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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Southern Africa
-
Karoo Basin (1)
-
South Africa
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Eastern Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
-
-
-
Arctic region
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Svalbard (1)
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Asia
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Arabian Peninsula
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Far East
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China (1)
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Japan
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Honshu
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Miyagi Japan (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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Middle East
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Cyprus (1)
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Jordan (1)
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Zagros (1)
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Siberia (3)
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Yakutia Russian Federation (1)
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Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
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Scotian Shelf (1)
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Australasia
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Newfoundland and Labrador
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Newfoundland
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Liard River (1)
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Nunavut
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Ukraine
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East Pacific Ocean Islands
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Hawaii
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Hawaii County Hawaii
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Europe
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Murcia Spain (1)
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Subbetic Zone (1)
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Italy
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Ukraine
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Grand Banks (1)
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North America
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Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (1)
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Western Interior
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Western Interior Seaway (1)
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Oceania
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Polynesia
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Hawaii
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Hawaii County Hawaii
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Hawaii Island
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Pacific Ocean
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North Pacific
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West Pacific
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Mammalia
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Primates
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Homo sapiens neanderthalensis (1)
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ichnofossils
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Skolithos (7)
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Teichichnus (3)
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Thalassinoides (12)
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Zoophycos (8)
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Invertebrata
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Malacostraca (3)
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Brachiopoda (1)
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Echinodermata
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Mollusca
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Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea (1)
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Porifera
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Protista
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Foraminifera (2)
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Vermes (2)
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Metazoa (1)
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microfossils
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Conodonta (1)
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geochronology methods
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U/Pb (1)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Pleistocene
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Stone Age
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Paleolithic
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Miocene
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Pebas Formation (1)
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middle Eocene
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Paleocene
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lower Paleocene
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Wildcat Group (1)
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Mesozoic
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lower Turonian (1)
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Tuscaloosa Formation (1)
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lower Toarcian (1)
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upper Liassic (1)
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Triassic
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Lower Triassic
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Induan (1)
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Spathian (2)
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Moenkopi Formation (1)
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Vaca Muerta Formation (1)
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Lower Cambrian
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Kinzers Formation (1)
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Middle Cambrian
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Marjum Formation (1)
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Wheeler Formation (1)
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Carboniferous
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Pennsylvanian
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Middle Pennsylvanian (1)
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Monongahela Group (1)
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Upper Pennsylvanian (1)
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Devonian
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Upper Devonian
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Famennian
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lower Famennian (1)
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Frasnian
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upper Frasnian (1)
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Kellwasser event (1)
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Dunkard Group (1)
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Ordovician (1)
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Permian
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Lower Permian
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Cisuralian
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Asselian (1)
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Sakmarian (1)
