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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Asia
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Far East
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China
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Tarim Platform (1)
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Xizang China
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Lhasa Block (3)
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Ganges River (1)
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Himalayas
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Garhwal Himalayas (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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Uttarakhand India
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Indus Basin (1)
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Indus Valley (4)
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Jammu and Kashmir
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Jammu (2)
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Ladakh (103)
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Nanga Parbat (2)
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Kohistan (11)
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Nepal (2)
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Pakistan
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Punjab Pakistan
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Salt Range (1)
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Indus River (9)
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Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (15)
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Karakoram (23)
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Main Central Thrust (2)
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Qiangtang Terrane (2)
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Tibetan Plateau (3)
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elements, isotopes
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boron (1)
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carbon
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halogens
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bromine (1)
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isotope ratios (7)
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isotopes
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Al-26 (1)
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Be-10 (4)
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C-14 (1)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (3)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
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stable isotopes
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C-13/C-12 (1)
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
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O-18/O-16 (1)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (3)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (4)
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Lu/Hf (1)
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metals
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alkaline earth metals
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beryllium
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Be-10 (4)
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (4)
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aluminum
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Al-26 (1)
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hafnium
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
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lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (3)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
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platinum group (1)
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rare earths
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neodymium
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
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samarium
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
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nitrogen (1)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (1)
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fossils
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Pisces
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Chondrichthyes (1)
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Tetrapoda
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Mammalia
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Theria
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Eutheria
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Perissodactyla
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Ceratomorpha (1)
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Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Mandibulata
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Crustacea
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Ostracoda
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Podocopida
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Cypridocopina
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Cyprididae
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Candona (1)
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Trilobitomorpha
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Porifera
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Demospongea (1)
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Protista
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Foraminifera
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Radiolaria (1)
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microfossils (4)
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Plantae
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Coniferales
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Pinaceae
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geochronology methods
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Paleogene
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lower Paleogene (1)
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upper Oligocene (2)
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Mesozoic
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spinel peridotite (1)
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pyroxenite (1)
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volcanic rocks
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andesites (2)
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basalts
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mid-ocean ridge basalts (2)
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ocean-island basalts (1)
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rhyolites (1)
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ophiolite (14)
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metamorphic rocks
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amphibolites (3)
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gneisses
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augen gneiss (1)
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orthogneiss (1)
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granulites (2)
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marbles (1)
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metabasite (2)
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metagranite (1)
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serpentinite (2)
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metasedimentary rocks
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metapelite (1)
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metasomatic rocks
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migmatites (6)
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schists
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ophiolite (14)
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minerals
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phosphates
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pyroxene group
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clinopyroxene
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omphacite (2)
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framework silicates
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alkali feldspar
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K-feldspar (1)
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myrmekite (1)
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silica minerals
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quartz
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orthosilicates
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majorite (1)
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zircon (18)
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ring silicates
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tourmaline group
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dravite (1)
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schorl (1)
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sheet silicates
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mica group
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biotite (1)
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Primary terms
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absolute age (27)
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Asia
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Far East
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China
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Tarim Platform (1)
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Xizang China
-
Lhasa Block (3)
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-
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Ganges River (1)
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Himalayas
