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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Cape Verde Islands (1)
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Central Africa
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Congo Democratic Republic
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East Africa
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Aztec Sandstone (2)
-
Bazhenov Formation (2)
-
Carmel Formation (1)
-
Clarens Formation (4)
-
Lathi Formation (1)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
East Berlin Formation (1)
-
Hettangian (6)
-
lower Liassic (5)
-
Pliensbachian (7)
-
Sinemurian (1)
-
Sunrise Formation (1)
-
Toarcian
-
lower Toarcian (2)
-
-
Triassic-Jurassic boundary (3)
-
upper Liassic (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Aalenian (2)
-
Bajocian (6)
-
Bathonian (7)
-
Callovian (6)
-
Dogger (1)
-
-
Posidonia Shale (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Arab Formation (2)
-
Argovian (1)
-
Brushy Basin Member (2)
-
Entrada Sandstone (6)
-
Hanifa Formation (2)
-
Kimmeridge Clay (1)
-
Kimmeridgian (4)
-
Morrison Formation (13)
-
Oxfordian (9)
-
Portlandian (1)
-
Sundance Formation (1)
-
Tithonian (3)
-
Volgian (2)
-
-
-
Maiolica Limestone (1)
-
Moenave Formation (1)
-
Navajo Sandstone (6)
-
Newark Supergroup (4)
-
Nugget Sandstone (2)
-
Pucara Group (1)
-
Triassic
-
Fremouw Formation (1)
-
Hawkesbury Sandstone (1)
-
Liard Formation (2)
-
Lower Triassic
-
Griesbachian (2)
-
Induan (1)
-
Olenekian (1)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (11)
-
Scythian (1)
-
Smithian (1)
-
Spathian (2)
-
Werfenian (1)
-
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (2)
-
Ladinian (3)
-
Muschelkalk (2)
-
-
Moenkopi Formation (4)
-
Montney Formation (4)
-
Red Peak Formation (2)
-
Sherwood Sandstone (1)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Baldonnel Formation (2)
-
Carnian (4)
-
Chinle Formation (2)
-
Mercia Mudstone (1)
-
Molteno Formation (2)
-
Norian (8)
-
Rhaetian (4)
-
Sag River Sandstone (1)
-
Stormberg Series (1)
-
Triassic-Jurassic boundary (3)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic
-
Yixian Formation (1)
-
-
Vaca Muerta Formation (2)
-
-
MIS 5 (2)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Carrara Formation (1)
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Antietam Formation (1)
-
Chilhowee Group (1)
-
Gog Group (2)
-
Poleta Formation (6)
-
Rome Formation (1)
-
Terreneuvian
-
Fortunian (5)
-
-
Tommotian (4)
-
Yudoma Series (1)
-
Zabriskie Quartzite (1)
-
-
Middle Cambrian
-
Bright Angel Shale (1)
-
Burgess Shale (9)
-
Flathead Sandstone (1)
-
-
Pioche Shale (1)
-
Semri Series (2)
-
Tapeats Sandstone (1)
-
Tintic Quartzite (1)
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Dresbachian (2)
-
Eau Claire Formation (2)
-
Mount Simon Sandstone (1)
-
Nopah Formation (1)
-
Potsdam Sandstone (5)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Albert Formation (1)
-
Hale Formation (1)
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (3)
-
-
Mississippian
-
Borden Group (1)
-
Harrodsburg Limestone (1)
-
Logan Formation (2)
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Cuyahoga Formation (2)
-
Kinderhookian
-
Banff Formation (1)
-
-
Osagian
-
Burlington Limestone (1)
-
-
Tournaisian (3)
-
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean (3)
-
-
Newman Limestone (1)
-
Price Formation (4)
-
Ramp Creek Formation (1)
-
Sunbury Shale (1)
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Chesterian (3)
-
Meramecian
-
Saint Louis Limestone (2)
-
Sainte Genevieve Limestone (1)
-
Salem Limestone (2)
-
-
Pitkin Limestone (1)
-
Serpukhovian (2)
-
-
-
Namurian (1)
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Conemaugh Group (3)
-
Cumberland Group (1)
-
Hermosa Group (1)
-
Herrin Coal Member (1)
-
Joggins Formation (2)
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Crab Orchard Mountains Group (1)
-
Lee Formation (2)
-
Morrowan (4)
-
-
Mansfield Formation (2)
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Atokan
-
Atoka Formation (1)
-
-
Breathitt Formation (1)
-
Carbondale Formation (1)
-
Desmoinesian
-
Hartshorne Sandstone (1)
-
-
Dugger Formation (1)
-
Kanawha Formation (1)
-
-
Minturn Formation (1)
-
Monongahela Group (3)
-
Pottsville Group (2)
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Glenshaw Formation (1)
-
Kasimovian (1)
-
Missourian
-
Rock Lake Shale Member (1)
-
Stanton Formation (1)
-
-
Virgilian
-
Douglas Group (2)
-
Shawnee Group (2)
-
Tonganoxie Sandstone (1)
-
-
-
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Karharbari Stage (1)
-
Stephanian (3)
-
Westphalian (4)
-
-
-
Catskill Formation (2)
-
Deadwood Formation (1)
-
Devonian
-
Genesee Group (1)
-
Guilmette Formation (1)
-
Hunsruck Shale (1)
-
Lower Devonian
-
Battery Point Formation (2)
-
Emsian (6)
-
Gedinnian (1)
-
Lochkovian (2)
-
Pragian (2)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Boyle Dolomite (1)
-
Columbus Limestone (1)
-
Eifelian (2)
-
Givetian (1)
-
Hamilton Group (6)
-
Ludlowville Formation (1)
-
Moscow Formation (1)
-
Onondaga Limestone (1)
-
-
Muth Quartzite (2)
-
Old Red Sandstone (10)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Chemung Formation (2)
-
Famennian
-
lower Famennian (1)
-
upper Famennian (2)
-
-
Frasnian
-
upper Frasnian (1)
-
-
Hampshire Formation (2)
-
Kellwasser event (1)
-
Ohio Shale (1)
-
Palliser Formation (2)
-
West Falls Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Old Red Sandstone (1)
-
Waterways Formation (1)
-
-
Dunkard Group (3)
