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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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North Africa
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Atlas Mountains
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Moroccan Atlas Mountains
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Anti-Atlas (1)
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Morocco
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Anti-Atlas (1)
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West Africa
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Mauritanides (1)
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West African Craton (2)
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Norwegian Sea
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Arctic region
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Greenland
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West Greenland (1)
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Svalbard
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Ny Friesland (2)
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Asia
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Far East
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Taiwan (1)
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Himalayas (1)
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Canada
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Europe
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Scotland
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Highland region Scotland
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Moine thrust zone (2)
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Scottish Highlands
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Wales
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Pacific region
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South America
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Southern Uplands (22)
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United States
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Alabama
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Maryland
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Cecil County Maryland (1)
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Massachusetts (4)
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New England (6)
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New Hampshire
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Grafton County New Hampshire (1)
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New Jersey (1)
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New York
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Adirondack Mountains (1)
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Clinton County New York (1)
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Washington County New York (1)
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North Carolina
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Pennsylvania
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Virginia
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commodities
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stable isotopes
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (2)
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (14)
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O-18/O-16 (2)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (3)
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Lu/Hf (1)
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metals
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alkali metals
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rubidium
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alkaline earth metals
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strontium
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (7)
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antimony (1)
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hafnium
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
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iron (1)
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lead
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rare earths
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neodymium
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (14)
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samarium
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titanium (1)
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noble gases
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Invertebrata
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Paleozoic
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Cape Elizabeth Formation (1)
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Carboniferous
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Pennsylvanian
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Casco Bay Group (1)
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middle Paleozoic (1)
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upper Paleozoic (2)
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upper Precambrian
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upper Riphean (1)
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Paleoproterozoic (2)
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volcanic rocks
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opal
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zeolite group
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orthosilicates
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olivine group
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titanite group
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zircon group
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sheet silicates
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sulfides
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Primary terms
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absolute age (75)
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Africa
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Morocco
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West Africa
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Asia
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carbon
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Cenozoic
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Tertiary
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Scandinavia
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Sweden
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porphyry (1)
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volcanic rocks
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inclusions (4)
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intrusions (45)
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Invertebrata
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Archaeocyatha (1)
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Mandibulata
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Ostracoda
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Myodocopida (1)
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Trilobitomorpha
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Trilobita
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Redlichiida (1)
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Brachiopoda
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Articulata
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Orthida (1)
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Rhynchonellida (1)
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Bryozoa (1)
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Cnidaria
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Anthozoa (1)
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Echinodermata (1)
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Mollusca
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Hyolithes (1)
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isotopes
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (2)
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stable isotopes
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (2)
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C-13/C-12 (3)
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (14)
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O-18/O-16 (2)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (3)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (3)
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (5)
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lava (6)
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lineation (2)
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mantle (15)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Upper Cretaceous
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Jurassic
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rubidium
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
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alkaline earth metals
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strontium
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (7)
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antimony (1)
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arsenic (1)
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hafnium
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
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iron (1)
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lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (3)
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molybdenum (1)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (14)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (5)
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samarium
