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NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Antarctica
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Antarctic Peninsula (1)
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-
Asia
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Far East
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China
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Dabie Mountains (1)
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Sulu Terrane (1)
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-
Australasia
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Australia
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Western Australia (1)
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Blue Mountains (6)
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Canada
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Western Canada
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British Columbia (1)
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Saskatchewan (1)
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Cascade Range (1)
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Central Valley (1)
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Coast Ranges (2)
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East Pacific Ocean Islands
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Hawaii
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Hawaii County Hawaii
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Hawaii Island
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Kilauea (1)
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Europe
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Western Europe
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Iceland (1)
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United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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Scotland
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Hebrides
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Inner Hebrides
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Isle of Skye (1)
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Highland region Scotland
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Inverness-shire Scotland
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Isle of Skye (1)
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Green River basin (1)
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Jack Hills (1)
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North America
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Basin and Range Province
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Great Basin (1)
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Canadian Shield
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Grenville Province (1)
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Superior Province (1)
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-
Methow Basin (1)
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North American Cordillera (9)
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North American Craton (2)
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Rocky Mountains
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Northern Rocky Mountains (1)
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Bitterroot Range (6)
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Western Overthrust Belt (1)
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Oceania
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Polynesia
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Hawaii
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Hawaii County Hawaii
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Hawaii Island
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Kilauea (1)
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-
-
-
-
-
Pacific Coast (1)
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Pacific Ocean
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East Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Cascadia Basin (1)
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-
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North Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Cascadia Basin (1)
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Salmon River (1)
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Sawtooth Range (2)
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Sierra Nevada (4)
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Snake River (1)
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South America
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Brazil
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Borborema (1)
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South Mountain (1)
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United States
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California
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Calaveras Fault (1)
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Central California (2)
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Contra Costa County California (1)
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Hayward Fault (1)
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Mariposa County California (1)
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Mono County California
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Long Valley Caldera (1)
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Newport-Inglewood Fault (1)
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Northern California (4)
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Shasta County California (1)
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Sierra Nevada Batholith (6)
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Coeur d'Alene mining district (3)
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Great Basin (1)
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Hawaii
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Hawaii County Hawaii
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Hawaii Island
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Kilauea (1)
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Idaho
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Adams County Idaho (3)
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Blaine County Idaho (1)
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Boise County Idaho (4)
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Camas County Idaho (1)
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Canyon County Idaho (1)
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Clearwater County Idaho (2)
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Custer County Idaho (4)
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Elmore County Idaho (1)
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Gooding County Idaho (1)