-
Ellis Bay Formation (1)
-
Exshaw Formation (1)
-
Hanson Creek Formation (1)
-
Helderberg Group (1)
-
Ishbel Group (1)
-
Itarare Subgroup (1)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Cape Phillips Formation (2)
-
-
Matapedia Group (1)
-
Oquirrh Formation (4)
-
Ordovician
-
Ely Springs Dolomite (2)
-
Eureka Quartzite (2)
-
Gull River Formation (1)
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Arenigian (3)
-
Fillmore Formation (1)
-
Ibexian (1)
-
Manitou Formation (2)
-
Tremadocian (6)
-
-
Martinsburg Formation (1)
-
Meguma Group (3)
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Black River Group (2)
-
Bromide Formation (1)
-
Champlainian (1)
-
Chazyan (1)
-
Darriwilian (2)
-
Galena Dolomite (1)
-
Llanvirnian (1)
-
Platteville Formation (1)
-
Whiterockian (1)
-
Winnipeg Formation (1)
-
-
Skiddaw Slates (1)
-
Trenton Group (6)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (2)
-
Bighorn Dolomite (3)
-
Caradocian
-
Borrowdale Volcanic Group (4)
-
-
Cincinnatian
-
Maysvillian (3)
-
Richmondian (2)
-
-
Edenian (2)
-
Fairview Formation (2)
-
Fish Haven Dolomite (1)
-
Hirnantian (1)
-
Juniata Formation (3)
-
Katian (5)
-
Kope Formation (3)
-
Queenston Shale (1)
-
Red River Formation (1)
-
Sandbian (2)
-
Trentonian (9)
-
Yeoman Formation (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Buckley Formation (1)
-
Coconino Sandstone (4)
-
Ecca Group (6)
-
Guadalupian
-
Capitanian (1)
-
Roadian (1)
-
-
Kaibab Formation (1)
-
Khuff Formation (2)
-
Lower Permian
-
Abo Formation (2)
-
Cisuralian
-
Asselian (2)
-
Sakmarian (1)
-
-
Qixia Formation (1)
-
Wolfcampian
-
Hueco Limestone (3)
-
-
-
Lyons Sandstone (1)
-
Maokou Formation (1)
-
Middle Permian (4)
-
Phosphoria Formation (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Lopingian
-
Changhsingian (1)
-
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (11)
-
Rio do Rasto Formation (1)
-
-
Vryheid Formation (2)
-
Wellington Formation (1)
-
-
Ringerike Sandstone (1)
-
Silurian
-
Lockport Formation (1)
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery
-
Aberystwyth Grits (1)
-
Aeronian (1)
-
Rhuddanian (1)
-
Telychian (2)
-
-
Qalibah Formation (1)
-
Tuscarora Formation (2)
-
Wenlock (2)
-
-
Middle Silurian
-
Waldron Shale (1)
-
-
Niagaran (1)
-
Upper Silurian
-
Bloomsburg Formation (2)
-
Cayugan
-
Tonoloway Limestone (1)
-
-
Ludlow (3)
-
Pridoli (3)
-
Salina Group (1)
-
-
-
Talchir Formation (2)
-
Tensleep Sandstone (1)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Bakken Formation (1)
-
Dwyka Formation (2)
-
Fountain Formation (1)
-
Guandacol Formation (1)
-
-
-
Phanerozoic (21)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Gilman Formation (1)
-
-
Delhi Supergroup (2)
-
Kaladgi System (1)
-
Stirling Quartzite (3)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Bambui Group (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Belt Supergroup (1)
-
Helikian (1)
-
-
Miette Group (2)
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Blaini Formation (1)
-
Brioverian (2)
-
Cryogenian (1)
-
Dengying Formation (2)
-
Doushantuo Formation (1)
-
Ediacaran (72)
-
Hadrynian (1)
-
Infracambrian (1)
-
Marinoan (1)
-
Nantuo Formation (1)
-
Otavi Group (1)
-
Riphean (2)
-
Vendian (36)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic (3)
-
Sinian
-
Dengying Formation (2)
-
Doushantuo Formation (1)
-
Nantuo Formation (1)
-
-
Windermere System (5)
-
-
-
Wyman Formation (2)
-
-
Vindhyan (3)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase (1)
-
diorites (1)
-
granites (2)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
spilite (1)
-
-
flood basalts (1)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (1)
-
-
dacites (1)
-
glasses
-
palagonite (1)
-
-
pyroclastics
-
hyaloclastite (1)
-
tuff (7)
-
-
rhyolites (1)
-
-
-
ophiolite (2)
-
volcanic ash (3)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
gneisses (1)
-
metasedimentary rocks (2)
-
metavolcanic rocks (2)
-
quartzites (2)
-
slates (1)
-
-
ophiolite (2)
-
turbidite (26)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites (4)
-
-
minerals
-
carbonates
-
aragonite (3)
-
calcite (6)
-
dolomite (2)
-
rhodochrosite (1)
-
siderite (2)
-
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
halite (1)
-
-
-
minerals (2)
-
organic minerals
-
amber (2)
-
-
oxides
-
goethite (1)
-
hematite (1)
-
hollandite (1)
-
iron oxides (2)
-
limonite (1)
-
lithiophorite (1)
-
manganese oxides (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (1)
-
francolite (2)
-
-
silicates
-
aluminosilicates (1)
-
framework silicates
-
silica minerals
-
quartz (2)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
titanite group
-
titanite (2)
-
-
zircon group
-
zircon (17)
-
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chamosite (1)
-
-
clay minerals
-
kaolinite (1)
-
nontronite (1)
-
smectite (2)
-
-
illite (1)
-
mica group
-
glauconite (1)
-
-
serpentine group
-
berthierine (1)
-
-
-
-
sulfates
-
barite (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
pyrite (9)
-
-
uranium minerals (1)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (35)
-
Africa
-
Cape Verde Islands (1)
-
Central Africa
-
Congo Democratic Republic
-
Kinshasa Congo Democratic Republic (1)
-
-
-
East Africa
-
Eritrea (1)
-
Kenya (4)
-
Lake Turkana (1)
-
Tanzania
-
Laetoli (1)
-
Olduvai Gorge (1)
-
-
-
East African Lakes
-
Lake Kariba (1)
-
Lake Turkana (1)
-
-
Kalahari Desert (2)
-
Lebombo Mountains (1)
-
Madagascar
-
Mahajanga Basin (1)
-
-
Namib Desert (1)
-
North Africa
-
Algeria
-
Ahaggar (1)
-
Ahnet (1)
-
Bechar Algeria
-
