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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Southern Africa
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Kalahari Craton (1)
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Antarctica
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Coats Land (1)
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East Antarctica (1)
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Ontario
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Algoma District Ontario
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Mamainse Point (7)
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Batchawana Bay (2)
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Thunder Bay District Ontario
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Lake Nipigon (1)
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Europe
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Central Europe
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Poland (1)
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North America
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Canadian Shield
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Superior Province
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Wabigoon Belt (2)
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Wawa Belt (1)
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Great Lakes
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Lake Superior (10)
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Great Lakes region (20)
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Keweenawan Rift (12)
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Michigan Basin (2)
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Permian Basin (1)
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United States
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Iowa (2)
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Michigan
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Baraga County Michigan (1)
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Gogebic County Michigan (1)
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Houghton County Michigan (5)
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Keweenaw County Michigan
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Isle Royale National Park (1)
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Keweenaw Peninsula (12)
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Marquette County Michigan
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Marquette Range (1)
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Ontonagon County Michigan
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White Pine Michigan (3)
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Midcontinent (5)
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Midcontinent geophysical anomaly (2)
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Midwest (1)
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Minnesota
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Anoka County Minnesota (1)
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Carlton County Minnesota (2)
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Chisago County Minnesota (1)
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Cook County Minnesota (2)
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Dakota County Minnesota (2)
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Duluth Complex (1)
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Lake County Minnesota (3)
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Pine County Minnesota (1)
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Ramsey County Minnesota (1)
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Wisconsin
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Yavapai Province (1)
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White Pine Mine (3)
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commodities
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bitumens (2)
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brines (3)
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metal ores
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copper ores (15)
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gold ores (1)
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iron ores (1)
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molybdenum ores (1)
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silver ores (1)
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mineral deposits, genesis (17)
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mineral exploration (1)
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elements, isotopes
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isotopes
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
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stable isotopes
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
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metals
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actinides
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thorium (1)
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alkali metals
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lithium (1)
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rubidium (1)
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sodium (1)
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alkaline earth metals
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magnesium (1)
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
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chromium (1)
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cobalt (1)
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copper (6)
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hafnium (1)
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iron (1)
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lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
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nickel (1)
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rare earths
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cerium (1)
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europium (1)
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lanthanum (1)
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lutetium (1)
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neodymium
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
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samarium (1)
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scandium (1)
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ytterbium (1)
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trace metals (1)
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fossils
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Plantae
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geochronology methods
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Ar/Ar (1)
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paleomagnetism (22)
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Pb/Pb (2)
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Rb/Sr (4)
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Sm/Nd (1)
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U/Pb (4)
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U/Th/Pb (1)
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geologic age
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Upper Cambrian
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Mount Simon Sandstone (1)
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Ordovician
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Middle Ordovician
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Decorah Shale (1)
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Precambrian
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Archean (3)
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Nonesuch Shale (5)
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North Shore Volcanics (4)
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Osler Series (1)
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Baraga Group (1)
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Keweenawan
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Copper Harbor Conglomerate (14)
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Portage Lake Lava Series (14)
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Mesoproterozoic
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Freda Sandstone (3)
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Negaunee Iron Formation (1)
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Neoproterozoic (9)
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Oronto Group (6)
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Paleoproterozoic (1)
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igneous rocks
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extrusive rocks (1)
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volcanic rocks
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flood basalts (1)
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olivine tholeiite (1)
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quartz latite (1)
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metamorphic rocks
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gneisses (1)
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metasedimentary rocks
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metavolcanic rocks (4)
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schists
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minerals
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carbonates
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calcite (1)
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minerals (4)
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native elements (3)
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oxides
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spinel (1)
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ulvospinel (1)
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silicates
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chain silicates
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pyroxene group
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clinopyroxene (1)
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orthosilicates
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nesosilicates
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garnet group (1)
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olivine group
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olivine (1)
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titanite group
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titanite (1)
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zircon group
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zircon (6)
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sorosilicates
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pumpellyite group
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pumpellyite (1)
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sheet silicates (1)
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sulfides (1)
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Primary terms
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absolute age (12)
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Africa
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Southern Africa
