- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Gulf of Mexico (1)
-
Hudson Bay (1)
-
-
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Ontario
-
Toronto Ontario (5)
-
-
Quebec
-
Saint Lawrence Estuary (1)
-
-
-
Hudson Bay (1)
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta (2)
-
Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (2)
-
Yukon Territory (1)
-
-
-
East Pacific Ocean Islands
-
Hawaii
-
Honolulu County Hawaii
-
Oahu (1)
-
-
-
-
Long Island (1)
-
North America
-
Glacier National Park (1)
-
Great Lakes
-
Lake Ontario (1)
-
-
Great Lakes region (2)
-
North American Cordillera
-
Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (2)
-
-
-
Oceania
-
Polynesia
-
Hawaii
-
Honolulu County Hawaii
-
Oahu (1)
-
-
-
-
-
United States
-
Alaska
-
Brooks Range (1)
-
Nome Alaska (1)
-
-
Allegheny Plateau (1)
-
Arkansas (1)
-
California
-
Shasta County California
-
Lassen Peak (1)
-
-
-
Colorado (1)
-
Hawaii
-
Honolulu County Hawaii
-
Oahu (1)
-
-
-
Idaho (1)
-
Illinois
-
Grundy County Illinois (1)
-
La Salle County Illinois (1)
-
Putnam County Illinois (1)
-
-
Indiana
-
Posey County Indiana (1)
-
Vanderburgh County Indiana (1)
-
-
Kansas (1)
-
Kentucky (1)
-
Maine (1)
-
Massachusetts
-
Nantucket County Massachusetts
-
Nantucket Island (1)
-
-
-
Midcontinent (1)
-
Mississippi River (1)
-
Mississippi Valley
-
Lower Mississippi Valley (1)
-
-
Missouri (1)
-
Montana (1)
-
Nebraska (1)
-
New England (1)
-
New Mexico (1)
-
New York (1)
-
Ohio
-
Franklin County Ohio (1)
-
Morrow County Ohio (1)
-
-
Ohio River (1)
-
Pennsylvania
-
Crawford County Pennsylvania (1)
-
Mercer County Pennsylvania (1)
-
-
Washington
-
Olympic Mountains (1)
-
Puget Lowland (1)
-
-
Western U.S. (2)
-
Wyoming (1)
-
Yellowstone National Park (1)
-
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
C-14 (5)
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
C-14 (5)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
-
-
fossils
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Amphibia (1)
-
Aves
-
Neornithes (1)
-
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Lagomorpha (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Ostracoda (1)
-
-
Insecta (1)
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia (1)
-
Gastropoda (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera (1)
-
-
-
microfossils (4)
-
palynomorphs
-
miospores
-
pollen (2)
-
-
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
diatoms (1)
-
-
-
-
geochronology methods
-
exposure age (1)
-
optically stimulated luminescence (2)
-
Th/U (1)
-
thermoluminescence (1)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene (1)
-
Pleistocene
-
Aftonian (1)
-
Glasford Formation (1)
-
Illinoian (28)
-
lower Pleistocene (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Sangamonian (7)
-
Wisconsinan
-
Lavery Till (1)
-
lower Wisconsinan (1)
-
upper Wisconsinan (2)
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary
-
Bull Lake Glaciation (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Pliocene (1)
-
-
-
-
Laurentide ice sheet (3)
-
Paleozoic
-
Carboniferous
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Carbondale Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Prairie du Chien Group (1)
-
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Saint Peter Sandstone (1)
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
volcanic rocks
-
pyroclastics
-
tuff (1)
-
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
silicates
-
sheet silicates
-
clay minerals (1)
-
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (4)
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Gulf of Mexico (1)
-
Hudson Bay (1)
-
-
-
biography (1)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Ontario
-
Toronto Ontario (5)
-
-
Quebec
-
Saint Lawrence Estuary (1)
-
-
-
Hudson Bay (1)
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta (2)
-
Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (2)
-
Yukon Territory (1)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