Ougarta Algeria (1)
-
-
Mouydir (1)
-
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (2)
-
High Atlas (2)
-
-
-
Egypt
-
Safaga Egypt (1)
-
Sinai Egypt (1)
-
-
Libya
-
Murzuk Basin (2)
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (2)
-
High Atlas (2)
-
-
Tafilalt (1)
-
-
Tunisia (3)
-
-
Nubian Shield (1)
-
Sahara (2)
-
Southern Africa
-
Botswana (1)
-
Kaapvaal Craton (1)
-
Karoo Basin (9)
-
Lesotho (3)
-
Namibia (16)
-
South Africa
-
Cape fold belt (1)
-
Cape Province region (1)
-
Eastern Cape Province South Africa (6)
-
Free State South Africa (1)
-
KwaZulu-Natal South Africa (2)
-
Limpopo South Africa (1)
-
Mpumalanga South Africa (1)
-
Northern Cape Province South Africa (2)
-
Sutherland South Africa (1)
-
Western Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
-
Swaziland (1)
-
Zimbabwe (2)
-
-
West Africa
-
Mali (1)
-
Mauritania (1)
-
Taoudenni Basin (2)
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
East Antarctica (2)
-
James Ross Island (2)
-
Marie Byrd Land (1)
-
Ross Ice Shelf (1)
-
Transantarctic Mountains
-
Beardmore Glacier (3)
-
Pensacola Mountains (1)
-
Queen Alexandra Range (1)
-
-
Victoria Land
-
Allan Hills (1)
-
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Barents Sea
-
White Sea (2)
-
-
Canada Basin (1)
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
East Greenland (6)
-
Jameson Land (6)
-
Northern Greenland (4)
-
Peary Land (1)
-
Scoresby Land (2)
-
West Greenland (1)
-
-
Russian Arctic (1)
-
Svalbard
-
Spitsbergen
-
Spitsbergen Island
-
Ny Friesland (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Asia
-
Altai Mountains
-
Mongolian Altai (2)
-
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Arabian Shield (1)
-
Kuwait (1)
-
Oman
-
Oman Mountains (4)
-
-
Qatar (1)
-
Saudi Arabia
-
Ghawar Field (1)
-
-
United Arab Emirates
-
Abu Dhabi (1)
-
-
-
Far East
-
Borneo
-
Kalimantan Indonesia (1)
-
-
Burma (1)
-
China
-
Gansu China (1)
-
Guangxi China (1)
-
Guiyang China (1)
-
Guizhou China (6)
-
Henan China (1)
-
Hubei China
-
Wuhan China (1)
-
-
Inner Mongolia China (2)
-
Jilin China (1)
-
Liaoning China
-
Beipiao China (1)
-
-
Shandong China
-
Huang He delta (1)
-
-
Sichuan China (1)
-
South China Block (1)
-
Xinjiang China
-
Junggar Basin (1)
-
-
Xizang China (1)
-
Yangtze Platform (2)
-
Yangtze Three Gorges (3)
-
Yunnan China
-
Jinning China (3)
-
Kunming China (2)
-
Lufeng China (1)
-
-
-
Indonesia
-
Kalimantan Indonesia (1)
-
-
Japan
-
Hokkaido (2)
-
Honshu
-
Akita Japan
-
Oga Peninsula (1)
-
-
Chiba Japan (1)
-
Chiba Peninsula (4)
-
Miura Peninsula (1)
-
Miyagi Japan (1)
-
-
Kyushu
-
Miyazaki Japan (1)
-
-
Ryukyu Islands
-
Okinawa (1)
-
-
Sendai Japan (1)
-
Shikoku (1)
-
-
Korea
-
South Korea
-
Pohang South Korea (1)
-
-
-
Lesser Sunda Islands
-
Timor (1)
-
-
Mongolia
-
Bayn Dzak (1)
-
Mongolian Altai (2)
-
-
Philippine Islands (1)
-
Vietnam (1)
-
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Gobi Desert (3)
-
Himalayas
-
Garhwal Himalayas (1)
-
Kumaun Himalayas
-
Simla Hills (1)
-
-
Lesser Himalayas (2)
-
Zanskar Range (2)
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Indian Peninsula
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Afghanistan (1)
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Bengal (1)
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Bhutan (1)
-
India
-
Anantnag India (1)
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Andhra Pradesh India
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Cuddapah Basin (1)
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Rajahmundry India (1)
-
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Bihar India (1)
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Gujarat India
-
Kathiawar (1)
-
Kutch India
-
Bhuj India (1)
-
-
-
Haryana India (1)
-
Himachal Pradesh India
-
Kinnaur India (3)
-
Simla Hills (1)
-
Spiti (2)
-
-
Jharkhand India
-
Hazaribagh India
-
Ramgarh coal field (1)
-
-
-
Karnataka India
-
Belgaum India (1)
-
-
Kerala India (1)
-
Madhya Pradesh India
-
Jabalpur India (1)
-
Jhabua India (1)
-
-
Northeastern India
-
Assam India (1)
-
Nagaland India (1)
-
-
Orissa India (3)
-
Pranhita-Godavari Valley (1)
-
Punjab India (1)
-
Rajasthan India
-
Barmer India (1)
-
-
Sagar India (1)
-
Son Valley (1)
-
Tamil Nadu India
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Tiruchirapalli India (1)
-
-
Uttar Pradesh India (3)
-
Uttarakhand India
-
Dehradun India
-
Mussoorie India (2)
-
-
Garhwal Himalayas (1)
-
Garhwal India (1)
-
Pauri Garhwal India (1)
-
-
West Bengal India
-
Calcutta India (1)
-
-
-
Jammu and Kashmir
-
Anantnag India (1)
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Jammu (2)
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Kashmir (3)
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Ladakh (3)
-
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Nepal (1)
-
Pakistan
-
North-West Frontier Pakistan
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Peshawar Pakistan (1)
-
-
-
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Irtysh River (1)
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Kopet-Dag Range (1)
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Middle East
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Iran
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Israel
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Jordan (3)
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Turkey
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Anatolia (1)
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Wadi Araba (1)
-