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Garhwal Himalayas (1)
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High Himalayan Crystallines (1)
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Kumaun Himalayas (1)
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Nanga Parbat (2)
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Zanskar Range (7)
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Indian Peninsula
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India
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Himachal Pradesh India (1)
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Sikkim India (1)
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Uttarakhand India
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Garhwal Himalayas (1)
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Indus Basin (1)
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Indus Valley (4)
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Jammu and Kashmir
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Jammu (2)
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Kashmir (1)
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Ladakh (103)
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Nanga Parbat (2)
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Kohistan (11)
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Nepal (2)
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Pakistan
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Punjab Pakistan
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Salt Range (1)
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Indus River (9)
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Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (15)
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Karakoram (23)
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Main Central Thrust (2)
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Qiangtang Terrane (2)
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Tibetan Plateau (3)
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biogeography (1)
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boron (1)
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (1)
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C-14 (1)
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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Neoglacial (1)
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upper Holocene (1)
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Pleistocene
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upper Pleistocene (2)
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upper Quaternary (6)
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Siwalik System (1)
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Tertiary
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lower Tertiary (2)
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Neogene
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Miocene
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lower Miocene (3)
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middle Miocene
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Serravallian (1)
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upper Miocene
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Chinji Formation (1)
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-
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Paleogene
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Eocene
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lower Eocene
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Ypresian (1)
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-
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lower Paleogene (1)
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Oligocene
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upper Oligocene (2)
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Paleocene
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lower Paleocene
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Danian (1)
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upper Paleocene (1)
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-
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Pisces
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Chondrichthyes (1)
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Tetrapoda
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Mammalia
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Theria
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Eutheria
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Perissodactyla
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Ceratomorpha (1)
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climate change (1)
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crust (15)
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data processing (1)
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faults (26)
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glacial geology (3)
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heat flow (2)
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hydrology (2)
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igneous rocks
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plutonic rocks
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diorites
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tonalite (1)
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gabbros (4)
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granites
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leucogranite (3)
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granodiorites (2)
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pegmatite (1)
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ultramafics
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peridotites
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harzburgite (2)
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spinel peridotite (1)
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pyroxenite (1)
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volcanic rocks
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andesites (2)
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basalts
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mid-ocean ridge basalts (2)
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rhyolites (1)
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inclusions
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intrusions (22)
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Invertebrata
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Ostracoda
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Podocopida
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Candona (1)
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Trilobitomorpha
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Trilobita (1)
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Brachiopoda (1)
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Mollusca
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Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea (1)
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Porifera
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Demospongea (1)
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Protista
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Foraminifera
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Rotaliina
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Globigerinacea
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Globotruncanidae
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Globotruncana (1)
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Rotaliacea
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Nummulitidae (1)
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Radiolaria (1)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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Al-26 (1)
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Be-10 (4)
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C-14 (1)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (3)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
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-
stable isotopes
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C-13/C-12 (1)
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
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O-18/O-16 (1)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (3)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (4)
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lava (1)
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magmas (9)
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mantle (7)
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maps (1)
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Mesozoic
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Bela Ophiolites (1)
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Cretaceous
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Lower Cretaceous
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Albian (1)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Campanian (1)
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upper Maestrichtian (1)
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Senonian (2)
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Jurassic
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Middle Jurassic (1)
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Upper Jurassic (1)
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metals
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alkaline earth metals
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beryllium
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Be-10 (4)
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (4)
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aluminum
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Al-26 (1)
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hafnium
