrichtian (1)
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Senonian (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
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Ferrar Group (2)
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Kirkpatrick Basalt (1)
-
-
Triassic
-
Middle Triassic
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Ladinian (2)
-
-
Upper Triassic
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Carnian (2)
-
-
-
-
Paleozoic
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Carboniferous
-
Mississippian
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Lower Mississippian
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Tournaisian (1)
-
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Upper Devonian (2)
-
-
Ordovician
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Middle Ordovician (1)
-
-
Permian
-
Ecca Group (1)
-
-
-
Precambrian
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Archean
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Fig Tree Group (1)
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Paleoarchean (1)
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-
Onverwacht Group (3)
-
upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
-
Neoproterozoic
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Torridonian (2)
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Paleoproterozoic (1)
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-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
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extrusive rocks (2)
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igneous rocks
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carbonatites (10)
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hypabyssal rocks (1)
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kamafugite (1)
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kimberlite (3)
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plutonic rocks
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granites (1)
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ijolite (1)
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porphyry (1)
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volcanic rocks
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andesites (2)
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basalts
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alkali basalts
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hawaiite (1)
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trachybasalts (1)
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flood basalts (2)
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mid-ocean ridge basalts (1)
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tholeiite (1)
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tholeiitic basalt (2)
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dacites (1)
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glasses
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volcanic glass (2)
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melilitite (2)
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nephelinite (2)
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pyroclastics
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hyaloclastite (2)
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ignimbrite (8)
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pumice (13)
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scoria (12)
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tuff (27)
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welded tuff (1)
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rhyodacites (1)
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rhyolites (2)
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trachyandesites (1)
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volcanic ash (11)
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wehrlite (1)
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metamorphic rocks
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metamorphic rocks
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impactites
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impact breccia
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suevite (2)
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metaigneous rocks
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metakomatiite (2)
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metatuff (2)
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metasedimentary rocks (1)
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metavolcanic rocks (2)
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meteorites
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meteorites (1)
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minerals
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carbonates
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calcite (2)
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dolomite (1)
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magnesian calcite (1)
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thermonatrite (1)
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trona (1)
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halides
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chlorides
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sylvite (2)
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fluorides
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minerals (1)
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native elements
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diamond (1)
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phosphates
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fluorapatite (1)
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silicates
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chain silicates
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pyroxene group
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clinopyroxene
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aegirine (1)
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framework silicates
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feldspar group
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plagioclase (3)
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leucite (1)
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nepheline group
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nepheline (1)
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silica minerals
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quartz (4)
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sodalite group
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hauyne (1)
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orthosilicates
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nesosilicates
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garnet group
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andradite (1)
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pyrope (1)
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olivine group
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olivine (2)