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Idaho County Idaho (5)
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Latah County Idaho (1)
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Lemhi County Idaho
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Salmon Idaho (1)
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Lemhi Range (1)
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Lincoln County Idaho (1)
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Owyhee County Idaho (1)
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Snake River plain (4)
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Valley County Idaho (8)
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Idaho Batholith (66)
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Klamath Mountains (6)
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Lewis and Clark Lineament (1)
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Montana
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Boulder Batholith (2)
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Granite County Montana (2)
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Jefferson County Montana (1)
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Missoula County Montana (3)
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Ravalli County Montana (5)
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Silver Bow County Montana (1)
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Nevada (4)
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New York
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Adirondack Mountains (1)
-
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Oregon (10)
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Owyhee Mountains (2)
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Bitterroot Range (6)
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Utah
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Beaver County Utah
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Mineral Mountains (1)
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Washington (1)
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Western U.S. (1)
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Wyoming (1)
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Yakima fold belt (1)
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Yellowstone National Park (1)
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commodities
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brines (1)
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geothermal energy (1)
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metal ores
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antimony ores (2)
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base metals (2)
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gold ores (4)
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mercury ores (1)
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silver ores (2)
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tungsten ores (2)
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uranium ores (1)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (8)
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mineral exploration (3)
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placers (2)
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-
elements, isotopes
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carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
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-
hydrogen
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D/H (2)
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deuterium (1)
-
-
isotope ratios (12)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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Be-10 (1)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
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D/H (2)
-
deuterium (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (11)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
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S-34/S-32 (1)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (6)
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-
-
Lu/Hf (2)
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metals
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actinides
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thorium (1)
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uranium (1)
-
-
alkali metals
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potassium (1)
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rubidium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
beryllium
-
Be-10 (1)
-
-
strontium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (6)
-
-
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
precious metals (2)
-
rare earths
-
lutetium (1)
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neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
-
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (11)
-
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
-
-
geochronology methods
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(U-Th)/He (2)
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Ar/Ar (6)
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fission-track dating (1)
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K/Ar (2)
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Lu/Hf (2)
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paleomagnetism (4)
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Rb/Sr (2)
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Sm/Nd (1)
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thermochronology (4)
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U/Pb (14)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene (1)
-
Pleistocene
-
Bishop Tuff (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Challis Volcanics (6)
-
lower Tertiary (3)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (4)
-
Grande Ronde Basalt (1)
-
lower Miocene (2)
-
middle Miocene (1)
-
Picture Gorge Basalt (1)
-
Topopah Spring Member (1)
-
upper Miocene (1)
-
-
Pliocene (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
lower Eocene (1)
-
middle Eocene
-
Tyee Formation (2)
-
-
-
lower Paleogene (1)
-
Oligocene (1)
-
Paleocene (3)
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (1)
-
Wildcat Group (1)
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (1)
-
-
Middle Cretaceous (3)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Cenomanian (1)
-
Coniacian (1)
-
Hornbrook Formation (4)
-
Santonian (1)
-
-
-
Franciscan Complex (2)
-
Great Valley Sequence (4)
-
Jurassic
-
Middle Jurassic (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Galice Formation (2)
-
-
-
middle Mesozoic (1)
-
-
Paleozoic
-
lower Paleozoic (2)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Saint George Group (1)
-
-
-
-
Phanerozoic (1)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean (3)
-