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (5)
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titanium (1)
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metamorphic rocks
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phyllites (2)
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slates (2)
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metamorphism (38)
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Mexico
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mineral deposits, genesis (4)
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noble gases
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argon
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (2)
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North America
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Appalachians
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Blue Ridge Mountains (1)
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Northern Appalachians (25)
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Basin and Range Province (1)
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Grenville Province (3)
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Humber Zone (5)
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ocean basins (5)
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Ocean Drilling Program
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Leg 104 (1)
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ocean floors (4)
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oceanography (1)
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orogeny (61)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (2)
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Pacific Ocean
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North Pacific
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Northwest Pacific
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Celebes Sea (1)
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West Pacific
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Banda Arc (1)
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Indonesian Seas
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Northwest Pacific
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Pacific region
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paleoclimatology (5)
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paleomagnetism (28)
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Paleozoic
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Acatlan Complex (3)
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Cambrian
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Acadian (2)
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Conasauga Group (2)
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Lower Cambrian
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Antietam Formation (1)
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Chilhowee Group (2)
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Murphy Marble (1)
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Rome Formation (1)
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Shady Dolomite (1)
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Middle Cambrian (2)
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Upper Cambrian
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Copper Ridge Dolomite (1)
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Furongian (1)
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Maynardville Limestone (1)
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Potsdam Sandstone (2)
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-
-
Cape Elizabeth Formation (1)
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Carboniferous
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Lower Carboniferous (2)
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Mississippian
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Lower Mississippian
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Pocono Formation (1)
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-
-
Pennsylvanian
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Middle Pennsylvanian
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Allegheny Group (1)
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Pottsville Group (2)
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Upper Pennsylvanian (1)
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-
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Casco Bay Group (1)
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Catskill Formation (1)
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Devonian
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Lower Devonian
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Shap Granite (1)
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Middle Devonian (1)
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Old Red Sandstone (8)
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Upper Devonian (1)
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Knox Group (2)
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Leinster Granite (1)
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lower Paleozoic
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Bay of Islands Ophiolite (1)
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middle Paleozoic (1)
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Ordovician
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Buchans Group (1)
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Davidsville Group (1)
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Lower Ordovician
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Arenigian
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Ballantrae Complex (1)
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Beekmantown Group (2)
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Manx Group (2)
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Tremadocian (3)
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Meguma Group (1)
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Middle Ordovician
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Ammonoosuc Volcanics (1)
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Darriwilian (4)
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Llandeilian (1)
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Llanvirnian (3)
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Table Head Group (1)
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Skiddaw Slates (3)
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Tetagouche Group (3)
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Upper Ordovician
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Ashgillian (4)
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Caradocian
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Borrowdale Volcanic Group (1)
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Hirnantian (1)
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Katian (3)
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Sandbian (3)
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Utica Shale (1)
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Permian (16)
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Sauk Sequence (1)
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Silurian
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Lower Silurian
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Llandovery
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Telychian (1)
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Wenlock (7)
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Middle Silurian (1)
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Upper Silurian
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Ludlow (2)
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Pridoli (1)
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-
-
upper Paleozoic (2)
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Wissahickon Formation (1)
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palynomorphs
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paragenesis (4)
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petroleum
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natural gas (1)
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petrology (8)
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Phanerozoic (1)
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placers (1)
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Plantae
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algae
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Coccolithophoraceae (1)
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nannofossils
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Nannoconus (1)
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-
-
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plate tectonics (148)
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pollution (1)
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Precambrian
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Adirondack Anorthosite (1)
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Archean
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Neoarchean (1)
-
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Baltimore Gneiss (1)
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Catoctin Formation (1)
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Hecla Hoek Formation (1)
-
upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
-
Coldbrook Group (1)
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Mesoproterozoic (7)
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Neoproterozoic
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Cryogenian (3)
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Ediacaran (7)
