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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
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North Africa
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Atlas Mountains
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Moroccan Atlas Mountains
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Anti-Atlas (1)
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Egypt (1)
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Morocco
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Moroccan Atlas Mountains
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Anti-Atlas (1)
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Tunisia (1)
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Sahara (1)
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Sahel (1)
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Southern Africa
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South Africa
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Cape Province region (1)
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Transvaal region (1)
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West Africa
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Cameroon (1)
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Mauritania
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Richat Mountain (1)
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Niger (1)
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Arctic region
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Greenland
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Asia
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Far East
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Tarim Basin (3)
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Middle East
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Iran
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Canada
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Russian Federation
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Europe
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Keg River Formation (2)
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Slave Point Formation (1)
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Upper Devonian
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Wabamun Group (1)
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Grosmont Formation (4)
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Waterways Formation (1)
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Exshaw Formation (1)
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Ordovician
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Primary terms
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Africa
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North Africa
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Anti-Atlas (1)
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Egypt (1)
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Anti-Atlas (1)
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Tunisia (1)
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Sahara (1)
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West Africa
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Southeast Asia (1)
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Nunavut
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carbon
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Caribbean region
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Cayman Islands
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Cenozoic
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upper Pleistocene
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upper Quaternary (1)
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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middle Miocene
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upper Miocene
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-
-
Pliocene
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lower Pliocene
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Zanclean (1)
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Paleogene
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Balearic Islands
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Catalonia Spain
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Ebro Basin (1)
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Invertebrata
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Protista
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karstification
Architecture characteristics and characterization methods of fault-controlled karst reservoirs: A case study of the Shunbei 5 fault zone in the Tarim Basin, China
Seismic attributes for characterization and prediction of carbonate faulted karst reservoirs in the Tarim Basin, China
Fast Pliocene integration of the Central Anatolian Plateau drainage: Evidence, processes, and driving forces
Diffraction imaging for the fault-karst structure by least-squares reverse time migration
Novel geometric classification of 3D seismic and its application to the Habshan clinoforms of Western Oman
Upper Elk Point subgroup paleogeography and evaporite distribution with implications for evaporite dissolution, karstification, and carbonate diagenesis in northeastern Alberta
Cerro del Hierro, Spain: the largest exposed early Cambrian palaeokarst
Hydrocarbon-bearing characteristics of the SB1 strike-slip fault zone in the north of the Shuntuo Low Uplift, Tarim Basin
Nature and significance of rift-related, near-surface fissure-fill networks in fractured carbonates below regional unconformities
On the dolomite reservoirs formed by dissolution: Differential eogenetic versus hydrothermal in the lower Permian Sichuan Basin, southwestern China
Geological and Geotechnical Characterization of the Terrateig Dam in Valencia, Spain
Fracture and conduit controls on groundwater movement in the Carboniferous Limestone of the eastern Mendip Hills, Somerset, England
Abstract Karst science is beginning to recognize and understand better the interaction between conduits and the fractures and/or pore spaces within the aquifer. The relationship has important significance in relation to the understanding of contaminant transport, resource management and dewatering practices. This study presents the results of a dye trace carried out to investigate the link between the aquifer and conduits near a large dewatered quarry in the Mendip Hills in Somerset, England. At the point of undertaking the study, there were no records of the quarry directly intercepting any conduits but water from the conduit(s) is known to be drawn into the quarry. During the study, water from the conduits was observed to be lost to and gained from the fractures in different places in the aquifer. This complexity highlights the dependence of conduit flow on water levels in the aquifer and the sensitivity of groundwater in karstified aquifers to contamination.