Prichard Formation (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Belt Supergroup (3)
-
Ravalli Group (1)
-
Wallace Formation (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic (3)
-
Windermere System (1)
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (1)
-
diorites
-
tonalite (4)
-
-
granites
-
aplite (1)
-
A-type granites (1)
-
-
granodiorites (5)
-
pegmatite (2)
-
quartz monzonite (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (1)
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
alkali olivine basalt (1)
-
-
-
pyroclastics
-
rhyolite tuff (1)
-
tuff (1)
-
welded tuff (1)
-
-
quartz latite (1)
-
rhyolites (4)
-
-
-
ophiolite (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
gneisses
-
orthogneiss (2)
-
paragneiss (1)
-
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasite (1)
-
metagranite (1)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (1)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
paragneiss (1)
-
-
mylonites
-
blastomylonite (1)
-
-
quartzites (1)
-
schists (1)
-
-
ophiolite (1)
-
-
minerals
-
minerals (2)
-
oxides
-
aluminum oxides (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (2)
-
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
hornblende (1)
-
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
plagioclase (2)
-
-
myrmekite (1)
-
silica minerals
-
quartz
-
smoky quartz (1)
-
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
garnet group (1)
-
zircon group
-
zircon (17)
-
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
clay minerals
-
halloysite (1)
-
kaolinite (1)
-
-
mica group
-
biotite (2)
-
muscovite (2)
-
-
-
-
sulfides
-
stibnite (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (22)
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic Peninsula (1)
-
-
Asia
-
Far East
-
China
-
Dabie Mountains (1)
-
Sulu Terrane (1)
-
-
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Western Australia (1)
-
-
-
biography (1)
-
brines (1)
-
Canada
-
Western Canada
-
British Columbia (1)
-
Saskatchewan (1)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene (1)
-
Pleistocene
-
Bishop Tuff (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Challis Volcanics (6)
-
lower Tertiary (3)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (4)
-
Grande Ronde Basalt (1)
-
lower Miocene (2)
-
middle Miocene (1)
-
Picture Gorge Basalt (1)
-
Topopah Spring Member (1)
-
upper Miocene (1)
-
-
Pliocene (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
lower Eocene (1)
-
middle Eocene
-
Tyee Formation (2)
-
-
-
lower Paleogene (1)
-
Oligocene (1)
-
Paleocene (3)
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (1)
-
Wildcat Group (1)
-
-
clay mineralogy (1)
-
crust (14)
-
crystal chemistry (1)
-
deformation (11)
-
earthquakes (1)
-
East Pacific Ocean Islands
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
-
Kilauea (1)
-
-
-
-
-
economic geology (3)
-
Europe
-
Western Europe
-
Iceland (1)
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
Scotland
-
Hebrides
-
Inner Hebrides
-
Isle of Skye (1)
-
-
-
Highland region Scotland
-
Inverness-shire Scotland
-
Isle of Skye (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
faults (20)
-
foliation (5)
-
geochemistry (10)
-
geochronology (3)
-
geomorphology (1)
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geophysical methods (3)
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geothermal energy (1)
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ground water (1)
-
heat flow (3)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (2)
-
deuterium (1)
-
-
hydrology (1)
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (1)
-
diorites
-
tonalite (4)
-
-
granites
-
aplite (1)
-
A-type granites (1)
-
-
granodiorites (5)
-
pegmatite (2)
-
quartz monzonite (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (1)
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
alkali olivine basalt (1)
-
-
-
pyroclastics
-
rhyolite tuff (1)
-
tuff (1)
-
welded tuff (1)
-
-
quartz latite (1)
-
rhyolites (4)
-
-
-
inclusions
-
fluid inclusions (3)
-
-
intrusions (31)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Be-10 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
D/H (2)
-
deuterium (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (11)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (6)
-
-
-
lava (2)
-
lineation (1)
-
magmas (11)
-
mantle (4)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (1)
-
-
Middle Cretaceous (3)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Cenomanian (1)
-
Coniacian (1)
-
Hornbrook Formation (4)
-
Santonian (1)
-
-
-
Franciscan Complex (2)
-
Great Valley Sequence (4)
-
Jurassic
-
Middle Jurassic (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Galice Formation (2)
-
-
-
middle Mesozoic (1)
-
-
metal ores
-
antimony ores (2)
-
base metals (2)
-
gold ores (4)
-
mercury ores (1)
-
silver ores (2)
-
tungsten ores (2)
-
uranium ores (1)
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
thorium (1)
-
uranium (1)
-
-
alkali metals
-
potassium (1)
-
rubidium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
beryllium
-
Be-10 (1)
-
-
strontium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (6)
-
-
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
precious metals (2)
-
rare earths
-
lutetium (1)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
-
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
gneisses
-
orthogneiss (2)
-
paragneiss (1)
-
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasite (1)
-
metagranite (1)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (1)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
paragneiss (1)
-
-
mylonites
-
blastomylonite (1)
-
-
quartzites (1)
-
schists (1)
-
-
metamorphism (9)
-
metasomatism (4)
-
mineral deposits, genesis (8)
-
mineral exploration (3)
-
mineralogy (2)
-
minerals (2)
-
Mohorovicic discontinuity (1)
-
North America
-
Basin and Range Province
-
Great Basin (1)
-
-
Canadian Shield
-
Grenville Province (1)
-
Superior Province (1)
-
-
Methow Basin (1)
-
North American Cordillera (9)
-
North American Craton (2)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Northern Rocky Mountains (1)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Bitterroot Range (6)
-
-
-
Western Overthrust Belt (1)
-
-
Oceania
-
Polynesia
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
-
Kilauea (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
orogeny (2)
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (11)
-
-
Pacific Coast (1)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Cascadia Basin (1)
-
-
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Cascadia Basin (1)
-
-
-
-
paleogeography (2)
-
paleomagnetism (4)
-
Paleozoic
-
lower Paleozoic (2)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Saint George Group (1)
-
-
-
-
paragenesis (3)
-
petrology (7)
-
Phanerozoic (1)
-
phase equilibria (4)
-
placers (2)
-
plate tectonics (8)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean (3)
-
Prichard Formation (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Belt Supergroup (3)
-
Ravalli Group (1)
-
