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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Namib Desert (1)
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Southern Africa
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Karoo Basin (1)
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Namibia (1)
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South Africa (1)
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-
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Asia
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Far East
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China
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Henan China (1)
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Japan
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Honshu
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Miyagi Japan (1)
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Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
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North Sea (1)
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Australasia
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Australia
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Western Australia
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Kambalda Australia (1)
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Ontario
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Hamilton Ontario (1)
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-
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Western Canada
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Alberta (1)
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-
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Europe
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Central Europe
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Switzerland
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Bern Switzerland (1)
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Peace River (1)
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Peninsular Ranges (1)
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South America
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Brazil
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Bauru Basin (1)
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United States
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California
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Los Angeles County California (1)
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San Bernardino County California (1)
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San Gabriel Mountains (1)
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Southern California (1)
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Illinois (1)
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Midwest (1)
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Missouri (1)
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New Madrid region (1)
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commodities
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aggregate (1)
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petroleum
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natural gas (1)
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fossils
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microfossils (1)
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Plantae
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algae
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Microcodium (1)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Holocene (1)
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Pleistocene
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upper Pleistocene
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Wisconsinan (1)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Lower Cretaceous
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Bluesky Formation (1)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Marilia Formation (1)
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Triassic (1)
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Paleozoic
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Permian
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Ecca Group (1)
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Lower Permian
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Leman Sandstone Formation (1)
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-
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Precambrian
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Archean (1)
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-
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igneous rocks
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igneous rocks
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volcanic rocks
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komatiite (2)
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metamorphic rocks
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turbidite (3)
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minerals
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silicates
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framework silicates
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zeolite group
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clinoptilolite (1)
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Primary terms
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Africa
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Namib Desert (1)
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Southern Africa
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Karoo Basin (1)
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Namibia (1)
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South Africa (1)
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-
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Asia
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Far East
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China
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Henan China (1)
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Japan
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Honshu
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Miyagi Japan (1)
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-
-
-
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Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
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North Sea (1)
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-
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Australasia
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Australia
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Western Australia
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Kambalda Australia (1)
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-
-
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Ontario
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Hamilton Ontario (1)
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-
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Western Canada
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Alberta (1)
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-
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Holocene (1)
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Pleistocene
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upper Pleistocene
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Wisconsinan (1)
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-
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clay mineralogy (1)
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dams (1)
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deformation (1)
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earthquakes (1)
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Europe
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Central Europe
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Switzerland
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Bern Switzerland (1)
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-
-
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faults (2)
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foundations (1)
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fractures (3)
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geochemistry (4)
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geophysical methods (1)
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ground water (2)
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hydrology (2)
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igneous rocks
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volcanic rocks
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komatiite (2)
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-
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land use (1)
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lava (1)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Lower Cretaceous
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Bluesky Formation (1)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Marilia Formation (1)
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-
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Triassic (1)
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metasomatism (1)
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ocean floors (1)
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Paleozoic
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Permian
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Ecca Group (1)
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Lower Permian
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Leman Sandstone Formation (1)
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-
-
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petroleum
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natural gas (1)
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petrology (1)
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phase equilibria (1)
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Plantae
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algae
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Microcodium (1)
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-
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pollution (1)
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Precambrian
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Archean (1)
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sedimentary rocks
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carbonate rocks (1)
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clastic rocks
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mudstone (3)
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red beds (1)
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sandstone (4)
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-
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sedimentary structures
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bedding plane irregularities
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ripple marks (2)
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biogenic structures
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bioturbation (2)
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planar bedding structures
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cross-stratification (1)
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laminations (2)
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soft sediment deformation
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clastic dikes (1)
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turbidity current structures (1)
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sedimentation (6)
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sediments
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carbonate sediments (1)
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clastic sediments
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clay (1)
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mud (2)
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sand (5)
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-
marine sediments (1)
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-
soils
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Luvisols (1)
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South America
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Brazil
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Bauru Basin (1)
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-
-
United States
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California
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Los Angeles County California (1)
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San Bernardino County California (1)
-
San Gabriel Mountains (1)
-
Southern California (1)
-
-
Illinois (1)
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Midwest (1)
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Missouri (1)
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New Madrid region (1)
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-
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sedimentary rocks
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calcrete (1)
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sedimentary rocks
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carbonate rocks (1)
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clastic rocks
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mudstone (3)
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red beds (1)
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sandstone (4)
-
-
-
turbidite (3)
-
-
sedimentary structures
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channels (1)
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sedimentary structures
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bedding plane irregularities
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ripple marks (2)
-
-
biogenic structures
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bioturbation (2)
-
-
planar bedding structures
-
cross-stratification (1)
-
laminations (2)
-
-
soft sediment deformation
-
clastic dikes (1)
-
-
turbidity current structures (1)
-
-
-
sediments
-
sediments
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carbonate sediments (1)
-
clastic sediments
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clay (1)
-
mud (2)
-
sand (5)
-
-
marine sediments (1)
-
-
turbidite (3)
-
-
soils
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paleosols (1)
-
soils
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Luvisols (1)
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Vertisols (1)
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laminar flow
Dependence of discharge, channel area, and flow velocity on river stage and a refutation of Manning’s equation
ABSTRACT Field data reveal how the discharge ( Q ), channel area ( A ), and average water velocity ( V avg ) of natural streams functionally depend on the effective stage ( h ) above channel bottom. A graphical technique allows the level that corresponds to a dry channel, denoted “ h 0 ,” to be determined, permitting the dependent variables Q , A , and V avg to all be expressed as simple functions of h , equal to h L – h 0 , where h L is the local stage that is typically reported relative to an arbitrary, site-specific datum. Once h 0 is known, plots of log Q , log A , and log V avg versus log h can be constructed using available data. These plots define strong, nearly linear trends for which the slopes (1) quantify the power relationships among these variables; (2) show that V avg varies nearly linearly with h , unlike behaviors assumed in the Chezy and Manning equations; (3) distinguish the individual contributions of A and V avg to discharge, which is their product; (4) provide quantitative means with which to compare different sites; and (5) offer new insights into the character and dynamics of natural streams.