C-14 (5)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene (1)
-
Pleistocene
-
Aftonian (1)
-
Glasford Formation (1)
-
Illinoian (28)
-
lower Pleistocene (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Sangamonian (7)
-
Wisconsinan
-
Lavery Till (1)
-
lower Wisconsinan (1)
-
upper Wisconsinan (2)
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary
-
Bull Lake Glaciation (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Pliocene (1)
-
-
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Amphibia (1)
-
Aves
-
Neornithes (1)
-
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Lagomorpha (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
deformation (1)
-
East Pacific Ocean Islands
-
Hawaii
-
Honolulu County Hawaii
-
Oahu (1)
-
-
-
-
engineering geology (1)
-
geochronology (2)
-
geomorphology (2)
-
geophysical methods (2)
-
glacial geology (8)
-
igneous rocks
-
volcanic rocks
-
pyroclastics
-
tuff (1)
-
-
-
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Ostracoda (1)
-
-
Insecta (1)
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia (1)
-
Gastropoda (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera (1)
-
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
C-14 (5)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
-
-
maps (1)
-
mineralogy (1)
-
North America
-
Glacier National Park (1)
-
Great Lakes
-
Lake Ontario (1)
-
-
Great Lakes region (2)
-
North American Cordillera
-
Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (2)
-
-
-
Oceania
-
Polynesia
-
Hawaii
-
Honolulu County Hawaii
-
Oahu (1)
-
-
-
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
-
paleoclimatology (6)
-
paleoecology (3)
-
paleogeography (2)
-
paleontology (2)
-
Paleozoic
-
Carboniferous
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Carbondale Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Prairie du Chien Group (1)
-
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Saint Peter Sandstone (1)
-
-
-
-
palynomorphs
-
miospores
-
pollen (2)
-
-
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
diatoms (1)
-
-
-
reefs (1)
-
remote sensing (1)
-
sea-level changes (2)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
beachrock (1)
-
limestone (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
shale (1)
-
siltstone (1)
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
biogenic structures
-
bioturbation (1)
-
-
planar bedding structures
-
rhythmite (1)
-
-
-
sedimentation (4)
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
drift (2)
-
gravel (1)
-
loess (2)
-
mud (1)
-
outwash (3)
-
sand (1)
-
till (11)
-
-
-
shorelines (1)
-
soils (1)
-
stratigraphy (6)
-
underground installations (1)
-
United States
-
Alaska
-
Brooks Range (1)
-
Nome Alaska (1)
-
-
Allegheny Plateau (1)
-
Arkansas (1)
-
California
-
Shasta County California
-
Lassen Peak (1)
-
-
-
Colorado (1)
-
Hawaii
-
Honolulu County Hawaii
-
Oahu (1)
-
-
-
Idaho (1)
-
Illinois
-
Grundy County Illinois (1)
-
La Salle County Illinois (1)
-
Putnam County Illinois (1)
-
-
Indiana
-
Posey County Indiana (1)
-
Vanderburgh County Indiana (1)
-
-
Kansas (1)
-
Kentucky (1)
-
Maine (1)
-
Massachusetts
-
Nantucket County Massachusetts
-
Nantucket Island (1)
-
-
-
Midcontinent (1)
-
Mississippi River (1)
-
Mississippi Valley
-
Lower Mississippi Valley (1)
-
-
Missouri (1)
-
Montana (1)
-
Nebraska (1)
-
New England (1)
-
New Mexico (1)
-
New York (1)
-
Ohio
-
Franklin County Ohio (1)
-
Morrow County Ohio (1)
-
-
Ohio River (1)
-
Pennsylvania
-
Crawford County Pennsylvania (1)
-
Mercer County Pennsylvania (1)
-
-
Washington
-
Olympic Mountains (1)
-
Puget Lowland (1)
-
-
Western U.S. (2)
-
Wyoming (1)
-
Yellowstone National Park (1)
-
-
weathering (2)
-
-
rock formations
-
Scarborough Formation (2)
-
-
sedimentary rocks
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
beachrock (1)
-
limestone (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
shale (1)
-
siltstone (1)
-
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
channels (1)
-
mounds (1)
-
sedimentary structures
-
biogenic structures
-
bioturbation (1)