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zircon group
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zircon (2)
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-
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sorosilicates
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melilite group
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melilite (1)
-
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
mica group
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phlogopite (1)
-
-
-
-
wehrlite (1)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (5)
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Kenya (1)
-
Tanzania
-
Oldoinyo Lengai (4)
-
-
Uganda (2)
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Zambia (1)
-
-
East African Rift (1)
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North Africa
-
Egypt (2)
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Barberton greenstone belt (3)
-
Kaapvaal Craton (1)
-
Namibia (1)
-
South Africa
-
Mpumalanga South Africa
-
Barberton South Africa (1)
-
-
Transvaal region (2)
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Ivory Coast (1)
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic ice sheet (1)
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Antarctic Peninsula (1)
-
East Antarctica (1)
-
South Shetland Islands
-
Deception Island (1)
-
-
Transantarctic Mountains
-
Beardmore Glacier (1)
-
Queen Maud Range (2)
-
-
Victoria Land
-
Allan Hills (1)
-
-
-
Arctic region
-
Russian Arctic (2)
-
-
Asia
-
Central Asia
-
Kazakhstan
-
Aktyubinsk Kazakhstan
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Zhamanshin Crater (1)
-
-
-
-
Far East
-
China
-
South China Block (1)
-
-
Indochina (1)
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Indonesia
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Krakatoa (1)
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Sumatra (1)
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Sunda Strait (1)
-
-
Japan (1)
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Vietnam
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Dalat Vietnam (1)
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-
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
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Kamchatka Peninsula
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Klyuchevskaya Sopka (1)
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Tolbachik (1)
-
-
-
Lena River (1)
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Middle East
-
Iran
-
Elburz (1)
-
-
Turkey
-
Anatolia (1)
-
-
-
Siberia (1)
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Siberian Platform (1)
-
Yakutia Russian Federation (2)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Azores
-
Faial Island
-
Capelinhos (1)
-
-
-
Canary Islands
-
Tenerife (2)
-
-
-
atmosphere (1)
-
Australasia
-
Australia
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Eromanga Basin (1)
-
South Australia
-
Mount Gambier (1)
-
-
Western Australia (1)
-
-
New Zealand
-
Northland New Zealand (1)
-
Otago New Zealand
-
Kakanui (1)
-
-
Taupo volcanic zone (1)
-
-
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
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Maritime Provinces
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New Brunswick (1)
-
-
-
Western Canada
-
Manitoba
-
Snow Lake Manitoba (1)
-
-
Yukon Territory (1)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (4)
-
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
-
Antilles
-
Greater Antilles
-
Cuba
-
Villa Clara Cuba (1)
-
-
-
Lesser Antilles
-
Montserrat Island
-
Soufriere Hills (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
lower Holocene (1)
-
upper Holocene (3)
-
-
Pleistocene
-
upper Pleistocene (2)
-
-
upper Quaternary (2)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
upper Miocene (1)
-
-
Pliocene
-
lower Pliocene (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene (1)
-
Oligocene (1)
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
Danian (1)
-
K-T boundary (2)
-
-
-
-
upper Tertiary (1)
-
-
upper Cenozoic (1)
-
-
Central America
-
Nicaragua
-
Masaya (2)
-
-
-
chemical analysis (1)
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climate change (1)
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construction materials
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cement materials (1)
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insulation materials (1)
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crust (1)
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crystal chemistry (1)
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crystal growth (3)
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crystal structure (1)
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data processing (3)
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deformation (8)
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diagenesis (1)
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diamond deposits (2)
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Earth (1)
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earthquakes (1)
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East Pacific Ocean Islands
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Hawaii
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Hawaii County Hawaii
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Hawaii Island
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Kilauea (1)
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ecology (1)
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Europe
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Central Europe
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Germany
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Baden-Wurttemberg Germany
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Kaiserstuhl (1)
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Southern Europe
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Greece (1)
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Iberian Peninsula
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Spain (2)
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Italy
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Abruzzi Italy (1)
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Apennines (1)
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Campania Italy
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Naples Italy (1)
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Vesuvius (2)
-
-
Latium Italy
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Rome Italy (1)
-
-
Sicily Italy
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Lipari Islands
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Stromboli (2)
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Mount Etna (1)
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Umbria Italy (2)
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Western Europe
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France
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Auvergne (1)
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Puy-de-Dome France
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Chaine des Puys (1)
