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NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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East Africa
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Djibouti (1)
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Sudan (1)
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North Africa
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Algeria (2)
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Egypt (3)
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Illizi Basin (1)
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Libya (2)
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Morocco (1)
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Tunisia (2)
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Asia
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Arabian Peninsula
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Arabian Shield (3)
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Bahrain (4)
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Kuwait (8)
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Oman
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Oman Mountains (2)
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Qatar (7)
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Saudi Arabia (13)
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United Arab Emirates
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Abu Dhabi (5)
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Dubai (1)
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Sharjah (1)
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Umm al-Qaiwain (1)
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Yemen (6)
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Euphrates River (1)
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Far East
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Burma (2)
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China
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Sichuan China (1)
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Xizang China (1)
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Japan (1)
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Taiwan (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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India (4)
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Pakistan (3)
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Middle East
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Cyprus (3)
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Dead Sea Rift (1)
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Iran
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Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (2)
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Iraq
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Kirkuk Iraq (8)
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Israel
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Negev (1)
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Jordan (8)
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Lebanon (4)
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Mesopotamia (10)
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Palestine (1)
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Syria (15)
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Tigris River (1)
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Turkey
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Anatolia (1)
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Taurus Mountains (4)
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Zagros (43)
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Turkmenia (1)
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Canada
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Western Canada
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Alberta (1)
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Caribbean region
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West Indies
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Antilles
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Greater Antilles
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Hispaniola
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Haiti (1)
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Armenia (1)
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Azerbaijan (1)
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Eastern Hemisphere (1)
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Eurasia (3)
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Europe
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Limestone Alps
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Northern Limestone Alps (1)
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Armenia (1)
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Azerbaijan (1)
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Caucasus (1)
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Central Europe
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Northern Limestone Alps (1)
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Pyrenees (1)
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Southern Europe
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Iberian Peninsula
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Portugal (1)
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Spain (1)
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Italy
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Apennines
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Basilicata Italy (1)
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Western Europe
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United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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England (1)
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Indian Ocean
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Mediterranean region (2)
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North America
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Oceania
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Melanesia
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Pacific Ocean (1)
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South America
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Andes
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commodities
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elements, isotopes
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chemical ratios (1)
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stable isotopes
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C-13/C-12 (3)
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O-18/O-16 (3)
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S-34/S-32 (1)
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metals
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sulfur
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fossils
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Invertebrata
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Cnidaria
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Echinodermata
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Crinozoa
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Echinozoa
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Mollusca
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Bivalvia
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Heterodonta
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Rudistae (3)
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Ostreoidea
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-
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Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea (1)
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Porifera
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Stromatoporoidea (1)
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Protista
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Foraminifera
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Fusulinina
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Fusulinidae (1)
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Rotaliina
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Buliminacea
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Globigerinacea
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Globotruncanidae
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Heterohelicidae (1)
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Orbitoidacea
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Rotaliacea
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Textulariina
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Lituolacea
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Orbitolinidae
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Orbitolina (1)
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-
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Radiolaria (1)
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microfossils
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Fusulinina
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Fusulinidae (1)
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palynomorphs
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acritarchs (1)
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miospores
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pollen (1)
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Plantae
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algae
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calcareous algae (1)
