... Interiors Carbonates play a crucial role in the long-term global carbon cycle as they contain ≈ 60–70% of the carbon present on Earth’s surface and in its crust ( Hirschmann 2018 ; McKenzie et al. 2016 ; Ridgwell 2005 ; Wallmann 2001 ). As carbonates are partly incorporated into oceanic...

... >775 K, an additional arc is observed in the low-frequency range (Online Materials 1 Fig. OM3). The separation of the two arcs possibly indicates two conductive paths: one through the grain interior and the other along the grain boundary. This is very likely due to the dehydration of the amphibole...

... of high-pressure multi-grain X-ray diffraction for exploring the Earth’s interior . Engineering , 5 , 441 – 447 . 1 Deposit item AM-22-28283, Online Materials. Deposit items are free to all readers and found on the MSA website, via the specific issue’s Table of Contents (go to http...

...Xueyin Yuan; Robert A. Mayanovic; Guoliang Zhang Abstract The transport of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) into the Earth’s interior through subduction is one of the key processes in the global cycling of carbon. To develop a better understanding of the CaCO 3 structural stability during subduction...

... enriched with Mg under pressure. Studying Mg-bearing aluminosilicate glasses can thus help us to better understand the behavior of magma deep in the interior of the Earth. * E-mail: sakamaki@tohoku.ac.jp . Manuscript handled by Ryosuke Sinmyo 19 12 2019 19 7 2020 Copyright ©...

...Elizabeth C. Thompson; Anne H. Davis; Nigel M. Brauser; Zhenxian Liu; Vitali B. Prakapenka; Andrew J. Campbell Abstract Constraining the accommodation, distribution, and circulation of hydrogen in the Earth's interior is vital to our broader understanding of the deep Earth due to the significant...

... , V.V. , and Oganov , A.R. ( 2017 ) High-pressure behavior of the Fe-S system and composition of the Earth's inner core. Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk , 187 , 1105 – 1113 . Birch , F. ( 1952 ) Elasticity and constitution of the Earth's interior. Journal of Geophysical Research , 57...

... in Differentiated Planetary Interiors Lines of evidence support that the lower mantle has a similar chemical composition to the upper mantle ( Kurnosov et al. 2017 ; Shim et al. 2001a , 2017 ) that is likely peridotitic or pyrolitic ( McDonough and Sun 1995 ). In a pyrolitic lower mantle, (Mg,Fe)(Al,Si)O...

... Communications , 10 , 2483 . Birch , F. ( 1952 ) Elasticity and constitution of the Earth's interior . Journal of Geophysical Research , 57 , 227 – 286 . Blöchl , P.E. ( 1994 ) Projector augmented-wave method . Physical Review B , 50 , 17,953 – 17,979 . Boehler , R...

... was performed by dropping off the capsules in water. After quenching, the melt inclusions were exposed to the surface of olivine grains by grinding and polishing, and prepared for further analyses. One possibility to solve this problem is to determine the start of global exchange between the interior...

... interior, is the dominant mineral responsible for chemical and physical behavior of the lower mantle. Redox of iron in bridgmanite buffers the mantle and thus has implications for the formation of the atmosphere and habitability of the planet, storage and transport of volatiles including water and carbon...

... of the Fe–FeH system under the high-pressure ( P ) and high-temperature ( T ) conditions of the Earth's deep interior is important in the discussion of chemical and physical properties of the core. An end-member of this system, stoichiometric FeH with double-hexagonal close packed (dhcp) structure, has been...

... , R. , and Hirschmann , M.M. ( 2006 ) Melting in the Earth's deep upper mantle caused by carbon dioxide . Nature , 440 , 659 . Dasgupta , R. , and Hirschmann , M.M. ( 2010 ) The deep carbon cycle and melting in Earth's interior . Earth and Planetary Science Letters , 298...

... . Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors , 261 , 161 – 171 . Carlson , R.W. , Pearson , D.G. , and James , D.E. ( 2005 ) Physical, chemical, and chronological characteristics of continental mantle . Reviews of Geophysics , 43 , 1 – 24 . Ceperley , D.M. , and Adler...

... of carbon on Earth where such reactions are widespread. Deep in the Earth’s interior, at high temperatures and pressures, these reactions play important roles in controlling the long-term redox state of the planet. Hydrogenation could have played a role in prebiotic chemistry on the ancient Earth through...

... elastic wave velocities Over the past two decades, carbonates have been suspected to be one of the main carbon carriers into the Earth’s deep interior ( Dasgupta and Hirschmann 2010 ). Rare, but indisputable, examples of natural samples in the form of superdeep-diamond inclusions ( Kaminsky et al...

.... 2013 ; DePaolo 2015 ; Lee et al. 2019 ; Werner et al. 2019 ). The types of fluxes between each reservoir are shown against the arrows; the size of these fluxes is not indicated. The volcanic, tectonic, and metamorphic flux of CO 2 from Earth's interior is large. For the volcanic portion...