Zagros (1)
-
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Naga Hills (1)
-
Omsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Siberia (5)
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Siberian Platform (4)
-
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Two Medicine Formation (8)
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Jurassic
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Lower Jurassic
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Upper Jurassic
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Arab Formation (2)
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Triassic
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Lower Triassic
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Moenkopi Formation (4)
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Upper Triassic
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upper Mesozoic
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Yixian Formation (1)
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Pacific region
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Carrara Formation (1)
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Lower Cambrian
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Antietam Formation (1)
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Terreneuvian
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Tommotian (4)
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Middle Cambrian
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Upper Cambrian
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Dresbachian (2)
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Eau Claire Formation (2)
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Mount Simon Sandstone (1)
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Nopah Formation (1)
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Potsdam Sandstone (5)
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-
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Carboniferous
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Hale Formation (1)
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Lower Carboniferous
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Dinantian (3)
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Mississippian
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Borden Group (1)
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Harrodsburg Limestone (1)
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Logan Formation (2)
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Lower Mississippian
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Cuyahoga Formation (2)
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Kinderhookian
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Banff Formation (1)
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Osagian
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Burlington Limestone (1)
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Tournaisian (3)
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Middle Mississippian
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Visean (3)
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Newman Limestone (1)
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Price Formation (4)
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Ramp Creek Formation (1)
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Sunbury Shale (1)
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Upper Mississippian
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Chesterian (3)
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Meramecian
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Saint Louis Limestone (2)
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Sainte Genevieve Limestone (1)
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Salem Limestone (2)
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Pitkin Limestone (1)
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Serpukhovian (2)
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-
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Namurian (1)
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Pennsylvanian
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Conemaugh Group (3)
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Hermosa Group (1)
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Herrin Coal Member (1)
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Joggins Formation (2)
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Lower Pennsylvanian
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Crab Orchard Mountains Group (1)
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Lee Formation (2)
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Morrowan (4)
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Mansfield Formation (2)
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Middle Pennsylvanian
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Atokan
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Atoka Formation (1)
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Breathitt Formation (1)
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Carbondale Formation (1)
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Desmoinesian
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Hartshorne Sandstone (1)
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Dugger Formation (1)
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Kanawha Formation (1)