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Iceland
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Surtsey (2)
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United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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England
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Pennines (1)
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Scotland
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Highland region Scotland
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Sutherland Scotland
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Assynt (1)
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Scottish Highlands
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Scottish Northern Highlands (1)
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explosions (2)
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faults (2)
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folds (2)
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foliation (1)
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fractures (2)
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geochemistry (12)
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geochronology (1)
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geomorphology (2)
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geophysical methods (1)
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geosynclines (1)
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glacial geology (1)
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ground water (1)
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heat flow (1)
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heavy mineral deposits (1)
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ichnofossils (1)
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igneous rocks
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carbonatites (10)
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hypabyssal rocks (1)
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kamafugite (1)
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kimberlite (3)
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
lapilli
Temporary Seismic Network in the Metropolitan Area of Rome (Italy): New Insight on an Urban Seismology Experiment
Material and mechanical properties of young basalt in drill cores from the oceanic island of Surtsey, Iceland
The obscuring effect of magma recharge on the connection of volcanic-plutonic rocks
Products and dynamics of lava-snow explosions: The 16 March 2017 explosion at Mount Etna, Italy
Pyroclastic deposits of Ubehebe Crater, Death Valley, California, USA: Ballistics, pyroclastic surges, and dry granular flows
High-Precision CA-ID-TIMS U-Pb Zircon Geochronology of Felsic Rocks in the Finlayson Lake VMS District, Yukon: Linking Paleozoic Basin-Scale Accumulation Rates to the Occurrence of Subseafloor Replacement-Style Mineralization
Layered sediments on Mars deposited by impacts instead of by liquid water
ABSTRACT Layered deposits on Mars imaged by the three rovers are generally inferred to have been deposited by liquid water (or wind or volcanism), consistent with interpretations based on orbital imaging. This interpretation implies early Mars was warm and wet, despite long-standing problems with modeling this case. As an alternative hypothesis, rapid sediment deposition during Late Noachian impact bombardment followed by local hydration and alteration of sediment by surficial acid condensates and (at least in Gale Crater) by chemically neutral groundwater can explain all the observed sediment features, such as ubiquitous low-angle cross-bedding, primitive basaltic compositions, persistent acidic salts, abundant amorphous materials, immature clays, high friability with low bulk densities, planar scoured unconformities, and rounded cobbles from rock tumbling. In other words, the ground-observed mineralogy, geochemistry, and sedimentology do not require and even are inconsistent with deposition from liquid water. Unlike the Moon, early Mars is believed to have had an atmosphere and water, perhaps mostly frozen. If so, impacts should have formed turbulent ground-hugging impactoclastic density currents capable of traveling hundreds of kilometers, and even globally. As terrestrial analogs, smaller-scale density currents are widespread around explosive volcanoes and nuclear test sites, whereas terrestrial impact analogs are lacking. Steam condensation on particles causes accretionary lapilli to form, grow to a maximum size, and fall out on layered deposits, and similar spherules have been observed by two of three rovers. Explaining these spherules as normal sedimentary concretions at Meridiani Planum required ignoring some of the observations. Ancient sediments on Mars that superficially resemble terrestrial aqueous deposits could therefore actually have resulted from impact cratering, the dominant geologic process in the early solar system.
Triassic Diamondiferous Tuffaceous–Sedimentary Rocks in the Arctic Zone of Siberia
Hot atmospheric formation of carbonate accretionary lapilli at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, Brazos River, Texas, from clumped isotope thermometry
Possible shock-induced crystallization of skeletal quartz from supercritical SiO 2 -H 2 O fluid: A case study of impact melt from Kamil impact crater, Egypt
ABSTRACT A combined petrographic and chemical study of ejecta particles from the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary sequence of El Guayal, Tabasco, Mexico (520 km SW of Chicxulub crater), was carried out to assess their formation conditions and genetic relation during the impact process. The reaction of silicate ejecta particles with hot volatiles during atmospheric transport may have induced alteration processes, e.g., silicification and cementation, observed in the ejecta deposits. The various microstructures of calcite ejecta particles are interpreted to reflect different thermal histories at postshock conditions. Spherulitic calcite particles may represent carbonate melts that were quenched during ejection. A recrystallized microstructure may indicate short, intense thermal stress. Various aggregates document particle-particle interactions and intermixing of components from lower silicate and upper sedimentary target lithologies. Aggregates of recrystallized calcite with silicate melt indicate the consolidation of a hot suevitic component with sediments at ≳750 °C. Accretionary lapilli formed in a turbulent, steam-condensing environment at ~100 °C by aggregation of solid, ash-sized particles. Concentric zones with smaller grain sizes of accreted particles indicate a recurring exchange with a hotter environment. Our results suggest that during partial ejecta plume collapse, hot silicate components were mixed with the fine fraction of local surface-derived sediments, the latter of which were displaced by the preceding ejecta curtain. These processes sustained a hot, gas-driven, lateral basal transport that was accompanied by a turbulent plume at a higher level. The exothermic back-reaction of CaO from decomposed carbonates and sulfates with CO 2 to form CaCO 3 may have been responsible for a prolonged release of thermal energy at a late stage of plume evolution.
