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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Asia
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Indian Peninsula
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India
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Cauvery Basin (1)
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-
-
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Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
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English Channel (1)
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Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Shetland Islands (1)
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Chalk Aquifer (1)
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Europe
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Southern Europe
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Italy
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Apennines (1)
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Umbria Italy
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Perugia Italy
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Gubbio Italy (2)
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Western Europe
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France
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Alpes-de-Haute Provence France (1)
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Drome France (1)
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Hautes-Alpes France (1)
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Paris Basin (1)
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Pas-de-Calais France
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Seine-et-Marne France (1)
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Ireland (2)
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Scandinavia
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United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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England
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Derbyshire England (1)
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Dorset England (2)
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Essex England (4)
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Hampshire England (2)
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Isle of Wight England (3)
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Kent England
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Folkestone England (14)
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Isle of Sheppey (3)
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Lancashire England (1)
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London Basin (7)
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London England (1)
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Northamptonshire England (1)
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Oxfordshire England (1)
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Somerset England (2)
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Sussex England
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East Sussex England (2)
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Wessex Basin (1)
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Worcestershire England (1)
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Yorkshire England
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North Yorkshire England (1)
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Scotland
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Hebrides
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Inner Hebrides
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Isle of Skye (1)
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Highland region Scotland
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Inverness-shire Scotland
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Isle of Skye (1)
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Shetland Islands (1)
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Wales
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Anglesey Wales (1)
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South Wales (2)
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Storegga Slide (3)
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Thames Estuary (1)
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Thames River (2)
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United States
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Texas
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Tarrant County Texas
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Fort Worth Texas (2)
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commodities
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geothermal energy (1)
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elements, isotopes
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (9)
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C-14 (2)
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hydrogen
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deuterium (1)
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isotope ratios (7)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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C-14 (2)
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stable isotopes
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C-13/C-12 (9)
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deuterium (1)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
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O-18/O-16 (8)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
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metals
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alkaline earth metals
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calcium
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Mg/Ca (1)
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Sr/Ca (1)
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magnesium
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Mg/Ca (1)
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strontium
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Sr/Ca (1)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
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-
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rare earths
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neodymium
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
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noble gases
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radon (1)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (8)
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-
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fossils
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Pisces
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Osteichthyes (1)
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Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Mandibulata
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Crustacea
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Ostracoda
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Podocopida
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Cytherocopina
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Cytheracea
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Cyprideis (2)
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Brachiopoda (1)
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Cnidaria
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Anthozoa (1)
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Mollusca
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Bivalvia
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Pterioida
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Pteriina
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Inocerami