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Minturn Formation (1)
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Monongahela Group (3)
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Pottsville Group (2)
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Upper Pennsylvanian
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Glenshaw Formation (1)
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Kasimovian (1)
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Missourian
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Rock Lake Shale Member (1)
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Stanton Formation (1)
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Virgilian
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Douglas Group (2)
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Shawnee Group (2)
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Tonganoxie Sandstone (1)
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-
-
-
Upper Carboniferous
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Karharbari Stage (1)
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Stephanian (3)
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Westphalian (4)
-
-
-
Catskill Formation (2)
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Deadwood Formation (1)
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Devonian
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Genesee Group (1)
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Guilmette Formation (1)
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Hunsruck Shale (1)
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Lower Devonian
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Battery Point Formation (2)
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Emsian (6)
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Gedinnian (1)
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Lochkovian (2)
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Pragian (2)
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Middle Devonian
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Boyle Dolomite (1)
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Columbus Limestone (1)
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Eifelian (2)
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Hamilton Group (6)
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Ludlowville Formation (1)
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Moscow Formation (1)
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Onondaga Limestone (1)
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Muth Quartzite (2)
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Old Red Sandstone (10)
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Upper Devonian
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Chemung Formation (2)
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Famennian
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lower Famennian (1)
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upper Famennian (2)
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Frasnian
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upper Frasnian (1)
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Hampshire Formation (2)
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Kellwasser event (1)
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Ohio Shale (1)
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Palliser Formation (2)
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West Falls Formation (1)
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Upper Old Red Sandstone (1)
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Waterways Formation (1)
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Dunkard Group (3)
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Ellis Bay Formation (1)
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Exshaw Formation (1)
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Hanson Creek Formation (1)
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Helderberg Group (1)
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Ishbel Group (1)
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Itarare Subgroup (1)
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lower Paleozoic
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Cape Phillips Formation (2)
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Matapedia Group (1)
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Oquirrh Formation (4)
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Ordovician
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Ely Springs Dolomite (2)
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Lower Ordovician
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Fillmore Formation (1)
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Manitou Formation (2)
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Tremadocian (6)
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Martinsburg Formation (1)
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Meguma Group (3)
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Middle Ordovician
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Black River Group (2)
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Bromide Formation (1)
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Champlainian (1)
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Chazyan (1)