-
-
planar bedding structures
-
rhythmite (1)
-
-
-
-
sediments
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
drift (2)
-
gravel (1)
-
loess (2)
-
mud (1)
-
outwash (3)
-
sand (1)
-
till (11)
-
-
-
-
soils
-
paleosols (1)
-
soils (1)
-
Illinoian
Significance of Pleistocene fluvial systems and glaciations on the landscape evolution of northern Kentucky
ABSTRACT Pleistocene glacial and interglacial episodes had a profound influence on erosion, sediment transport, and topographic expression in the Midwestern United States. Northern Kentucky hosts a variety of fluvial and glacial features that record these Quaternary advances and retreats of the Laurentide ice sheet. This field trip highlights the major glacial and interglacial episodes of the Pleistocene, including the Pliocene–Early Pleistocene Teays drainage system, the Early–Middle Pleistocene pre–Illinois glacial Episode, the Middle Pleistocene Yarmouth interglacial, the Illinois glacial Episode in the Middle Pleistocene, the Sangamon interglacial, and the Late Pleistocene Wisconsin Episode. The Old Kentucky River was tributary to the Teays, depositing sands at ca. 1.5 Ma, confirmed by multiple 10 Be- 26 Al cosmogenic radionuclide burial ages. Glacial till uncoformably overlies Old Kentucky River sands and demonstrates that pre-Illinois ice extended into Kentucky. The modern-day course of the Ohio River was incised after the pre−Illinois Episode, and then aggraded with transportation of Illinois Episode glacial outwash. Deposition of outwash at the mouths of tributaries caused impoundment and slackwater deposition in tributary valleys; the Claryville Clay has long been assumed to represent a pre-Illinois lacustrine deposit, but new optically stimulated luminescence feldspar geochronology yields a Middle Pleistocene age of ca. 320 ka. We have not observed Illinoian till in Kentucky. The final advance of the Laurentide ice sheet did not reach Kentucky, however, high sediment volumes were transported along the Ohio River and impounded tributaries, similar to the Illinois Episode.
At the edge of the Laurentide Ice Sheet: Stratigraphy and chronology of glacial deposits in central Indiana
ABSTRACT This field guide provides an updated synthesis of the stratigraphy and chronology of glacial deposits in central Indiana near the southern limit of glaciation in the midcontinent. Central Indiana contains evidence of multiple glaciations—deposits from the last two glaciations (Oxygen Isotope Stages [OIS] 2 [Wisconsin Episode] and 6 [Illinois Episode]) have been the focus of recent stratigraphic and chronologic investigation. New radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating from outcrop and core has refined the timing of OIS 2 and OIS 6 ice sheet advances, outwash/slackwater aggradation, glacial lake formation, and eolian activity. Radiocarbon ages within or below late Wisconsin till from three sites within 5 km (3 mi) of the late Wisconsin maximum limit indicate an age of 24.0 k cal yr B.P. for maximum OIS 2 ice sheet extent in central Indiana, consistent with chronology from Illinois and Ohio. A subsequent >50 km (31 mi) readvance (21.6 k cal yr B.P.) across central Indiana came within 10 km (6 mi) of the maximum limit and in the western part of the field-trip area, terminated in glacial Lake Eminence. The start of outwash aggradation and associated slackwater sedimentation in the West Fork White River valley and tributaries began ca. 27 k cal yr B.P. and continued until ca. 20.5 k cal yr B.P., representing the timing of ice sheet advance into and out of the paleo–White River drainage basin. Ice sheet advance and retreat rates average ~40 m/yr before and after the global Last Glacial Maximum (ca. 26−21 k cal yr B.P.) when ice was within ~50 km of the late Wisconsin maximum. OSL dating of pre-Wisconsin outwash and glacio-lacustrine sediment return ages between ca. 218 and 127 ka, confirming deposition during OIS 6. These ages document spatially complex sedimentation in bedrock valleys beyond the Wisconsin limit.