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Wolfcampian (1)
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Upper Permian
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Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
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Phanerozoic (1)
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Precambrian
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Ediacaran (6)
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Vendian (3)
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Wilpena Group (1)
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igneous rocks
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igneous rocks
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volcanic rocks
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glasses (1)
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pyroclastics
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volcanic ash (1)
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metamorphic rocks
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minerals
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silicates
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sheet silicates
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sulfides
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pyrite (1)
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Primary terms
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absolute age (1)
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Africa
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Southern Africa
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Karoo Basin (1)
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South Africa
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Eastern Cape Province South Africa (1)
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Arctic region
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Svalbard (1)
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Asia
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Arabian Peninsula
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Saudi Arabia (1)
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Far East
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China (1)
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Japan
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Chiba Japan (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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Zagros (1)
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Siberia (3)
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Siberian Platform (2)
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Yakutia Russian Federation (1)
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Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
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North Sea (1)
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Scotian Shelf (1)
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-
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Australasia
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Australia
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South Australia (1)
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-
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Canada
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Arctic Archipelago (1)
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Eastern Canada
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Maritime Provinces
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New Brunswick (1)
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Nova Scotia (1)
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-
Newfoundland and Labrador
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Newfoundland
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Burin Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
-
Liard River (1)
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Nunavut
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Sverdrup Basin (1)
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-
Queen Elizabeth Islands
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Sverdrup Basin (1)
-
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Western Canada
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Alberta (2)
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British Columbia (1)
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Northwest Territories (1)
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-
-
carbon
-
organic carbon (2)
-
-
Cenozoic
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Quaternary
-
Kazusa Group (1)
-
Pleistocene
-
middle Pleistocene (1)
-
-
-
Stone Age
-
Paleolithic
-
middle Paleolithic (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Pebas Formation (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
middle Eocene
-
Tallahatta Formation (2)
-
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
Danian (1)
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Wildcat Group (1)
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Primates
-
Hominidae
-
Homo
-
Homo sapiens
-
Homo sapiens neanderthalensis (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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-
continental slope (1)
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data processing (1)
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diagenesis (2)
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East Pacific Ocean Islands
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Hawaii
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Hawaii County Hawaii
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Hilo Hawaii (1)
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Europe
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Alps (1)
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Carpathians
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Western Carpathians (1)
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Central Europe
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Austria (1)
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Poland (1)
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Pieniny Klippen Belt (1)
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Pyrenees
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Spanish Pyrenees (1)
-
-
Southern Europe
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Iberian Peninsula
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Spain
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Betic Cordillera (2)
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Catalonia Spain
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Lleida Spain
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Tremp Spain (1)
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-
-
Murcia Spain (1)
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Spanish Pyrenees (1)
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Subbetic Zone (1)
-
-
-
Italy
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Umbria Italy
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Gubbio Italy (1)
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Ukraine
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Western Europe
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Scandinavia
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United Kingdom
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England
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North Yorkshire England (1)
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-
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Scotland (1)
-
-
-
-
-
geophysical methods (1)
-
ichnofossils