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Darriwilian (2)
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Galena Dolomite (1)
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Llanvirnian (1)
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Platteville Formation (1)
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Whiterockian (1)
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Winnipeg Formation (1)
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Skiddaw Slates (1)
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Trenton Group (6)
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Upper Ordovician
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Ashgillian (2)
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Caradocian
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Borrowdale Volcanic Group (4)
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Cincinnatian
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Edenian (2)
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Fairview Formation (2)
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Fish Haven Dolomite (1)
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Hirnantian (1)
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Juniata Formation (3)
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Katian (5)
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Kope Formation (3)
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Queenston Shale (1)
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Red River Formation (1)
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Sandbian (2)
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Trentonian (9)
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Yeoman Formation (1)
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Permian
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Buckley Formation (1)
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Coconino Sandstone (4)
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Ecca Group (6)
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Guadalupian
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Capitanian (1)
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Roadian (1)
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Kaibab Formation (1)
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Khuff Formation (2)
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Lower Permian
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Abo Formation (2)
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Cisuralian
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Asselian (2)
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Sakmarian (1)
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Qixia Formation (1)
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Wolfcampian
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Hueco Limestone (3)
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Lyons Sandstone (1)
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Maokou Formation (1)
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Middle Permian (4)
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Phosphoria Formation (1)
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Upper Permian
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Lopingian
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Changhsingian (1)
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Permian-Triassic boundary (11)
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Rio do Rasto Formation (1)
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Vryheid Formation (2)
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Wellington Formation (1)
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Ringerike Sandstone (1)
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Silurian
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Lockport Formation (1)
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Lower Silurian
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Llandovery
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Rhuddanian (1)
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Telychian (2)
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Qalibah Formation (1)
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Tuscarora Formation (2)
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Wenlock (2)
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Middle Silurian
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Waldron Shale (1)
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Niagaran (1)
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Upper Silurian
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Bloomsburg Formation (2)
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Cayugan
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Tonoloway Limestone (1)
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Ludlow (3)
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Pridoli (3)
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Salina Group (1)
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Talchir Formation (2)
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Tensleep Sandstone (1)
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upper Paleozoic
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Bakken Formation (1)
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Dwyka Formation (2)
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Fountain Formation (1)