Wallace Formation (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic (3)
-
Windermere System (1)
-
-
-
-
sea-floor spreading (1)
-
sedimentary petrology (1)
-
sedimentary rocks
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carbonate rocks
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dolostone (1)
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-
clastic rocks
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conglomerate (1)
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sandstone (3)
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-
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sedimentation (6)
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sediments (1)
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soils (1)
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South America
-
Brazil
-
Borborema (1)
-
-
-
structural analysis (5)
-
structural geology (5)
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
-
tectonics
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neotectonics (1)
-
-
tectonophysics (1)
-
United States
-
California
-
Calaveras Fault (1)
-
Central California (2)
-
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
Idaho Batholith
Timing of Hydrothermal Alteration and Au-Sb-W Mineralization, Stibnite-Yellow Pine District, Idaho Open Access
The 2020 M w 6.5 Stanley, Idaho, Earthquake and Aftershock Sequence: Complex Faulting at the Northern End of the Basin and Range Province Available to Purchase
Two phases of Cretaceous dextral shearing recorded in the plutonic rocks of NW Nevada (USA): A tectonic link between intra-arc shearing in the Sierra Nevada and Idaho batholiths Open Access
Regional Geologic Framework of Mineral Deposits in the Stibnite-Edwardsburg Area, Central Idaho Open Access
Upper-plate response to ridge subduction and oceanic plateau accretion, Washington Cascades and surrounding region: Implications for plate tectonic evolution of the Pacific Northwest (USA and southwestern Canada) in the Paleogene Open Access
The jagged western edge of Laurentia: The role of inherited rifted lithospheric structure in subsequent tectonism in the Pacific Northwest Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT The rifted Precambrian margin of western Laurentia is hypothesized to have consisted of a series of ~330°-oriented rift segments and ~060°-oriented transform segments. One difficulty with this idea is that the 87 Sr/ 86 Sr i = 0.706 isopleth, which is inferred to coincide with the trace of this rifted margin, is oriented approximately N-S along the western edge of the Idaho batholith and E-W in northern Idaho; the transition between the N-S– and E-W–oriented segments occurs near Orofino, Idaho. We present new paleomagnetic and geochronologic evidence that indicates that the area around Orofino, Idaho, has rotated ~30° clockwise since ca. 85 Ma. Consequently, we interpret the current N-S–oriented margin as originally oriented ~330°, consistent with a Precambrian rift segment, and the E-W margin as originally oriented ~060°, consistent with a transform segment. Independent geochemical and seismic evidence corroborates this interpretation of rotation of Blue Mountains terranes and adjacent Laurentian block. Left-lateral motion along the Lewis and Clark zone during Late Cretaceous–Paleogene time likely accommodated this rotation. The clockwise rotation partially explains the presence of the Columbia embayment, as Laurentian lithosphere was located further west. Restoration of the rotation results in a reconstructed Neoproterozoic margin with a distinct promontory and embayment, and it constrains the rifting direction as SW oriented. The rigid Precambrian rift-transform corner created a transpressional syntaxis during middle Cretaceous deformation associated with the western Idaho and Ahsahka shear zones. During the late Miocene to present, the Precambrian rift-transform corner has acted as a fulcrum, with the Blue Mountains terranes as the lever arm. This motion also explains the paired fan-shaped contractional deformation of the Yakima fold-and-thrust belt and fan-shaped extensional deformation in the Hells Canyon extensional province.
Tectonic evolution of the central California margin as reflected by detrital zircon composition in the Mount Diablo region Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT The Mount Diablo region has been located within a hypothesized persistent corridor for clastic sediment delivery to the central California continental margin over the past ~100 m.y. In this paper, we present new detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology and integrate it with previously established geologic and sedimentologic relationships to document how Late Cretaceous through Cenozoic trends in sandstone composition varied through time in response to changing tectonic environments and paleogeography. Petrographic composition and detrital zircon age distributions of Great Valley forearc stratigraphy demonstrate a transition from axial drainage of the Klamath Mountains to a dominantly transverse Sierra Nevada plutonic source throughout Late Cretaceous–early Paleogene time. The abrupt presence of significant pre-Permian and Late Cretaceous–early Paleogene zircon age components suggests an addition of extraregional sediment derived from the Idaho batholith region and Challis volcanic field into the northern forearc basin by early–middle Eocene time as a result of continental extension and unroofing. New data from the Upper Cenozoic strata in the East Bay region show a punctuated voluminous influx (>30%) of middle Eocene–Miocene detrital zircon age populations that corresponds with westward migration and cessation of silicic ignimbrite eruptions in the Nevada caldera belt (ca. 43–40, 26–23 Ma). Delivery of extraregional sediment to central California diminished by early Miocene time as renewed erosion of the Sierra Nevada batholith and recycling of forearc strata were increasingly replaced by middle–late Miocene andesitic arc–derived sediment that was sourced from Ancestral Cascade volcanism (ca. 15–10 Ma) in the northern Sierra Nevada. Conversely, Cenozoic detrital zircon age distributions representative of the Mesozoic Sierra Nevada batholith and radiolarian chert and blueschist-facies lithics reflect sediment eroded from locally exhumed Mesozoic subduction complex and forearc basin strata. Intermingling of eastern- and western-derived provenance sources is consistent with uplift of the Coast Ranges and reversal of sediment transport associated with the late Miocene transpressive deformation along the Hayward and Calaveras faults. These provenance trends demonstrate a reorganization and expansion of the western continental drainage catchment in the California forearc during the late transition to flat-slab subduction of the Farallon plate, subsequent volcanism, and southwestward migration of the paleodrainage divide during slab roll-back, and ultimately the cessation of convergent margin tectonics and initiation of the continental transform margin in north-central California.