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
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lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (3)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
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platinum group (1)
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rare earths
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neodymium
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
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samarium
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
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metamorphic rocks
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amphibolites (3)
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eclogite (13)
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gneisses
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augen gneiss (1)
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orthogneiss (1)
-
-
granulites (2)
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marbles (1)
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metaigneous rocks
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metabasite (2)
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metagranite (1)
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serpentinite (2)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
metapelite (1)
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-
metasomatic rocks
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serpentinite (2)
-
-
migmatites (6)
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mylonites (4)
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schists
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blueschist (1)
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metamorphism (22)
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Mohorovicic discontinuity (1)
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nitrogen (1)
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ocean floors (1)
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orogeny (10)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (1)
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paleoclimatology (4)
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paleoecology (1)
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paleogeography (5)
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paleontology (1)
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Upper Cambrian (1)
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Carboniferous
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Lower Carboniferous
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Dinantian (1)
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Mississippian (1)
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Ordovician
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Lower Ordovician (1)
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Permian (2)
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petrology (1)
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phase equilibria (1)
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Plantae
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Spermatophyta
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Gymnospermae
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Coniferales
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Pinaceae
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Pinus (1)
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plate tectonics (32)
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remote sensing (4)
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sedimentary petrology (2)
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sedimentary rocks
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carbonate rocks
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limestone (2)
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chemically precipitated rocks
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chert (1)
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clastic rocks
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red beds (2)
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sedimentary structures
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soft sediment deformation
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sedimentation (5)
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sediments
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clastic sediments
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slope stability (2)
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stratigraphy (7)
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structural analysis (5)
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structural geology (12)
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tectonics
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neotectonics (1)
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tectonophysics (5)
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sedimentary rocks
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flysch (2)
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molasse (6)
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sedimentary rocks
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carbonate rocks
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limestone (2)
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chemically precipitated rocks
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chert (1)
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clastic rocks
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black shale (1)
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red beds (2)
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volcaniclastics (3)
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sedimentary structures
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boudinage (1)
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channels (3)
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sedimentary structures
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seismites (1)
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soft sediment deformation
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olistoliths (1)
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-
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-
sediments
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sediments
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clastic sediments
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sand (1)
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volcaniclastics (3)
-
Ladakh
The origin of the ultrahigh-pressure Tso Morari complex, NW Himalaya: implication for early Paleozoic rifting
Lattice preferred orientation of quartz in granitic gneisses from Tso Morari Crystalline Complex, Eastern Ladakh, trans-Himalaya: evaluating effect of Dauphiné twin in dynamic recrystallization during exhumation
Nature of the Shyok (Northern) Suture Zone between India and Asia: petrology, geochemistry and origin of the Tirit granitoids and associated dykes (Nubra Valley Ladakh Himalaya, NW India)
The emplacement, alteration, subduction and metamorphism of metagranites from the Tso Morari Complex, Ladakh Himalaya
Tso Morari Eclogites, Eastern Ladakh: Isotopic and Elemental Constraints on Their Protolith, Genesis, and Tectonic Setting
Electron Backscatter Diffraction Study of Ultrahigh-Pressure Tso Morari Eclogites (Trans-Himalayan Collisional Zone): Implications for Strain Regime Transition from Constrictional to Plane Strain during Exhumation
First report of Acanthochaetetes (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Cretaceous Khalsi Formation, Ladakh Himalaya, India
Tracing Late-Stage Fluid Sources and Vein Formation within Ophiolitic Mélanges from the Indus Suture Zone, Ladakh Himalaya
Jurassic–Cretaceous arc magmatism along the Shyok–Bangong Suture of NW Himalaya: formation of the peri-Gondwana basement to the Ladakh Arc
ABSTRACT The southeast Ladakh (India) area displays one of the best-preserved ophiolite sections in this planet, in places up to 10 km thick, along the southern bank of the Indus River. Recently, in situ, ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) mineralogical evidence from the mantle transition zone (MTZ; ~410–660 km) with diamond and reduced fluids were discovered from two peridotite bodies in the basal mantle part of this Indus ophiolite. Ultrahigh-pressure phases were also found by early workers from podiform chromitites of another coeval Neo-Tethyan ophiolite in southern Tibet. However, the MTZ phases in the Indus ophiolite are found in silicate peridotites, but not in metallic chromitites, and the peridotitic UHP phases show systematic and contiguous phase transitions from the MTZ to shallower depth, unlike the discrete UHP inclusions, all in Tibetan chromitites. We observe consistent change in oxygen fugacity ( f O 2 ) and fluid composition from (C-H + H 2 ) to (CO 2 + H 2 O) in the upwelling peridotitic mantle, causing melting to produce mid-ocean-ridge basalt (MORB). At shallow depths (<100 km) the free water stabilizes into hydrous phases, such as pargasitic amphibole, capable of storing water and preventing melting. Our discoveries provide unique insights into deep sub-oceanic-mantle processes, and link deep-mantle upwelling and MORB genesis. Moreover, the tectonic setting of Neo-Tethyan ophiolites has been a difficult problem since the birth of the plate-tectonics concept. This problem for the origin of ophiolites in mid-ocean-ridge versus supra-subduction zone settings clearly confused the findings from Indus ophiolites. However, in this contribution, we provide arguments in favor of mid-ocean-ridge origin for Indus ophiolite. In addition, we venture to revisit the “historical contingency” model of E.M. Moores and others for Neo-Tethyan ophiolite genesis based on the available evidence and have found that our new results strongly support the “historical contingency” model.