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thallophytes (6)
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geochronology methods
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Ar/Ar (1)
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U/Pb (3)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Bakhtiari Formation (2)
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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middle Holocene (1)
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upper Holocene (1)
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Miocene
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middle Miocene (3)
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upper Miocene (1)
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Pliocene (3)
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-
Paleogene
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Eocene
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upper Eocene
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Priabonian (1)
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-
-
Oligocene
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lower Oligocene
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Rupelian (1)
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upper Oligocene
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Chattian (1)
-
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
-
Sinjar Formation (2)
-
-
-
-
Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (5)
-
Aptian
-
Shuaiba Formation (1)
-
-
Berriasian (2)
-
Thamama Group (1)
-
Zubair Formation (4)
-
-
Middle Cretaceous (2)
-
Shiranish Formation (10)
-
Upper Cretaceous
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Campanian
-
upper Campanian (5)
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-
Cenomanian (7)
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K-T boundary (1)
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Maestrichtian
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lower Maestrichtian (2)
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Senonian (8)
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Turonian (2)
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-
-
Jurassic
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Middle Jurassic
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Bathonian (1)
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Callovian (2)
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-
Upper Jurassic
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Kimmeridgian (1)
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Oxfordian (1)
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Tithonian (1)
-
-
-
Triassic
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Upper Triassic
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Norian (1)
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Rhaetian (1)
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-
-
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian (2)
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Carboniferous
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Pennsylvanian
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Freeport Formation (1)
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Middle Pennsylvanian
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Allegheny Group (1)
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-
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Ordovician (2)
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Permian
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Khuff Formation (1)
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Upper Permian (1)
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Silurian (1)
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Phanerozoic (1)
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Precambrian
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic (1)
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igneous rocks
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igneous rocks
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plutonic rocks
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diorites
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plagiogranite (1)
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gabbros
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microgabbro (1)
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granites
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S-type granites (1)
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pegmatite (1)
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ultramafics
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chromitite (1)
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peridotites
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dunite (1)
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harzburgite (1)
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-
-
volcanic rocks
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andesites (1)
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basalts
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mid-ocean ridge basalts (3)
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ocean-island basalts (1)
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-
-
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ophiolite (7)
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volcanic ash (1)
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-
metamorphic rocks
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metamorphic rocks
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metaigneous rocks
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serpentinite (3)
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metasomatic rocks
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rodingite (1)
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serpentinite (3)
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ophiolite (7)
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minerals
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carbonates
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aragonite (1)
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minerals (1)
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oxides
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chrome spinel (2)
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corundum (1)
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goethite (1)
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ilmenite (1)
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magnetite (2)
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niobates
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columbite (1)
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rutile (2)
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spinel (1)
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spinel group (1)
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uraninite (1)
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phosphates
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apatite (2)
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chlorapatite (1)
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francolite (1)
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monazite (1)
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xenotime (1)
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silicates
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chain silicates
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amphibole group
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clinoamphibole
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hornblende (1)
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kaersutite (1)
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-
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pyroxene group
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clinopyroxene
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augite (1)
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-
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framework silicates
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feldspar group
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alkali feldspar
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orthoclase (1)
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plagioclase
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albite (1)
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silica minerals
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quartz (1)
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zeolite group
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analcime (1)
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orthosilicates
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nesosilicates
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andalusite (1)
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garnet group
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grossular (1)
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olivine group
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forsterite (1)
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titanite group
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titanite (1)
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zircon group
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thorite (1)
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zircon (4)
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ring silicates
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cordierite (1)
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tourmaline group (1)