Mima-type soil mounds result from the repeated outward tunneling of Geomyid pocket gophers from nest and food storage centers and the resultant backward displacement of soil and its accumulation near such centers. These mounds are widespread in alpine and montane grassland habitats in the western United States. Their abundance in highland areas is confirmed by Google Earth surveys, by published studies and other sources, and by personal fieldwork of the author and colleagues. Highland areas in Canada and Mexico were also surveyed by Google Earth, but Mima-type mounds have not yet been found in these locations. Almost all alpine mound sites surveyed are on ridge tops or south-facing slopes, with many best expressed just above timberline. In some northern locations alpine and montane mounds appear to have formed since the Pleistocene. The presence of mounds only on moraines of Illinoian age at one Wyoming site suggests that mounds there, and thus perhaps in more southern locations, may have begun forming much earlier.
Quaternary geology of northwestern Pennsylvania
Abstract Northwestern Pennsylvania was glaciated by the Grand River sublobe of the Erie Lobe. Glacial advances occurred at least three times during the pre-Illinoian (Slippery Rock, Mapledale, and Keefus), once during the Illinoian (Titusville), and four Late Wisconsinan (Kent, Lavery, Hiram, and Ashtabula) tills have been identified. While the area was studied for over 50 years by George White and associates, there are numerous details that remain unknown. The Titusville Till, which comprises the bulk of the glacial sediment, contains up to five separate sheets separated by sand and gravel. The origin of the numerous sheets is still not clear. The Kent glaciation resulted in extensive deposition in proglacial lakes and caused numerous local drainage diversions. Interpretations of the surficial geology around Conneaut Lake have changed a couple of times. Originally interpreted to be formed by a lobe of Hiram ice, it was later determined to be part of a widespread area of Lavery ice. Recent work supports the original Hiram interpretation. Since glaciation, streams in northwestern Pennsylvania have incised into the glacial sediments and have developed fine-grained floodplains within glacially scoured valleys. Lake sediments and alluvial stratigraphy suggests that general climate amelioration during the Holocene epoch was interrupted by episodes of landscape instability. Deforestation by European settlers is the most recent event appearing in the stratigraphic record and resulted in deposition of as much as 2 m of post-settlement alluvium.
Abstract New Harmony, Indiana, has an important place in the history of geology for North America. David Dale Owen, son of Robert Owen, who had attempted to establish a communal society in New Harmony, developed an impressive geological enterprise there. D.D. Owen's work included geological training at his New Harmony laboratories and the first geological mapping expeditions for many states and districts in the expanding United States. He served as the first state geologist for Indiana, a position also held by his brother, Richard. Several scientific notables, including William Maclure, Charles Lyell, Thomas Say, and others visited and studied natural history while based in New Harmony. The famous "Boatload of Knowledge" brought several artists, teachers, scientists, and other intellectuals to their new home in New Harmony, Indiana. Our trip to some of the original sites in this important town, including D.D. Owen's geological laboratories and Maclure's Working Men's Institute, will take us through the characteristic southwestern Indiana landscape of glacial-meltwater-lake plains, loess mantled bedrock uplands, and the Ohio and Wabash River valleys.