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Inoceramidae (2)
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Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea
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Ammonites (1)
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Desmoceratida (1)
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Gastropoda (1)
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Protista
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Foraminifera
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Rotaliina (1)
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lichens (1)
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microfossils
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Chitinozoa (1)
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palynomorphs
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acritarchs (1)
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Chitinozoa (1)
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Dinoflagellata (1)
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miospores
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pollen (1)
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-
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Plantae
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algae
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Epiphyton (1)
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nannofossils (2)
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-
Pteridophyta (1)
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Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae (1)
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problematic fossils (1)
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thallophytes (1)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Holocene (2)
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Pleistocene
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upper Pleistocene
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Devensian (2)
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Hoxnian (1)
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Weichselian
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upper Weichselian
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Younger Dryas (1)
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-
-
-
-
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Tertiary
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Paleogene
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Eocene
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lower Eocene
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Ypresian
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London Clay (6)
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-
-
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Paleocene
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lower Paleocene
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K-T boundary (1)
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-
-
-
-
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Lower Cretaceous
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Albian
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upper Albian (2)
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Aptian (1)
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Gault Clay (1)
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-
Lower Greensand (2)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Campanian (2)
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Cenomanian
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upper Cenomanian (1)
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Coniacian (1)
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K-T boundary (1)
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Senonian (2)
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Turonian (6)
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-
-
-
MIS 11 (1)
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Paleozoic
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Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous
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Dinantian (1)
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Upper Carboniferous
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Westphalian (1)
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-
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Ordovician (1)
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-
-
minerals
-
halides
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chlorides (1)
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nitrates (1)
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silicates
-
framework silicates
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silica minerals
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quartz (1)
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-
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sheet silicates
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mica group
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glauconite (1)
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-
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Primary terms
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absolute age (2)
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Asia
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Indian Peninsula
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India
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Cauvery Basin (1)
-
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
-
English Channel (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Shetland Islands (1)
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (9)
-
C-14 (2)
-
-
catalogs (1)
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene (2)
-
Pleistocene
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Devensian (2)
-
Hoxnian (1)
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Younger Dryas (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
lower Eocene
-
Ypresian
-
London Clay (6)
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-
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Pisces
-
Osteichthyes (1)
-
-
-
-
climate change (3)
-
crust (2)
-
dams (1)
-
data processing (1)
-
deformation (1)
-
diagenesis (2)
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earthquakes (8)
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ecology (1)
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economic geology (1)
-
engineering geology (8)
-
Europe
-
Southern Europe
-
Italy
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Apennines (1)
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Umbria Italy
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Perugia Italy
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Gubbio Italy (2)
-
-
-
-
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Alpes-de-Haute Provence France (1)
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Drome France (1)
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Hautes-Alpes France (1)
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Paris Basin (1)
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Pas-de-Calais France
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Boulonnais (1)
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Seine-et-Marne France (1)
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Vocontian Trough (1)
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Ireland (2)
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Scandinavia
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Denmark (1)
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United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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England
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Cambridgeshire England (1)