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Guandacol Formation (1)
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palynomorphs
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miospores
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Glossopteridales
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-
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Pteridospermae (5)
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-
-
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plate tectonics (16)
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pollution (1)
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Precambrian
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Archean
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Gilman Formation (1)
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Delhi Supergroup (2)
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Kaladgi System (1)
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Stirling Quartzite (3)
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Blaini Formation (1)
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Dengying Formation (2)
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Doushantuo Formation (1)
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Ediacaran (72)
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Paleoproterozoic (3)
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Sinian
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Dengying Formation (2)
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Nantuo Formation (1)
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Windermere System (5)
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Wyman Formation (2)
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problematic fossils
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clastic rocks
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argillite (2)
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coal (12)
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oil shale
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sedimentary structures
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banks (1)
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United States
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
ichnofossils
CRAB TRACES ON MUDDY TIDAL FLATS OF THE MIRA RIVER ESTUARY, PORTUGAL Available to Purchase
Exceptionally preserved burrows of ichnogenus Asterosoma from the lower Silurian of south China: systematic ichnology, palaeoecology and implications for ecosystem recovery following the late Ordovician mass extinction Available to Purchase
EVALUATING TRACE FOSSILS, FLUVIAL ARCHITECTURE, AND COLONIZATION PATTERNS IN CHANNEL AND OVERBANK DEPOSITS FROM THE MIOCENE VINCHINA FORMATION, WESTERN ARGENTINA Available to Purchase
Ediacaran paleobiology and biostratigraphy of the Nama Group, Namibia, with emphasis on the erniettomorphs, tubular and trace fossils, and a new sponge, Arimasia germsi n. gen. n. sp. Open Access
INSECT HERBIVORY ON FERNS FROM A MODERN MARSH LOWLAND LOCALITY, SOUTHERN BRAZIL: IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERPRETING FOSSIL PLANT–INSECT INTERACTIONS Available to Purchase
THROUGH FIRE, AND THROUGH WATER, AN ABUNDANCE OF MID-DEVONIAN CHARCOAL Open Access
NEOICHNOLOGY OF A MICROTIDAL CARBONATE INTERTIDAL ZONE: ABU DHABI, U.A.E. Available to Purchase
Cryophilic polychaetes at the subtropical Laurentian margin of the Iapetus Ocean: Evidence for cold-water ocean circulation and upwelling Open Access
Depositional, stratigraphic and structural controls on the geometry of Montney Formation reservoirs: Lower Triassic, northeast British Columbia, northwest Alberta Available to Purchase
INFERRING THE SIGNATURE OF PAST INTRA-PREDATORY COMPETITION FROM DRILLING PREDATION PATTERNS: INSIGHTS FROM RED SEA AND ADRIATIC SEA DEATH ASSEMBLAGES Available to Purchase
Milestones in the history of Scottish geology Available to Purchase
Trackways in the New Red Sandstone of the Connecticut River Valley, USA, the cradle of ichnology Available to Purchase
Abstract Fossil trackways in the Jura-Triassic rift basin of the Connecticut River Valley are important to geoheritage for their quality, preservation, and role in the history of geology, especially of ichnology. Discovered in the early 1800s, these trackways of small to large, bipedal, three-toed animals came to the attention of Edward Hitchcock, a prolific geologist and natural theologian. His first publication on the subject was in January 1836 and, in the same year, William Buckland included parts of the report, with illustrations, in his Bridgewater Treatise. Hitchcock and Buckland are credited with establishing the field of ichnology, the study of track and trails. Within the first decade, other traces documented include four-footed tracks, fish fossils, invertebrate burrows, plant impressions, ripple marks and raindrop impressions; few bones have ever been discovered in the valley. Early fossil-track collectors included Hitchcock, James Deane, Dexter Marsh and Roswell Field. Specimens quickly made their way to Europe, and publications brought the tracks to international attention, in both science and literature. In nineteenth-century discussions, the three-toed trackway makers – birds or dinosaurs? – were particular subjects of interest and debate. These fossil trackways remain well known and studied today, with several preserved field sites and museum collections.