(U-Th)/He Thermochronology of the Indus Group, Ladakh, Northwest India: Is Neogene Cooling a Continental-Scale Thermal Event in the India-Asia Collision Zone?
Late Pleistocene–Holocene flood history, flood-sediment provenance and human imprints from the upper Indus River catchment, Ladakh Himalaya
Late Quaternary Glacier Fluctuations in the NW Himalaya: Evolving Perspectives
Petrological and geochemical characterization of the arc-related Suru–Thasgam ophiolitic slice along the Indus Suture Zone, Ladakh Himalaya
Detrital zircon provenance of the Indus Group, Ladakh, NW India: Implications for the timing of the India-Asia collision and other syn-orogenic processes
Unroofing the Ladakh Batholith: constraints from autochthonous molasse of the Indus Basin, NW Himalaya
Closure of India–Asia collision margin along the Shyok Suture Zone in the eastern Karakoram: new geochemical and zircon U–Pb geochronological observations
Grain Size Analysis of Dune and Bar Sediments of the Shyok River between Khalsar and Hunder Village, Karakoram Range, Ladakh, India
Timing of subduction initiation, arc formation, ophiolite obduction and India–Asia collision in the Himalaya
Abstract Reconstruction of the Western Himalaya requires three subduction systems operating beneath the Spong arc, Dras–Kohistan arc and the Asian continent during the Late Cretaceous–Paleocene. The timing of the closure of the Neo-Tethys Ocean along the Indus Suture Zone (ISZ) in Ladakh and south Tibet has been proposed to be as old as c. 65 Ma and as young as c. 37 Ma. The definition of the India–Asia collision can span >15 myr from the first touching of Indian continental crust with Asian crust to the final marine sedimentation between the two plates. There is good geological evidence for a Late Cretaceous–Early Paleocene phase of folding, thrusting and crustal thickening of Indian Plate shelf carbonates associated with obduction of ophiolites. There is no geological evidence of any oceanic ‘Greater Indian Basin’ separating the northern Tethyan and Greater Himalaya from India. There is clear evidence to support final ending of marine sedimentation along the ISZ at 50 Ma (planktonic foraminifera zone P7–P8). There is no evidence for diachroneity of collision along the Pakistan–Ladakh–South Tibet Himalaya. The timing of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism cannot be used to constrain India–Asia collision, and the timing of high-grade kyanite- and sillimanite-grade metamorphism along the Greater Himalaya can only give a minimum age of collision.
The plutonic crust of Kohistan and volcanic crust of Kohistan–Ladakh, north Pakistan/India: lessons learned for deep and shallow arc processes
Abstract The Kohistan–Ladakh terrane, northern Pakistan/India, offers a unique insight into whole-arc processes. This research review presents summaries of fundamental crustal genesis and evolution models. Earlier work focused on arc sequence definition. Later work focused on holistic petrogenesis. A new model emerges of an unusually thick ( c. 55 km) arc with a c. 30 km-thick batholith. Volatile-rich, hornblende ± garnet ± sediment assimilation-controlled magmatism is predominant. The thick batholith has a complementary mafic–ultramafic residue. Kohistan crustal SiO 2 contents are estimated at >56%. The new-Kohistan, silicic-crust model contrasts with previous lower SiO 2 estimates ( c. 51% SiO 2 crust) and modern arcs that imply <35 km crustal thicknesses and arc batholith thicknesses of c. 7 km. A synthetic overview of Kohistan–Ladakh volcanic rocks presents a model of an older, cleaved/deformed Cretaceous volcanic system at least 800 km across strike. The Jaglot–Chalt–Dras–Shyok volcanics exhibit predominant tholeiitic-calc-alkaline signatures, with a range of arc-related facies/tectonic settings. A younger, post-collisional, Tertiary silicic volcanic system (the Shamran–Dir–Dras-2–Khardung volcanics) lie unconformably upon Cretaceous basement, and erupted within an intra-continental tectonic setting. Kohistan–Ladakh tectonic model controversies remain. In essence, isotope-focused researchers prefer later (Tertiary) collisions, whilst structural field-geology-orientated researchers prefer an older (Cretaceous) age for the Northern/Shyok Suture.