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Arenicolites (3)
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Chondrites ichnofossils (10)
-
Cruziana (2)
-
Diplocraterion (1)
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Glossifungites (1)
-
Nereites (3)
-
Ophiomorpha (4)
-
Palaeophycus (4)
-
Planolites (11)
-
Rhizocorallium (4)
-
Skolithos (7)
-
Teichichnus (3)
-
Thalassinoides (12)
-
Zoophycos (8)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
volcanic rocks
-
basalts (1)
-
glasses (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
hyaloclastite (1)
-
tuff (1)
-
-
-
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Malacostraca (3)
-
-
Myriapoda (1)
-
-
-
Brachiopoda (1)
-
Echinodermata
-
Echinozoa
-
Edrioasteroidea (1)
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea (1)
-
-
-
Porifera
-
Demospongea (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera (2)
-
-
Vermes (2)
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Valanginian (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Campanian (2)
-
Cenomanian
-
upper Cenomanian (1)
-
-
Demopolis Chalk (2)
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
Navesink Formation (1)
-
Ripley Formation (1)
-
Selma Group (1)
-
Senonian (1)
-
Turonian
-
lower Turonian (1)
-
-
Tuscaloosa Formation (1)
-
Wyandot Formation (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Pliensbachian (1)
-
Toarcian
-
lower Toarcian (1)
-
-
upper Liassic (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic (2)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Hanifa Formation (1)
-
Kimmeridge Clay (1)
-
Kimmeridgian (1)
-
Oxfordian (1)
-
-
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Induan (1)
-
Olenekian (1)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
-
Spathian (2)
-
-
Moenkopi Formation (1)
-
-
Vaca Muerta Formation (1)
-
-
metal ores
-
lead ores (1)
-
lead-zinc deposits (1)
-
polymetallic ores (1)
-
silver ores (1)
-
zinc ores (1)
-
-
metals
-
alkaline earth metals
-
barium (1)
-
-
-
metasomatism (1)
-
mineral deposits, genesis (1)
-
North America
-
Gulf Coastal Plain (2)
-
Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (1)
-
Western Interior
-
Western Interior Seaway (1)
-
-
-
Ocean Drilling Program
-
Leg 174A
-
ODP Site 1073 (1)
-
-
-
Oceania
-
Polynesia
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
-
Hilo Hawaii (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
oil and gas fields (3)
-
oxygen (2)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
North Pacific
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Northwest Pacific
-
East China Sea (1)
-
South China Sea (2)
-
-
-
West Pacific
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Northwest Pacific
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East China Sea (1)
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South China Sea (2)
-
-
-
-
paleoecology (18)
-
paleogeography (2)
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paleontology (3)
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Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Lower Cambrian
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Kinzers Formation (1)
-
-
Middle Cambrian
-
Marjum Formation (1)
-
Wheeler Formation (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Middle Pennsylvanian (1)
-
Monongahela Group (1)
-
Upper Pennsylvanian (1)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian
-
lower Famennian (1)
-
-
Frasnian
-
upper Frasnian (1)
-
-
Kellwasser event (1)
-
-
-
Dunkard Group (1)
-
Ordovician (1)
-
Permian
-
Lower Permian
-
Cisuralian
-
Asselian (1)
-
Sakmarian (1)
-
-
Wolfcampian (1)
-
-
Upper Permian
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Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
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-
-
-
petroleum (8)
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Phanerozoic (1)
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plate tectonics (2)
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Precambrian
-
upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Neoproterozoic
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Ediacaran (6)
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Vendian (3)
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Wilpena Group (1)
-
-
-
-
-
sea-level changes (1)
-
sedimentary petrology (2)
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sedimentary rocks
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carbonate rocks
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chalk (4)
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limestone (1)
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clastic rocks
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black shale (2)
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claystone (1)
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marl (3)
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mudstone (4)
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sandstone (2)
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shale (2)
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siltstone (1)
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oil shale (1)
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ichnofabric
SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENT AND REDOX CONDITIONS OF THE LOWER TRIASSIC OSAWA FORMATION IN THE SOUTHERN KITAKAMI TERRANE, JAPAN: INSIGHTS INTO OCEAN REDOX STRATIFICATION AND FAUNAL RECOVERY
UNLOCKING THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE COLONIZATION WINDOW: ICHNOFABRICS FROM UPPER CRETACEOUS TIDE-INFLUENCED MEANDER-LOOP DEPOSITS
ICHNOLOGY OF MUDDY SHALLOW-WATER CONTOURITES FROM THE UPPER JURASSIC–LOWER CRETACEOUS VACA MUERTA FORMATION, ARGENTINA: IMPLICATIONS FOR TRACE-FOSSIL MODELS
Infaunalization and resource partitioning during the Mesozoic marine revolution
Ordovician matground and mixground ecosystems in shoreface–offshore and barrier-island environments from Central Iran, northern Gondwana
Ichnofabric analysis as a tool for characterization and differentiation between calcareous contourites and calciturbidites
Abstract Micritic sediments containing dark, discrete, organic-rich burrows, situated in a light grey background carbonate mud, were deposited over a broad geographical area in deep-shelf, bathyal and basinal environments in the western margin of the Tethys Ocean during the Early and Middle Jurassic. These hemipelagic deposits represent a distinct depositional regime marked by low-energy, soft-bottom and only locally dysoxic environments. Still, it is unclear whether the trace-fossil assemblages occurring in these deposits pertain to a network of several community types – the ichnotaxa differing from basin to basin – or to a single community of environmentally broad-ranging, burrow-producing species. Lower Jurassic trace-fossil assemblages are found in the Western Carpathians and in the Subbetic, Betic Cordillera: that is, in basins separated by more than 2000 km in their original palaeogeographical areas. The stereotypical Chondrites and Zoophycos trace-fossil assemblages that occur in the analysed deposits share two ichnogenera of distinctive morphology ( Lamellaeichnus and Teichichnus ). Agglutinated foraminifera Bathysiphon occurs together with the described trace-fossil assemblage and determines the epibenthic palaeoenvironmental conditions. In the Western Carpathians, a Lamellaeichnus -dominated assemblage alternates with a Zoophycos -dominated assemblage in small, metre-scale cycles in the upper Pliensbachian, and the proportion of the Zoophycos assemblage increases stratigraphically upwards, probably owing to reduced basin ventilation during the early Toarcian. Within the southern Iberian palaeomargin, represented by the Betic Cordillera, Zoophycos is scarce in the facies.