Deep-water deposits of the Eocene Tyee Formation, Oregon Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT The Eocene Tyee Formation of west central Oregon, USA, records deposition in a forearc basin. With outcrop exposures of fluvial/deltaic to shelf and submarine fan depositional environments and known sediment sourcing constrained by detrital zircon dating and mineralogy linked to the Idaho Batholith, it is possible to place deposits of the Tyee Formation in a source-to-sink context. A research program carried out by the Department of Geological Sciences at The University of Texas at Austin and ExxonMobil Research Company’s Clastic Stratigraphy Group has reconstructed the Eocene continental margin from shelf to slope to basin floor using outcrop and subsurface data. This work allows us to put observations of individual outcrops into a basin-scale context. This field trip will visit examples of depositional environments across the entire preserved source-to-sink system, but it will focus on the deep-water deposits of the Tyee Formation that range from slope channels to proximal and distal basin-floor fans. High-quality roadcuts reveal the geometry of slope channel-fills in both depositional strike and dip orientations. Thick, sand-rich medial fan deposits show vertical amalgamation and a high degree of lateral continuity of sandstones and mudstones. Distal fan facies with both classic Bouma-type turbidites and combined flow or slurry deposits are well exposed along a series of new roadcuts east of Newport, Oregon. The larger basin-scale context of the Tyee Formation is illustrated at a quarry in the northern end of the basin where the contact between the oceanic crust of the underlying Siletzia terrane and submarine fan deposits of the Tyee Formation is exposed. The Tyee Formation provides an excellent opportunity to see the facies and three-dimensional geometry of deep-water deposits, and to show how these deposits can be used to help reconstruct ancient continental margins.
Mesozoic crustal melting and metamorphism in the U.S. Cordilleran hinterland: Insights from the Sawtooth metamorphic complex, central Idaho Available to Purchase
Constraints on the post-orogenic tectonic history along the Salmon River suture zone from low-temperature thermochronology, western Idaho and eastern Oregon Available to Purchase
Provenance analysis of the Ochoco basin, central Oregon: A window into the Late Cretaceous paleogeography of the northern U.S. Cordillera Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT Cretaceous forearc strata of the Ochoco basin in central Oregon may preserve a record of regional transpression, magmatism, and mountain building within the Late Cretaceous Cordillera. Given the volume of material that must have been eroded from the Sierra Nevada and Idaho batholith to result in modern exposures of mid-and deep-crustal rocks, Cretaceous forearc basins have the potential to preserve a record of arc magmatism no longer preserved within the arc, if forearc sediment can be confidently linked to sources. Paleogeographic models for mid-Cretaceous time indicate that the Blue Mountains and the Ochoco sedimentary overlap succession experienced postdepositional, coast-parallel, dextral translation of less than 400 km or as much as 1700 km. Our detailed provenance study of the Ochoco basin and comparison of Ochoco basin provenance with that of the Hornbrook Formation, Great Valley Group, and Methow basin test paleogeographic models and the potential extent of Cretaceous forearc deposition. Deposition of Ochoco strata was largely Late Cretaceous, from Albian through at least Santonian time (ca. 113–86 Ma and younger), rather than Albian–Cenomanian (ca. 113–94 Ma). Provenance characteristics of the Ochoco basin are consistent with northern U.S. Cordilleran sources, and Ochoco strata may represent the destination of much of the mid- to Late Cretaceous Idaho arc that was intruded and eroded during and following rapid transpression along the western Idaho shear zone. Our provenance results suggest that the Hornbrook Formation and Ochoco basin formed two sides of the same depositional system, which may have been linked to the Great Valley Group to the south by Coniacian time, but was not connected to the Methow basin. These results limit northward displacement of the Ochoco basin to less than 400 km relative to the North American craton, and suggest that the anomalously shallow paleomagnetic inclinations may result from significant inclination error, rather than deposition at low latitudes. Our results demonstrate that detailed provenance analysis of forearc strata complements the incomplete record of arc magmatism and tectonics preserved in bedrock exposures, and permits improved understanding of Late Cretaceous Cordilleran paleogeography.