Oil and gas reside in reservoirs within peritidal and shallow subtidal lagoonal carbonate sediments across the globe. This is a zone of facies heterogeneity, controlled by changes in depositional energy, water depth, clastic influx, and evapotranspiration. Close proximity to evaporitic brine pools means that it is also an environment with the potential for dolomitization during shallow burial. As a result, the original pore system of carbonate sediment can become drastically altered prior to burial, such that reservoir properties may not be predictable from facies models alone. The Miocene Santanyí Limestone Formation, Mallorca, Spain, is well exposed and has undergone minimal burial and therefore presents an excellent opportunity to integrate sedimentology, facies architecture, and diagenesis to determine how porosity evolves within individual facies in the shallow subsurface. From here, the impact on pore type, pore volume, pore connectivity, and petrophysical anisotropy can be assessed. The Santanyí Limestone consists of pale mudstones and wackestones, rooted wacke-packstones, stratiform laminites, and skeletal and oolitic, cross-bedded grainstone. Thin-section analysis reveals a paragenetic pathway of grain micritization, followed by dissolution of aragonite, possibly by meteoric fluids associated with karstification. Subsequently, the unit underwent fracturing, compaction, recrystallization, cementation, dolomitization, and matrix dissolution to form vugs. Petrophysical analyses of 2.54-cm-diameter plugs indicate that these complex diagenetic pathways created petrophysical anisotropy [mean horizontal permeability (Kh)/vertical permeability (Kv) of whole formation = 3.4] and that measured parameters cannot be related directly to either geological facies or pore type. Instead, petrophysical data can be grouped according to the diagenetic pathways that were followed after deposition. The best reservoir quality (i.e., typical porosity 15 to >40% and permeability >100 mD) is associated with pale mudstones, stratiform laminites, and skeletal and oolitic grainstone that have undergone pervasive recrystallization or dolomitization. These rocks have the some of the lowest formation resistivity factor (FRF) values (<200) and thus the simplest pore system. The poorest reservoir properties ( k <10 mD) occur in mudstones and wackestones that have not been recrystallized and, hence, are dominated by a simple network of micropores (FRF <101). Skeletal and oolitic grainstones and rooted and brecciated wacke-packstones that have undergone some cementation and partial recrystallization have moderate reservoir properties and a high FRF (>>1000), reflecting a complex pore system of biomolds, vugs, and microporosity. Consequently, reservoir properties can be predicted based on their primary rock properties and the diagenetic pathway that they followed after deposition.
Mesoscale faults, macroscale folds, and inferred basement structures, Nashville dome, central Tennessee
ABSTRACT This guide explores relationships among macroscale folds, mesoscale structures, the Nashville dome, and an inferred Precambrian or Cambrian rift in the basement beneath the dome. The Nashville dome, central Tennessee, is an ~12,000 km 2 north-northeast–trending, elliptical cratonic uplift. A published crustal density model shows that a previously undescribed Precambrian or Cambrian rift, herein named the Nashville rift, probably runs from northwestern Alabama through the Nashville dome to southern Kentucky. Within the Nashville dome, macroscale folds and mesoscale structures of the Stones River and Harpeth River fault zones have been interpreted previously as the surface manifestation of subsurface normal faults. This road guide describes two previously undescribed inferred subsurface fault zones: the Marshall Knobs fault zone and the Northern Highland Rim fault zone. The Marshall Knobs fault zone, which is ~16.3 km long, is associated with ~35 m of structural relief, trends east-southeast, is down on the north side, and is inside the geophysically defined rift. The Northern Highland Rim fault zone consists of east-northeast–striking minor normal and reverse faults and a minor strike-slip fault exposed above the western margin of the geophysically defined rift. The authors hypothesize that the Northern Highland Rim fault zone may be the surface manifestation of the subsurface continuation of a macroscale fault previously mapped at the surface 25 km to the southwest. All of the inferred faults fit into a tectonic model in which they originally formed within a rift and later reactivated, accommodating extension of the uppermost crust during uplift of the Nashville dome.
Volumetric aberrancy to map subtle faults and flexures
Le système karstique de Sprimont (Belgique). Holotype d'une spéléogenèse par fantômisation
Tafoni and honeycomb structures as indicators of ascending fluid flow and hypogene karstification
Abstract Tafoni and honeycombs remain some of the most enigmatic and puzzling geomorphological phenomena. Their globally widespread occurrence across a wide range of lithologies and environmental conditions suggests that their formation is determined by a factor that overarches variations in these conditions and weathering processes. Based on a study of tafoni and honeycombs in the Crimean Piedmont, this paper demonstrates that the primary factor in their formation is the pre-exposure alteration of rocks along fractures and karst conduits as a result of fluid–rock interactions. Such alteration is commonly induced by ascending flow and is related to hypogene karstification. The morphological expression of cavernous features through removal of the alterite can occur under subsurface conditions, but is more frequent on exposure to atmospheric weathering. The local or regional characteristics of a weathering system are irrelevant or of only secondary importance in determining the localization and morphology of cavernous features. New features do not form on rock surfaces where the alteration zone was totally denuded or never present. The proposed model resolves major issues inherent to previous interpretations of cavernous features. It has general applicability and important implications for geodynamic and palaeohydrogeological reconstructions. Typical tafoni and honeycombs may indicate past events of ascending flow and the potential presence of hypogene karst systems.