The prediction of organic-rich reservoir facies within the Late Pennsylvanian Cline shale (also known as Wolfcamp D), Midland Basin, Texas
Depositional processes and environmental settings in rock shelters: the case of the prehistoric Oscurusciuto site (Southern Italy)
New ichnofabrics of the Cenomanian–Danian Chalk Group
BURROWS AND ICHNOFABRIC PRODUCED BY CENTIPEDES: MODERN AND ANCIENT EXAMPLES
Sedimentological signatures and identification of Paleocene sedimentary facies in the Lishui Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin
ICHNOFABRICS FROM A CRETACEOUS EOLIAN SYSTEM OF WESTERN ARGENTINA: EXPANDING THE APPLICATION OF CORE ICHNOLOGY TO DESERT ENVIRONMENTS
Shallow to deeply penetrating bioturbation by organisms on carbonate shelves can alter the original depositional texture of carbonate sediments, rearrange and modify the primary porosity and permeability patterns, and effectively increase the overall flow properties in multiple intervals. To explore the impact of bioturbation on reservoir quality and its spatial and vertical patterns, this study examined sedimentologically, ichnologically, and geostatistically ubiquitous bioturbated strata throughout outcrops of the Middle Jurassic Tuwaiq Mountain Formation and Upper Jurassic Hanifa Formation in central Saudi Arabia. Each lithofacies within the studied intervals had an ichnofabric index (ii) range from nonbioturbated (ii1) to beds completely homogenized by bioturbation (ii6). Most important was the occurrence of laterally extensive (>5 km) Glossifungites Ichnofacies, which represent firmgrounds with ii2 to ii5. These Glossifungites Ichnofacies are composed of complex and deep, three-dimensional Thalassinoides burrow networks (TBN) in mud-dominated lithofacies. These TBN have pore systems that consist of (1) open and partially open macropores (size of several centimeters), and (2) interparticle and moldic pores within the burrow filling, which consists of peloids, skeletal grains, and coated grains in a grain-dominated packstone texture. The TBN pore system, which typically penetrates the entire extent of the mud-dominated bioturbated beds, provides permeability pathways in an otherwise less permeable medium. Outcrop data and three-dimensional models suggest that these permeable pathways can contribute to overall reservoir flow in three ways: (1) TBN beds contribute to the overall reservoir flow as a single flow unit if bound above and below by impermeable beds (e.g., lateral flow in vertical well). (2) TBN breach the bed boundaries and, thus, connect above and below into more porous, more permeable grainy beds, providing overall reservoir connectivity for the carbonate reservoir and contributing to vertical and lateral flow. (3) TBN beds connect otherwise laterally compartmentalized reservoirs and contribute to vertical flow. Controls on the lateral and vertical variability of the TBN in the study area can be attributed to changes in water chemistry of the depositional environments, which are likely linked to global and local controls. This spatial and temporal relationship impacts the lateral and vertical distribution of flow properties of TBN strata in bioturbated reservoirs. Understanding such relationships is critical for secondary and tertiary recovery of oil by water flooding because such relationships can provide a prediction about the trend of vertical and lateral flow properties.
ENIGMATIC CONTINENTAL BURROWS FROM THE EARLY TRIASSIC TRANSITION OF THE KATBERG AND BURGERSDORP FORMATIONS IN THE MAIN KAROO BASIN, SOUTH AFRICA
A bed by bed analysis of the Bonarelli Level (late Cenomanian) in the Bottaccione Gorge and the Contessa Valley (Gubbio, Italy, area) reveals ichnofabric variations that follow lithofacies changes. Ichnofabric analysis has been approached in ~60 samples for every section, using thin sections of rocks and wet cut surfaces for three-dimensional observations. The ichnofabric includes five ichnotaxa: Chondrites isp., Planolites isp., Thalassinoides isp., Trichichnus linearis , and Zoophycos isp.; their abundance and preservation fluctuate with the substrate consistency, oxygen content, and productivity. The ichnotaxa are absent in many beds that show primary lamination and were deposited under true anoxic conditions, but it is surprising that they are present in many thin beds inside the Bonarelli interval (10 in Bottaccione and 14 in Contessa). In the underlying and overlying Scaglia Bianca (late Cenomanian) carbonate deposits, the presence of a totally bioturbated background, together with superimposed discrete trace fossils (the same ichnotaxa as in the Bonarelli Level), reveals the absence of anoxic conditions (except for cherty layers), but the presence of minor fluctuations between aerobic and slightly dysaerobic conditions is marked by changes in ichnotaxa abundance.