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sheet silicates
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chlorite group
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chlorite (1)
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clay minerals (1)
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mica group
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biotite (1)
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palygorskite (1)
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-
-
sulfates
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gypsum (2)
-
-
-
Primary terms
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absolute age (6)
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Africa
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East Africa
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Djibouti (1)
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Sudan (1)
-
-
North Africa
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Algeria (2)
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Egypt (3)
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Illizi Basin (1)
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Libya (2)
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Morocco (1)
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Tunisia (2)
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-
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Asia
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Arabian Peninsula
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Arabian Shield (3)
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Bahrain (4)
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Kuwait (8)
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Oman
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Oman Mountains (2)
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Qatar (7)
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Saudi Arabia (13)
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United Arab Emirates
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Abu Dhabi (5)
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Dubai (1)
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Sharjah (1)
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Umm al-Qaiwain (1)
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Yemen (6)
-
-
Euphrates River (1)
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Far East
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Burma (2)
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China
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Sichuan China (1)
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Xizang China (1)
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Japan (1)
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Taiwan (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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India (4)
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Pakistan (3)
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Middle East
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Cyprus (3)
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Dead Sea Rift (1)
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Iran
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Fars Iran (1)
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Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (2)
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-
Iraq
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Kirkuk Iraq (8)
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Israel
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Negev (1)
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Jordan (8)
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Lebanon (4)
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Mesopotamia (10)
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Palestine (1)
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Syria (15)
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Tigris River (1)
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Turkey
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Anatolia (1)
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Taurus Mountains (4)
-
-
Zagros (43)
-
-
Turkmenia (1)
-
-
bacteria (1)
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bitumens (3)
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brines (1)
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Canada
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Western Canada
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Alberta (1)
-
-
-
carbon
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C-13/C-12 (3)
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C-14 (1)
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organic carbon (2)
-
-
Caribbean region
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West Indies
-
Antilles
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Greater Antilles
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Hispaniola
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Haiti (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
catalogs (2)
-
Cenozoic
-
Bakhtiari Formation (2)
-
Quaternary
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Holocene
-
middle Holocene (1)
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upper Holocene (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
middle Miocene (3)
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upper Miocene (1)
-
-
Pliocene (3)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
upper Eocene
-
Priabonian (1)
-
-
-
Oligocene
-
lower Oligocene
-
Rupelian (1)
-
-
upper Oligocene
-
Chattian (1)
-
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
-
Sinjar Formation (2)
-
-
-
-
clay mineralogy (2)
-
climate change (1)
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crust (2)
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crystal chemistry (2)
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dams (1)
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data processing (4)
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deformation (8)
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diagenesis (9)
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earthquakes (12)
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Eastern Hemisphere (1)
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economic geology (21)
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energy sources (1)
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engineering geology (4)
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Eurasia (3)
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Europe
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Alps
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Eastern Alps
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Northern Limestone Alps (1)
-
-
Limestone Alps
-
Northern Limestone Alps (1)
-
-
-
Armenia (1)
-
Azerbaijan (1)
-
Caucasus (1)
-
Central Europe
-
Northern Limestone Alps (1)
-
-
Pyrenees (1)
-
Southern Europe
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Greece (1)
-
Iberian Peninsula
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Portugal (1)
-
Spain (1)
-
-
Italy
-
Apennines
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Southern Apennines (1)
-
-
Basilicata Italy (1)
-
-
-
Western Europe
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United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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England (1)
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-
-
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explosions (2)
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faults (23)
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folds (24)
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foundations (1)
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fractures (5)
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geochemistry (11)
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geology (2)
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geophysical methods (15)
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ground water (3)
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hydrogen (1)
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hydrology (1)
-
igneous rocks
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plutonic rocks
-
diorites
-
plagiogranite (1)
-
-
gabbros
-
microgabbro (1)
-
-
granites
-
S-type granites (1)
-
-
pegmatite (1)
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (1)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (1)
-
harzburgite (1)
-
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (1)
-
basalts
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (3)
-
ocean-island basalts (1)
-
-
-
-
Indian Ocean
-
Arabian Sea
-
Gulf of Aden (1)
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Gulf of Oman (1)
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Persian Gulf (6)
-
-
Red Sea (1)
-
-
intrusions (2)
-
Invertebrata
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Cnidaria
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Anthozoa (1)
-
-
Echinodermata
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Crinozoa
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Crinoidea (1)
-
-
Echinozoa
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Echinoidea (1)
-
-
-
Mollusca
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Bivalvia
-
Heterodonta
-
Rudistae (3)
-
-
Ostreoidea
-
Ostreidae (1)
-
-
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea (1)
-
-
-
Porifera
-
Stromatoporoidea (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Fusulinina