The products of primary magma fragmentation finally revealed by pumice agglomerates
Abstract Preserved rocks in the Jurassic Ferrar Large Igneous Province consist mainly of intrusions, and extrusive rocks, the topic of this chapter, comprise the remaining small component. They crop out in a limited number of areas in the Transantarctic Mountains and southeastern Australia. They consist of thick sequences of lavas and sporadic occurrences of volcaniclastic rocks. The latter occur mainly beneath the lavas and represent the initial eruptive activity, but also are present within the lava sequence. The majority are basaltic phreatomagmatic deposits and in at least two locations form immense phreatocauldrons filled with structureless tuff breccias and lapilli tuffs with thicknesses of as much as 400 m. Stratified sequences of tuff breccias, lapilli tuffs and tuffs are up to 200 m thick. Thin tuff beds are sparsely distributed in the lava sequences. Lava successions are mainly 400–500 m thick, and comprise individual lavas ranging from 1 to 230 m thick, although most are in the range of 10–100 m. Well-defined colonnade and entablature are seldom displayed. Lava sequences were confined topographically and locally ponded. Water played a prominent role in eruptive activity, as exhibited by phreatomagmatism, hyaloclastites, pillow lava and quenching of lavas. Vents for lavas have yet to be identified.
Chapter 4.1a Antarctic Peninsula: volcanology
Abstract The Antarctic Peninsula is distinguished by late Neogene volcanic activity related to a series of northerly younging ridge crest–trench collisions and the progressive opening of ‘slab windows’ in the subjacent mantle. The outcrops were amongst the last to be discovered in the region, with many occurrences not visited until the 1970s and 1980s. The volcanism consists of several monogenetic volcanic fields and small isolated centres. It is sodic alkaline to tholeiitic in composition, and ranges in age between 7.7 Ma and present. No eruptions have been observed (with the possible, but dubious, exception of Seal Nunataks in 1893) but very young isotopic ages for some outcrops suggest that future eruptions are a possibility. The eruptions were overwhelmingly glaciovolcanic and the outcrops have been a major source of information on glaciovolcano construction. They have also been highly influential in advancing our understanding of the configuration of the Plio-Pleistocene Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet. However, our knowledge is hindered by a paucity of modern, precise isotopic ages. In particular, there is no obvious relationship between the age of ridge crest–trench collisions and the timing of slab-window volcanism, a puzzle that may only be resolved by new dating.
Abstract Two small monogenetic volcanoes are exposed at Mount Early and Sheridan Bluff, in the upper reaches of Scott Glacier. In addition, the presence of abundant fresh volcanic detritus in moraines at two other localities suggests further associated volcanism, now obscured by the modern Antarctic ice sheet. One of those occurrences has been attributed to a small subglacial volcano only c. 200 km from South Pole, making it the southernmost volcano in the world. All of the volcanic outcrops in the Scott Glacier region are grouped in a newly defined Upper Scott Glacier Volcanic Field, which is part of the McMurdo Volcanic Group (Western Ross Supergroup). The volcanism is early Miocene in age ( c. 25–16 Ma), and the combination of tholeiitic and alkaline mafic compositions differs from the more voluminous alkaline volcanism in the West Antarctic Rift System. The Mount Early volcano was erupted subglacially, when the contemporary ice was considerably thicker than present. By contrast, lithologies associated with the southernmost volcano, currently covered by 1.5 km of modern ice, indicate that it was erupted when any associated ice was either much thinner or absent. The eruptive setting for Sheridan Bluff is uncertain and is still being investigated.
Abstract This study discusses the petrological and geochemical features of two monogenetic Miocene volcanoes, Mount Early and Sheridan Bluff, which are the above-ice expressions of Earth's southernmost volcanic field located at c. 87° S on the East Antarctic Craton. Their geochemistry is compared to basalts from the West Antarctic Rift System to test affiliation and resolve mantle sources and cause of melting beneath East Antarctica. Basaltic lavas and dykes are olivine-phyric and comprise alkaline (hawaiite and mugearite) and subalkaline (tholeiite) types. Trace element abundances and ratios (e.g. La/Yb, Nb/Y, Zr/Y) of alkaline compositions resemble basalts from the West Antarctic rift and ocean islands (OIB), while tholeiites are relatively depleted and approach the concentrations levels of enriched mid-ocean ridge basalt (E-MORB). The magmas evolved by fractional crystallization with contamination by crust; however, neither process can adequately explain the contemporaneous eruption of hawaiite and tholeiite at Sheridan Bluff. Our preferred scenario is that primary magmas of each type were produced by different degrees of partial melting from a compositionally similar mantle source. The nearly simultaneous generation of lower degrees of melting to produce alkaline types and higher degrees of melting forming tholeiite was most likely to have been facilitated by the detachment and dehydration of metasomatized mantle lithosphere.