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Kalahari Craton (1)
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Antarctica
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Coats Land (1)
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East Antarctica (1)
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bitumens (2)
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brines (3)
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Ontario
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Algoma District Ontario
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Mamainse Point (7)
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Batchawana Bay (2)
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Sudbury Basin (1)
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Thunder Bay District Ontario
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Lake Nipigon (1)
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continental drift (3)
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crust (7)
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crystal growth (1)
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deformation (1)
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Earth (1)
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Europe
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faults (10)
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ground water (2)
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heat flow (2)
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igneous rocks
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carbonatites (2)
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granophyre (1)
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picrite (2)
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plutonic rocks
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anorthosite (1)
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diabase (3)
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gabbros (2)
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granites (2)
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lamprophyres (1)
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ultramafics (1)
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volcanic rocks
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andesites (1)
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basalts
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flood basalts (1)
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olivine basalt (1)
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olivine tholeiite (1)
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quartz latite (1)
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rhyolites (3)
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inclusions
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fluid inclusions (3)
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intrusions (11)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
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stable isotopes
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
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lava (13)
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maps (3)
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metal ores
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metals
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actinides
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alkali metals
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sodium (1)
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alkaline earth metals
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magnesium (1)
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
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chromium (1)
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cobalt (1)
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copper (6)
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hafnium (1)
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iron (1)
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lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
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nickel (1)
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rare earths
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neodymium
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samarium (1)
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terbium (1)
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ytterbium (1)
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tantalum (1)
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zinc (1)
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zirconium (1)
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metamorphic rocks
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amphibolites (1)
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gneisses (1)
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granulites (1)
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metaigneous rocks
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metabasalt (2)
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metasedimentary rocks
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metaconglomerate (1)
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metavolcanic rocks (4)
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schists
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greenschist (1)
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metamorphism (6)
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mineral deposits, genesis (17)
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mineralogy (4)
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minerals (4)
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Mohorovicic discontinuity (1)
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North America
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Canadian Shield
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Great Lakes
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Great Lakes region (20)
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Mount Simon Sandstone (1)
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Ordovician
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Decorah Shale (1)
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Plantae
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plate tectonics (5)
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Baraga Group (1)
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Keweenawan
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Copper Harbor Conglomerate (14)
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Portage Lake Lava Series (14)
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Mesoproterozoic
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Freda Sandstone (3)
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Negaunee Iron Formation (1)
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Oronto Group (6)
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Paleoproterozoic (1)
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sea-level changes (1)
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sedimentary structures
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United States
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Isle Royale National Park (1)
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Keweenaw Peninsula (12)
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Marquette County Michigan
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Marquette Range (1)
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Ontonagon County Michigan
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Midcontinent (5)
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Midcontinent geophysical anomaly (2)
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Duluth Complex (1)
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Yavapai Province (1)
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well-logging (1)
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rock formations
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Jacobsville Sandstone (2)
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clastic rocks
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conglomerate (5)
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siltstone (1)
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sedimentary structures
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sedimentary structures
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sediments
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soils
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Keweenawan
Detached structural model of the Keweenaw fault system, Lake Superior region, North America: Implications for its origin and relationship to the Midcontinent Rift System
Paleomagnetism of the native copper mineralization, Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan
Failed rifting and fast drifting: Midcontinent Rift development, Laurentia’s rapid motion and the driver of Grenvillian orogenesis
Magnetization age from paleomagnetism of the Copper Harbor red beds, Northern Michigan, USA, and its Keweenawan geologic consequences
MACROSCOPIC STRUCTURES IN THE 1.1 Ga CONTINENTAL COPPER HARBOR FORMATION: CONCRETIONS OR FOSSILS?
What lies beneath: geophysical mapping of a concealed Precambrian intrusive complex along the Iowa–Minnesota border
LATENT THERMAL EFFECTS FROM PORCUPINE VOLCANICS CALDERAS UNDERLYING THE WHITE PINE-PRESQUE ISLE STRATIFORM COPPER MINERALIZATION, NORTHERN MICHIGAN
Detrital Zircon Provenance of the Mesoproterozoic Midcontinent Rift, Lake Superior Region, U.S.A.
Coats Land crustal block, East Antarctica: A tectonic tracer for Laurentia?
Classic Precambrian geology of northeast Minnesota
ABSTRACT This field trip is an overview of Precambrian terranes in northeastern Minnesota using some of the most illustrative and accessible exposures—the term "classic" refers to the fact that many were the basis for earliest geologic study of the Precambrian and continue to be exemplary. The geology is presented in the context of major orogenic, rifting, and meteorite impact events during evolution of the North American continent. The Archean rocks are the products of three periods of orogenesis: the ca. 2695 Ma Shebandowanian orogeny that created major folds and thrust stacks; the ca. 2680 Ma Minnesotan orogeny that produced regional transpressive fabrics, folds, and metamorphism to greenschist-amphibolite grade; and a third event that produced localized faulting and folding of earlier structures and fabrics. The Sheban-dowanian may represent collision of the Wawa subprovince with the composite Superior superterrane to the north. The Minnesotan can be attributed to oblique collision of the Minnesota River Valley subprovince with the Superior superterrane. Structures bounding major components of the Superior Province are locally inferred to be thrust faults that formed during terrane assembly. Their vergence and offset histories are derived from seismic surveys in Minnesota and extrapolation from Lithoprobe and NATMAP transects in adjacent Canada. The Paleoproterozoic rocks are the products of three orogenic and rifting events, reflecting continued continental growth at Geons 18, 17, and 16. Mesoproterozoic rocks result from Geon 11 continental rifting, producing volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Keweenawan Supergroup and plutonic rocks of the Midcontinent Rift Intrusive Supersuite.