Review of mid-Mesozoic to Paleogene evolution of the northern and central Californian accretionary margin Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT Spatial distributions of widespread igneous arc rocks and high-pressure–low-temperature (HP/LT) metamafic rocks, combined with U-Pb maximum ages of deposition from detrital zircon and petrofacies of Jurassic–Miocene clastic sedimentary rocks, constrain the geologic development of the northern and central Californian accretionary margin: (1) Before ca. 175 Ma, transpressive plate subduction initiated construction of a magmatic arc astride the Klamath-Sierran crustal margin. (2) Paleo-Pacific oceanic-plate rocks were recrystallized under HP/LT conditions in an east-dipping subduction zone beneath the arc at ca. 170–155 Ma. Stored at depth, these HP/LT metamafic blocks returned surfaceward mainly during mid- and Late Cretaceous time as olistoliths and tectonic fragments entrained in circulating, buoyant Franciscan mud-matrix mélange. (3) By ca. 165 Ma and continuing to at least ca. 150 Ma, erosion of the volcanic arc supplied upper-crustal debris to the Mariposa-Galice and Myrtle arc-margin strata. (4) By ca. 140 Ma, the Klamath salient had moved ~80–100 km westward relative to the Sierran arc, initiating a new, outboard convergent plate junction, and trapping old oceanic crust on the south as the Great Valley Ophiolite. (5) Following end-of-Jurassic development of a new Farallon–North American east-dipping plate junction, terrigenous debris began to accumulate as the seaward Franciscan trench complex and landward Great Valley Group plus Hornbrook forearc clastic rocks. (6) Voluminous deposition and accretion of Franciscan Eastern and Central belt and Great Valley Group detritus occurred during vigorous Sierran igneous activity attending rapid, nearly orthogonal plate subduction starting at ca. 125 Ma. (7) Although minor traces of Grenville-age detrital zircon occur in other sandstones studied in this report, they are absent from post–120 Ma Franciscan strata. (8) Sierra Nevada magmatism ceased by ca. 85 Ma, signaling transition to subhorizontal eastward underflow attending Laramide orogeny farther inland. (9) Exposed Paleogene Franciscan Coastal belt sandstone accreted in a tectonic realm unaffected by HP/LT recrystallization. (10) Judging by petrofacies and zircon U-Pb ages, Franciscan Eastern belt rocks contain clasts derived chiefly from the Sierran and Klamath ranges. Detritus from the Sierra Nevada ± Idaho batholiths is present in some Central belt strata, whereas clasts from the Idaho batholith, Challis volcanics, and Cascade igneous arc appear in progressively younger Paleogene Coastal belt sandstone.