Geologic characteristics of the central stretch of the Ticona Channel, north-central Illinois
Illinoian to Late Wisconsinan stratigraphy at Woodbridge, Ontario
Late Pleistocene evolution of the lower Mississippi River valley, southern Missouri to Arkansas
Sequence Stratigraphy and Composition of Late Quaternary Shelf-Margin Deltas, Northern Gulf of Mexico
Multiple pre-Wisconsinan glaciations along the northwestern edge of the Allegheny Plateau in Ohio and Pennsylvania
Séquence de la transition Illinoien–Sangamonien : forage IAC-91 de l'île aux Coudres, estuaire moyen du Saint-Laurent, Québec
Thermoluminescence chronology of Toronto-area Quaternary sediments and implications for the extent of the midcontinent ice sheet(s)
A paleoenvironmental study of the molluscs from the Don Formation (Sangamonian?) Don Valley Brickyard, Toronto, Ontario
Tills that discontinuously underlie the late Wisconsinan till throughout New England represent the penultimate full glaciation of the region. In southern New England, the late Wisconsinan till and the tills that locally underlie it are informally referred to as upper and lower tills, respectively. For the most part, the ages of the lower tills are not firmly established, and regional correlations between occurrences of lower till, including those on Long Island, New York, are tenuous. Where a lower till underlies deposits having limiting middle Wisconsinan radiocarbon ages (e.g., the Montauk till member of the Manhassett Formation on Long Island at Port Washington, New York, and the lower till at New Sharon, Maine), many workers have assigned the till an early Wisconsinan age. However, lower tills throughout much of New England may be Illinoian or older in age and may correlate with a lower till exposed at Sankaty Head, Nantucket Island, Massachusetts, that is pre-Sangamonian in age. The till at Sankaty Head lies below marine beds containing marine faunas indicative of sea-water temperatures both warmer and slightly cooler than those off Nantucket today and that have uranium-thorium and amino-acid racemization (AAR) age estimates suggesting a Sangamonian age (marine oxygen-isotope stage 5). The lower till at Sankaty Head and the Montauk till member on Long Island were deposited during a full glaciation of New England that was at least as extensive as the late Wisconsinan advance of the Laurentide ice. Global ice-volume data from the marine oxygen-isotope record and the late Pleistocene eustatic sea-level record inferred from raised coral terraces support an advance of this magnitude during marine oxygenisotope stage 6, but not during stage 4. An early Wisconsinan age of the southern New England lower tills and, hence, of the penultimate glaciation there is problematic in terms of the pre-Sangamonian age of the lower till on Nantucket, and in terms of the late Pleistocene global ice-volume and sea-level records. An Illinoian age for the tills and for the penultimate full glaciation of New England is compatible with all the available evidence except some equivocal radiocarbon ages and AAR age estimates.
Weathering-rind thicknesses were measured on volcanic clasts in sequences of glacial deposits in seven mountain ranges in the western United States and in the Puget lowland. Because the rate of rind development decreases with time, ratios of rind thicknesses provide limits on corresponding age ratios. In all areas studied, deposits of late Wisconsinan age are obvious; deposits of late Illinoian age (ca. 140 ka) also seem to be present in each area, although independent evidence for their numerical age is circumstantial. The weathering-rind data indicate that deposits that have intermediate ages between these two are common, and ratios of rind thicknesses suggest an early Wisconsinan age (about 60 to 70 ka) for some of the intermediate deposits. Three of the seven studied alpine areas (McCall, Idaho; Yakima Valley, Washington; and Lassen Peak, California) appear to have early Wisconsinan drift beyond the extent of late Wisconsinan ice. In addition, Mount Rainier and the Puget lowland, Washington, have outwash terraces but no moraines of early Wisconsinan age. The sequences near West Yellowstone, Montana; Truckee, California; and in the southern Olympic Mountains have no recognized moraines or outwash of this age. Many of the areas have deposits that may be of middle Wisconsinan age. Differences in the relative extents of early Wisconsinan alpine glaciers are not expected from the marine oxygen-isotope record and are not explained by any simple trend in climatic variables or proximity to oceanic moisture sources. However, alpine glaciers could have responded more quickly and more variably than continental ice sheets to intense, short-lived climatic events, and they may have been influenced by local climatic or hypsometric effects. The relative sizes of early and late Wisconsinan alpine glaciers could also reflect differences between early and late Wisconsinan continental ice sheets and their regional climatic effects.
Pleistocene ducks of the Old Crow Basin, Yukon Territory, Canada
Glacially redeposited pollen in tills of southern Ontario, Canada
Abstract The subsurface geology in the Toronto area, in which much underground con-struction has taken place in the past 30 years, is, in general, fairly simple, consisting of almost flat-lying Ordovician sediments overlaid by a variable thickness of Quater-nary drift deposits. The Ordovician rocks provide an interbedded sequence of shales, siltstones and limestones; and the Quaternary deposits, which range in age from Illinoian to Late Wisconsinan, consist of several tills interbedded with water-bearing sands and lacustrine clays and silts. Construction difficulties arising from the local geological conditions are not great, but unexpected encounters with excess ground water do occur. The presence in the bedrock of high horizontal stresses at shallow depths can cause difficulties, especially to the completed structure, unless the stress condition is recognized, designs are modified, and construction procedures are adapted to the unusual stress environment.