-
Fusulinidae (1)
-
-
Rotaliina
-
Buliminacea
-
Bolivinitidae
-
Bolivinoides (1)
-
-
-
Globigerinacea
-
Globigerinidae
-
Globigerina (1)
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Globigerinoides (1)
-
-
Globotruncanidae
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Globotruncana (4)
-
-
Heterohelicidae (1)
-
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Orbitoidacea
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Lepidocyclina (1)
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Orbitoididae (1)
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Rotaliacea
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Nummulitidae
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Nummulites (2)
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Textulariina
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Lituolacea
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Orbitolinidae
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Orbitolina (1)
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Radiolaria (1)
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isostasy (1)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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C-14 (1)
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stable isotopes
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C-13/C-12 (3)
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O-18/O-16 (3)
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S-34/S-32 (1)
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lava (1)
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mantle (3)
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maps (4)
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Mediterranean region (2)
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Mediterranean Sea
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East Mediterranean (1)
-
-
Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (5)
-
Aptian
-
Shuaiba Formation (1)
-
-
Berriasian (2)
-
Thamama Group (1)
-
Zubair Formation (4)
-
-
Middle Cretaceous (2)
-
Shiranish Formation (10)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Campanian
-
upper Campanian (5)
-
-
Cenomanian (7)
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
Maestrichtian
-
lower Maestrichtian (2)
-
-
Senonian (8)
-
Turonian (2)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Bathonian (1)
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Callovian (2)
-
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Kimmeridgian (1)
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Oxfordian (1)
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Tithonian (1)
-
-
-
Triassic
-
Upper Triassic
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Norian (1)
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Rhaetian (1)
-
-
-
-
metal ores
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iron ores (1)
-
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
Iraq
Using a 1D Radially Symmetric Coda Envelope Model for Robust Moment Magnitude ( M w ) Estimation in Iraq’s Tectonically Diverse Zones Available to Purchase
Microgravity Survey to Evaluate Earthquake Effects on the Derbendikhan Dam Site, Iraq Available to Purchase
Field Examples of Void-Related Resonance in Shallow Seismic Data Available to Purchase
Ramp‐Flat and Splay Faulting Illuminated by Frictional Afterslip Following the 2017 M w 7.3 Sarpol‐e Zahab Earthquake Available to Purchase
Structural interpretation of the basement beneath the Southern Desert of Iraq based on aeromagnetic data Available to Purchase
Integration of electromagnetic, resistivity-based and production logging data for validating lithofacies and permeability predictive models with tree ensemble algorithms in heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs Available to Purchase
Construct a Geomechanical Model to Estimate the Critical Drawdown Pressure for the Sandstone Reservoirs Available to Purchase
Initial assessment of soil liquefaction potential for selected sites in Hilla city, Babylon Governorate, Iraq Available to Purchase
Quantitative Earthquake Loss Estimates the New Frontier Available to Purchase
Comment & Reply Available to Purchase
Association between COVID-19 and Heavy Metal Pollution in Iraqi Cities Determined from Hierarchical Prediction Available to Purchase
Rock-mechanical properties and in situ stress state of the Upper Cenomanian Mishrif limestone reservoir, Zubair oil field, southern Iraq Available to Purchase
SSA 2021 Annual Meeting Available to Purchase
Rift inheritance controls the switch from thin- to thick-skinned thrusting and basal décollement re-localization at the subduction-to-collision transition Available to Purchase
Critically stressed fractures: analysis of the Shaikan Field, Kurdistan Region of Iraq Available to Purchase
Dynamic calibration of the Shaikan Jurassic full-field fractured reservoir model through single-well DST and multi-well interference discrete fracture network simulation Available to Purchase
The Paleogene ophiolite conundrum of the Iran–Iraq border region Available to Purchase
Petroleum tectonic comparison of fold and thrust belts: the Zagros of Iraq and Iran, the Pyrenees of Spain, the Sevier of Western USA and the Beni Sub-Andean of Bolivia Open Access
Abstract The genetic analysis of fold and thrust belts is facilitated by tracking the evolution of their organic endowment (petroleum tectonics). Petroleum tectonic analysis of convergent orogenic systems provides an audit of the processes that control the deformation and kinematics of orogenic belts. The distribution and deformation paths of the organic endowment intervals are key factors in determining the petroleum system evolution of fold and thrust belts. This comparison of orogenic systems illustrates the importance of flexural v. dynamic processes, orogenic wedge taper, mechanical stratigraphy and inherited architecture on the creation, preservation and destruction of petroleum accumulations. The Zagros, Pyrenees, Sevier and Beni Sub-Andean convergent systems share key characteristics of fold and thrust belts, with major differences in scale, degree of incorporation of organic endowment in evolution of the fold and thrust belt and its foreland, and preservation of fold and thrust belt wedge-top deposits. The Zagros is an orogen dominated by flexural processes that is a perfect storm for hydrocarbon generation and preservation. Its multiple stacked sources ensure continuous hydrocarbon generation while stacked detachments foster a low taper and thick wedge-top basins. The Pyrenees is also a flexurally dominated orogen, but the early consumption of its source rocks led to minimal survival of hydrocarbon accumulations during exhumation in a long lasting, high-taper orogenic wedge. The Sevier was initially a flexural orogen that was later dominated by dynamic uplift of the fold and thrust belt and distal foreland subsidence with foreland deformation. The consumption of its pre-orogenic sources during the early low-taper phase indicates a probable robust petroleum system at that time. However, the late high-taper phase exhumed and destroyed much of the early petroleum system. The addition of syntectonic foreland sources to be matured by both local and dynamic subsidence created an additional later set of petroleum systems. Post-orogenic events have left only remnants of world-class petroleum systems. The Beni segment of the Sub-Andean Orogen is a flexural system with probable dynamic overprints. Its most robust petroleum system probably occurred during its early low-taper flexural phase, with dynamic subsidence enhancement. Its late high-taper phase with possible dynamic uplift shuts down and stresses the petroleum systems. Comparison of these orogenic systems illustrates the importance of flexural v. dynamic processes, orogenic wedge taper kinematics, mechanical stratigraphy, distribution of source rocks relative to shortening and inherited architecture on the creation, preservation and destruction of petroleum accumulations in fold and thrust belts.
Quantifying vertical movements in fold and thrust belts: subsidence, uplift and erosion in Kurdistan, northern Iraq Open Access
Abstract Traditional structural analysis in fold and thrust belts has focused on quantifying horizontal movements. In this paper, the importance of quantifying vertical movements is illustrated using a case study from Kurdistan, northern Iraq. The subsidence history of this area can be determined by analysis of the stratigraphic record from deep exploration wells. A phase of thermal subsidence from Middle Permian to Late Cretaceous (tectonic subsidence 1.8–1.9 km) was followed by flexural subsidence in the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic (tectonic subsidence >0.6 km) in response to the closure of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. The main phase of continental collision during the Neogene resulted in the development of the Zagros fold and thrust belt; the amount of uplift at individual anticlines can be estimated from their amplitude (up to 3 km), but regional cross-sections indicate that approximately 1 km of additional basement-involved uplift is present NE of the Mountain Front. The timing of basement-involved uplift is interpreted to be coeval with the deposition of a Pliocene–Quaternary growth sequence adjacent to the Mountain Front. The amount of erosion resulting from the uplift can be estimated from vitrinite reflectance and cross-sections; these estimates show a similar pattern, with maximum erosion in the mountains NE of the Mountain Front (>1.5 km) and lesser erosion in the adjacent foreland basin (generally <0.8 km). The results provide a quantitative understanding of subsidence, uplift and erosion, and have been used to define prospective and high-risk areas for petroleum exploration.