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Cornwall England
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Isles of Scilly (1)
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Derbyshire England (1)
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Devon England (1)
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Dorset England (2)
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Essex England (4)
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Hampshire England (2)
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Isle of Wight England (3)
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Kent England
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Folkestone England (14)
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Isle of Sheppey (3)
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Lancashire England (1)
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London Basin (7)
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London England (1)
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Northamptonshire England (1)
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Oxfordshire England (1)
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Somerset England (2)
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Sussex England
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East Sussex England (2)
-
-
Wessex Basin (1)
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Worcestershire England (1)
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Yorkshire England
-
North Yorkshire England (1)
-
-
-
Scotland
-
Hebrides
-
Inner Hebrides
-
Isle of Skye (1)
-
-
-
Highland region Scotland
-
Inverness-shire Scotland
-
Isle of Skye (1)
-
-
-
Shetland Islands (1)
-
-
Wales
-
Anglesey Wales (1)
-
South Wales (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
explosions (1)
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faults (4)
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folds (1)
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foundations (2)
-
fractures (1)
-
geochemistry (2)
-
geochronology (1)
-
geomorphology (1)
-
geophysical methods (4)
-
geothermal energy (1)
-
glacial geology (2)
-
ground water (6)
-
hydrogen
-
deuterium (1)
-
-
hydrogeology (2)
-
hydrology (1)
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Ostracoda
-
Podocopida
-
Cytherocopina
-
Cytheracea
-
Cyprideis (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Brachiopoda (1)
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa (1)
-
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia
-
Pterioida
-
Pteriina
-
Inocerami
-
Inoceramidae (2)
-
-
-
-
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
-
Ammonites (1)
-
Desmoceratida (1)
-
-
-
Gastropoda (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Rotaliina (1)
-
-
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
C-14 (2)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (9)
-
deuterium (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (8)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
land subsidence (1)
-
lichens (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian
-
upper Albian (2)
-
-
Aptian (1)
-
Gault Clay (1)
-
-
Lower Greensand (2)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Campanian (2)
-
Cenomanian
-
upper Cenomanian (1)
-
-
Coniacian (1)
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
Senonian (2)
-
Turonian (6)
-
-
-
-
metals
-
alkaline earth metals
-
calcium
-
Mg/Ca (1)
-
Sr/Ca (1)
-
-
magnesium
-
Mg/Ca (1)
-
-
strontium
-
Sr/Ca (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
-
-
-
meteorology (1)
-
micropaleontology (1)
-
mining geology (1)
-
noble gases
-
radon (1)
-
-
ocean circulation (1)
-
ocean waves (1)
-
orogeny (1)
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (8)
-
-
paleoclimatology (7)
-
paleoecology (4)
-
paleogeography (2)
-
paleontology (5)
-
Paleozoic
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (1)
-
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Westphalian (1)
-
-
-
Ordovician (1)
-
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (1)
-
Chitinozoa (1)
-
Dinoflagellata (1)
-
miospores
-
pollen (1)
-
-
-
permafrost (1)
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
Epiphyton (1)
-
nannofossils (2)
-
-
Pteridophyta (1)
-
Spermatophyta
-
Angiospermae (1)
-
-
-
pollution (1)
-
problematic fossils (1)
-
roads (2)
-
rock mechanics (3)
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sea water (1)
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sea-level changes (3)
-
sedimentary petrology (1)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
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chalk (8)
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limestone (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
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bentonite (1)
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marl (4)
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mudstone (1)
-
sandstone (1)
-
-
coal
-
lignite (1)
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
planar bedding structures
-
laminations (1)
-
rhythmic bedding (1)
-
-
-
sedimentation (2)
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
alluvium (1)
-
boulders (1)
-
clay (6)
-
gravel (2)
-
loess (5)
-
pebbles (1)
-
sand (2)
-
shingle (1)
-
silt (2)
-
-
peat (1)
-
-
shorelines (1)
-
slope stability (9)
-
soil mechanics (10)
-
soils (4)
-
stratigraphy (6)
-
structural analysis (1)
-
tectonics
-
neotectonics (1)
-
-
thallophytes (1)
-
tunnels (4)
-
United States
-
Texas
-
Tarrant County Texas
-
Fort Worth Texas (2)
-
-
-
-
volcanology (1)
-
well-logging (1)
-
-
rock formations
-
Scaglia Formation (1)
-
-
sedimentary rocks
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
chalk (8)
-
limestone (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
bentonite (1)
-
marl (4)
-
mudstone (1)
-
sandstone (1)
-
-
coal
-
lignite (1)
-
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
sedimentary structures
-
planar bedding structures
-
laminations (1)
-
rhythmic bedding (1)
-
-
-
-
sediments
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
alluvium (1)
-
boulders (1)
-
clay (6)
-
gravel (2)
-
loess (5)
-
pebbles (1)
-
sand (2)
-
shingle (1)
-
silt (2)
-
-
peat (1)
-
-
-
soils
-
soils (4)
-
Kent England
Planktonic foraminifera document palaeoceanographic changes across the middle Cenomanian carbon-isotope excursion MCE 1: new evidence from the UK chalk
Hydrogeochemical indications of regional flow in the Lower Greensand aquifer of the London Basin
Late Cenomanian-Turonian isotopic stratigraphy in the chalk of the Paris Basin (France): a reference section between the Tethyan and Boreal realms
Development of the ground model in an area of significant faulting and periglacial legacy: case study from Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent
Taxonomic Re-Examination of the Late Cretaceous Planktonic Foraminiferal Species Archaeoglobigerina Cretacea (d'Orbigny, 1840) and Constraints on Its Morphologic Variability and Stratigraphic Distribution in One of The Type Localities (Kent, SE England)
Chapter 1 Introduction to Geological Hazards in the UK: Their Occurrence, Monitoring and Mitigation
Abstract The UK is perhaps unique globally in that it presents the full spectrum of geological time, stratigraphy and associated lithologies within its boundaries. With this wide range of geological assemblages comes a wide range of geological hazards, whether geophysical (earthquakes, effects of volcanic eruptions, tsunami, landslides), geotechnical (collapsible, compressible, liquefiable, shearing, swelling and shrinking soils), geochemical (dissolution, radon and methane gas hazards) or related to georesources (coal, chalk and other mineral extraction). An awareness of these hazards and the risks that they pose is a key requirement of the engineering geologist. This volume sets out to define and explain these geohazards, to detail their detection, monitoring and management, and to provide a basis for further research and understanding, all within a UK context.