Introduction: EarthScope IDOR project (deformation and magmatic modification of a steep continental margin, western Idaho–eastern Oregon) themed issue Open Access
Internal fabrics of the Idaho batholith, USA Open Access
Cooling and exhumation of the southern Idaho batholith Open Access
Construction and preservation of batholiths in the northern U.S. Cordillera Open Access
A strong contrast in crustal architecture from accreted terranes to craton, constrained by controlled-source seismic data in Idaho and eastern Oregon Open Access
Exploring the western Idaho shear zone using the StraboSpot data system Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT The Salmon River suture zone is the boundary between the accreted (Blue Mountain) terranes and cratonic North America in western Idaho. This region was the focus of study by the EarthScope IDOR (IDaho-ORegon) project that integrated structural geology, geochemistry, geochronology, and seismology. This field trip traverses from western Idaho to eastern Oregon, covering the Atlanta lobe of the Idaho batholith, Blue Mountains terranes, and the middle Cretaceous western Idaho shear zone that separates these two domains. The main component of the Atlanta lobe is the Atlanta peraluminous suite, and it intruded from 83 to 65 Ma, was derived from crustal melting, and lacks a regionally consistent fabric. The crust below the Idaho batholith is relatively thick and seismic velocities are consistent with the entire crust being relatively felsic. The western Idaho shear zone overprints the Salmon River suture zone and obscures most evidence for the suturing. It is the present boundary between Blue Mountains terranes and cratonic North America. From studies along this transect, we have determined that the western Idaho shear zone exhibits dextral transpressional deformation, was active from ca. 103 to 90 Ma, and magmatism occurred during deformation; presently exposed levels on this transect record deformation conditions of 730 °C and 4.3 kbars. There is an ~7 km vertical step in the Moho at or slightly (<20 km) east of the current exposure of the western Idaho shear zone, separating thicker crust to the east from thinner crust to the west. Blue Mountains terranes immediately outboard of the western Idaho shear zone likely were located farther south during the middle Cretaceous and underwent strike-slip displacement during western Idaho shear zone deformation. The Olds Ferry terrane—the accreted terrane located immediately west of the western Idaho shear zone—was underplated by mafic magmatism, likely in the Miocene during eruption of the Columbia River basalt group. The field trip will utilize StraboSpot, a recently developed digital data system for structural geology and tectonics, so participants can investigate the relevant data associated with the IDOR EarthScope project.
Detrital-zircon geochronology of the Sawtooth metamorphic complex, Idaho: Evidence for metamorphosed lower Paleozoic shelf strata within the Idaho batholith Open Access
Mid-Jurassic to early Miocene clastic deposition along the northern California margin: Provenance and plate-tectonic speculations Available to Purchase
Based on relationships among volcanic-plutonic arc rocks, high-pressure–low-temperature (HP-LT) metamafic rocks, westward relative migration of the Klamath Mountains salient, and locations of the Mariposa-Galice, Great Valley Group, and Franciscan depositional basins, the following geologic evolution is inferred for the northern California continental edge: (1) By ca. 175 Ma, onset of transpressive plate underflow generated an Andean-type Klamath-Sierran arc along the margin. At ca. 165 Ma and continuing to ca. 150–140 Ma, erosion supplied volcanogenic debris to proximal Mariposa-Galice ± Myrtle overlap strata. (2) Oceanic crustal rocks were metamorphosed under HP-LT conditions in an inboard, east-inclined subduction zone from ca. 165 to 150 Ma. Most such mafic rocks remained stored at depth, and HP-LT tectonic blocks only returned surfaceward during the Late Cretaceous, chiefly entrained in circulating, buoyant Franciscan mud-matrix mélange. (3) At end-of-Jurassic time, before onset of paired Franciscan and Great Valley Group + Hornbrook deposition, the Klamath salient was deformed and displaced ∼100–200 km westward relative to the Sierran arc. (4) After this ca. 140 Ma seaward step-out of the Farallon–North American convergent plate junction—stranding preexisting oceanic crust on the south as the Coast Range ophiolite—terrigenous debris began to arrive at the Franciscan trench and intervening Great Valley forearc. Voluminous sedimentation and accretion of Franciscan Eastern + Central belt and Great Valley Group coeval detritus took place during paroxysmal igneous activity and rapid, nearly orthogonal plate convergence at ca. 125–80 Ma. (5) Sierran arc volcanism-plutonism ceased by ca. 80 Ma in northern California, signaling a transition to shallow, nearly subhorizontal eastward plate underflow attending Laramide orogeny far to the east. (6) Paleogene–Lower Miocene Franciscan Coastal belt sedimentary strata were deposited in a tectonic realm nearly unaffected by HP-LT subduction. (7) Grenville-age detrital zircons apparently are absent from the post–120 Ma Franciscan section. Detritus from the Pacific Northwest is not present in the Central belt sandstones, whereas zircons from the Idaho Batholith, the Challis volcanics, and the Cascade Range appear in progressively younger Paleogene–Lower Miocene Coastal belt sediments. This trend suggests the possible gradual NW dextral offset of Franciscan trench deposits of up to ∼1600 km relative to the autochthonous Great Valley Group forearc and basement terranes of the American Southwest.