Chickies Rock, a striking promontory on the Susquehanna River: the early Cambrian type locality of the trace fossil Skolithos and a model site for structural analysis Open Access
Abstract Chickies Rock rises abruptly from the east bank of the Susquehanna River at Columbia, Pennsylvania, where it breaks through a ridge held up by massively bedded quartzite. Here in the 1830s, Samuel Haldeman recognized long straight tubes that he later described as Skolithos linearis , penetrating the quartzite. Uncertain about the nature of these cylindrical ‘vermiform or linear’, unbranched ‘stems’, Haldeman first treated them as a subgenus of Fucoides , to which root-like traces were then often assigned. By the time James Hall first illustrated the species in 1847, Haldeman was sure they were burrows of a worm-like animal, as the name he had chosen implied. Since 1960, Donald Wise has developed a detailed analysis of structural deformation of the Chickies Anticline, using the Skolithos burrows as ‘plumb-bobs’ against which Taconic rotation of the rock fabric can be measured. Wise showed that later Alleghanian deformation produced prominent folds with external rotation up to twice as great as that of the rock fabric itself. Now conserved as a county park, Chickies Rock attracts many visitors. Its cliff-top is a superb viewpoint from which to contemplate progressive westward migration of the Appalachian drainage divide, ongoing since the late Jurassic opening of the Atlantic Ocean.
Acahualinca, Nicaragua, a scientifically significant site of ancient human footprints in the New World Available to Purchase
Abstract Ancient human footprints have been known from Managua, Nicaragua, since the 1880s. The main footprint site, long preserved in the Acahualinca Tracks Museum (Huellas de Acahualinca), reveals hundreds of human footprints that represent a minimum of 12 clearly defined trackways and a trampled trail or path. Deer, opossum and bird tracks are also present at Acahualinca, and bison and tapir tracks have been documented from the nearby and stratigraphically equivalent El Recreo site. The age of the Acahualinca footprints is controversial, but the best current estimate is about 2–2.2 ka BP. The Acahualinca site is one of the most scientifically important human footprint sites known from the Holocene. It exhibits footprints that are very abundant, well-preserved, accessible for study and part of a large sample that demonstrates variation within a single population. The Acahualinca site has historical, cultural and archaeological importance in preserving at least two intervals of human occupation, that of the footprints and of the ceramics in much younger layers. Its significance to anthropology and palaeontology as a sub-fossil footprint locality is clear and the volcanological history of the area is intimately related to determining the age and the circumstances of footprint registration at Acahualinca. The Acahualinca footprints merit geoheritage status.
The Maastrichtian type area (Netherlands–Belgium): a synthesis of 250+ years of collecting and ongoing progress in Upper Cretaceous stratigraphy and palaeontology Available to Purchase
Abstract Cretaceous limestones near Maastricht (SE Netherlands) have been quarried at least since Roman times. In the late eighteenth century, scientific interest developed in their macrofossil content and specimens were illustrated for the first time. Amongst the early discoveries was a partial skull of a large predatory vertebrate that would play an important role in the emergence of modern palaeontology and our understanding of the concept of extinction. After decades of scientific debate, this animal was recognized as a large extinct marine relative of monitor lizards (varanoids) and named Mosasaurus. A detailed lithostratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous (Santonian–Maastrichtian) rocks was established in the Maastrichtian type area during the mid-1970s, which resulted in a renewed interest in fossil hunting by professional and amateur palaeontologists alike. During recent decades, both micro- and macrofossils have enabled a refinement of biozonations, correlations within the basin and with sections elsewhere, a greater insight into taphonomic processes and updated taxonomic interpretations. A new age model and chemostratigraphical framework is the most recent addition, permitting the placement of geoheritage in a larger frame and intensifying outreach to the public, including also virtual and augmented reality and hands-on experience to visitors of museum and (disused) quarries alike.