Abstract Tsunami present a significant geohazard to coastal and water-body marginal communities worldwide. Tsunami, a Japanese word, describes a series of waves that, once generated, travel across open water with exceptionally long wavelengths and with very high velocities before shortening and slowing on arrival at a coastal zone. Upon reaching land, these waves can have a devastating effect on the people and infrastructure in those environments. With over 12 000 km of coastline, the British Isles is vulnerable to the tsunami hazard. A significant number of potential tsunami source areas are present around the entire landmass, from plate tectonic boundaries off the Iberian Peninsula to the major submarine landslides in the northern North Sea to more localized coastal cliff instability which again has the potential to generate a tsunami. Tsunami can be generated through a variety of mechanisms including the sudden displacement of the sea floor in a seismic event as well as submarine and onshore landslides displacing a mass of water. This review presents those impacts together with a summary of tsunami triggers and UK case histories from the known historic catalogue. Currently, apart from some very sensitive installations, there is very little in the UK in the way of tsunami management and mitigation strategies. A situation that should be urgently addressed both on a local and national level.
Chapter 6 Collapsible Soils in the UK
Abstract Metastable soils may collapse because of the nature of their fabric. Generally speaking, these soils have porous textures, high void ratios and low densities. They have high apparent strengths at their natural moisture content, but large reductions of void ratio take place upon wetting and, particularly, when they are loaded because bonds between grains break down upon saturation. Worldwide, there is a range of natural soils that are metastable and can collapse, including loess, residual soils derived from the weathering of acid igneous rocks and from volcanic ashes and lavas, rapidly deposited and then desiccated debris flow materials such as some alluvial fans; for example, in semi-arid basins, colluvium from some semi-arid areas and cemented, high salt content soils such as some sabkhas. In addition, some artificial non-engineered fills can also collapse. In the UK, the main type of collapsible soil is loess, though collapsible non-engineered fills also exist. Loess in the UK can be identified from geological maps, but care is needed because it is usually mapped as ‘brickearth’. This is an inappropriate term and it is suggested here that it should be replaced, where the soils consist of loess, by the term ‘loessic brickearth’. Loessic brickearth in the UK is found mainly in the south east, south and south west of England, where thicknesses greater than 1 m are found. Elsewhere, thicknesses are usually less than 1 m and, consequently, of limited engineering significance. There are four steps in dealing with the potential risks to engineering posed by collapsible soils: (1) identification of the presence of a potentially collapsible soil using geological and geomorphological information; (2) classification of the degree of collapsibility, including the use of indirect correlations; (3) quantification of the degree of collapsibility using laboratory and/or in situ testing; (4) improvement of the collapsible soil using a number of engineering options.
The influence of periglacial action on road construction: a case study from the A21 Tonbridge to Pembury dualling
Abstract Tsunami catalogues provide important datasets in assessing the risk from infrequent but potentially high-impact events. Although the UK is located away from subduction zones (the most common origin of tsunamis), tsunamis have struck its shores, most notably those triggered by the prehistoric Storegga submarine landslide and the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. Since the major events of 2004 (Indian Ocean) and 2011 (Japan) tsunamis are in the public psyche, even if the risks to UK coasts are not. Due to this heightened awareness, many reported events are claimed to be tsunamis and the potential for tsunamis is increasingly included in risk planning; understanding the true frequency of tsunamis is therefore important. Within the UK, the evidence for tsunamis includes tide gauge readings, reported visual observations and interpretation of sedimentological features. Catalogues need to consider whether the event is a true tsunami in order to avoid a plethora of claims that confound risk assessments; for example, recent well-documented events generated by weather systems (meteotsunamis) provide a possible explanation for some historical events. A detailed examination of the impact of tsunamis upon the UK coast is provided, including examples of events triggered by the three primary causes of tsunamis: seismicity, submarine landslides and coastal landslides.