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Infracambrian (1)
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Moine Supergroup (1)
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Riphean
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upper Riphean (1)
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Sturtian (1)
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Tonian (3)
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Torridonian (2)
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Vendian (7)
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Paleoproterozoic (2)
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problematic fossils (2)
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reefs (2)
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sea water (1)
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sea-floor spreading (7)
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sea-level changes (9)
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sedimentary petrology (12)
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limestone
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micrite (1)
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chemically precipitated rocks
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chert (1)
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clastic rocks
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arkose (1)
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sedimentary structures
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sediments (2)
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South America
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Amazonian Craton (1)
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Precordillera (3)
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stratigraphy (38)
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sulfur
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S-34/S-32 (1)
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United States
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Alabama
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Alaska
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Delaware
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Eastern U.S. (3)
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Maine
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Chain Lakes Massif (1)
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Franklin County Maine (1)
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Norumbega fault zone (1)
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Maryland
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New England (6)
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New Jersey (1)
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Vermont
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Virginia
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volcanology (2)
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rock formations
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Blackstone Group (1)
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Famatina System (1)
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Iapetus
Sedimentary provenance of the Upper Devonian Old Red Sandstone of southern Ireland: an integrated multi-proxy detrital geochronology study
Redox changes in the Iapetus Ocean during the Late Ordovician extinction crises
A trans-Iapetus transform fault control for the evolution of the Rheic Ocean: Implications for an early Paleozoic transition of accretionary tectonics: Reply
A trans-Iapetus transform fault control for the evolution of the Rheic Ocean: Implications for an early Paleozoic transition of accretionary tectonics: Comment
Cambrian ages for metavolcanic rocks in the Lower Köli Nappes, Swedish Caledonides: implications for the status of the Virisen arc terrane
The role of organic carbon in the Southern Uplands-Down-Longford Terrane accretionary prism, Scotland and Ireland
Mid-Ordovician stratigraphy and volcanism in the Hølonda area, Scandinavian Caledonides: complex tectonomagmatic development following arc–continent collision near the Laurentian margin of Iapetus
Petrogenesis of the Limerick Igneous Suite: insights into the causes of post-eruptive alteration and the magmatic sources underlying the Iapetus Suture in SW Ireland
ABSTRACT The Neoproterozoic to Cambrian rifting history of Laurentia resulted in hyperextension along large segments of its Paleozoic margins, which created a complex paleogeography that included isolated continental fragments and exhumed continental lithospheric mantle. This peri-Laurentian paleogeography had a profound effect on the duration and nature of the Paleozoic collisional history and associated magmatism of Laurentia. During the initial collisions, peri-Laurentia was situated in a lower-plate setting, and there was commonly a significant time lag between the entrance of the leading edge of peri-Laurentia crust in the trench and the arrival of the trailing, coherent Laurentian landmass. The final Cambrian assembly of Gondwana was followed by a global plate reorganization that resulted in Cambrian (515–505 Ma) subduction initiation outboard of Laurentia, West Gondwana, and Baltica. Accretion of infant and mature intra-oceanic arc terranes along the Appalachian-Caledonian margin of the Iapetus Ocean started at the end of the Cambrian during the Taconic-Grampian orogenic cycle and continued until the ca. 430–426 Ma onset of the Scandian-Salinic collision between Laurentia and Baltica, Ganderia, and East Avalonia, which created the Laurussian continent and closed nearly all vestiges of the Iapetus Ocean. Closure of the Iapetus Ocean in the Appalachians was followed by the Devonian Acadian and Neoacadian orogenic cycles, which were due to dextral oblique accretion of West Avalonia, Meguma, and the Suwannee terranes following the Pridolian to Lochkovian closure of the Acadian seaway and subsequent outboard subduction of the Rheic Ocean beneath Laurentia. Continued underthrusting of Baltica and Avalonia beneath Laurentia during the Devonian indicates that convergence continued between Laurentia and Baltica and Avalonia, which, at least in part, may have been related to the motions of Laurentia relative to its converging elements. Cambrian to Ordovician subduction zones formed earlier in the oceanic realm between Laurentia and Baltica and started to enter the Arctic realm of Laurentia by the Late Ordovician, which resulted in sinistral oblique interaction of the Franklinian margin with encroaching terranes of peri-Laurentian, intra-oceanic, and Baltican provenance. Any intervening seaways were closed during the Middle to Late Devonian Ellesmerian orogeny. Exotic terranes such as Pearya and Arctic Alaska became stranded in the Arctic realm of Laurentia, while other terranes such as Alexander and Eastern Klamath were translated further into the Panthalassa Ocean. The Middle/Late Devonian to Mississippian Antler orogeny along the Cordilleran margin of Laurentia records the first interaction with an outboard arc terrane built upon a composite block preserved in the Northern Sierra and Eastern Klamath terranes. The Carboniferous–Permian Alleghanian-Ouachita orogenic cycle was due to closure of the vestiges of the Rheic Ocean and assembly of Pangea. The narrow, continental transform margin of the Ouachita embayment of southern Laurentia had escaped accretion by outboard terranes until the Mississippian, when it collided with an outboard arc terrane.
ABSTRACT The Appalachian Mountains in northern Vermont host a complex rock record of the tectonic evolution of eastern Laurentia, from the opening of the Iapetus Ocean to the subsequent formation of a convergent Paleozoic margin involving multiple phases of orogenesis. Prior 40 Ar/ 39 Ar studies in Vermont and northern Massachusetts have generally interpreted two major events associated with a dominantly Ordovician Taconic orogeny and a Devonian Acadian orogeny; intermediate ages were considered to reflect Taconic metamorphism and/or deformation that was “partially reset” during the Acadian orogeny. However, recent studies have documented Salinic ages in northern Vermont, aligning with multiple lines of evidence in southern Quebec for an intervening Salinic orogeny during the Silurian. This study reports integrated microstructural and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar geochronological analyses of samples collected across the Green Mountain anticlinorium in northern Vermont. The dominant S 2 and S 3 foliations are defined in thin section by predominantly white mica/quartz microlithons and aligned mica cleavage domains in schist to graphitic schist that formed under greenschist-facies conditions. Correlation of microstructures across the field area and associated 40 Ar/ 39 Ar plateau ages reveal a spatial pattern associated with microstructural development across the anticlinorium. In the eastern limb, the oldest plateau age, 457.6 ± 2.0 Ma (1σ), is interpreted to reflect the timing of formation of S 2 . The youngest plateau age, 419.0 ± 2.4 Ma, comes from the western limb of the anticline near the trace of the Honey Hollow fault, where S 2 is completely transposed by S 3 . Intermediate ages were obtained across the axis of the anticline, where S 3 is a crenulation cleavage. While the Green Mountain anticlinorium has been previously interpreted to have formed in the Devonian during the Acadian orogeny, the typical ca. 386–355 Ma ages are notably absent in the data set, except in locally disturbed spectra. The results of this work are closely aligned with published results of 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating in southern Quebec that reflect deformation during Taconic and Salinic orogenesis. These new data, together with recently reported ages of west-directed transport on Taconic thrusts along the western Green Mountain front at ca. 420 Ma, suggest a phase of mountain building in the New England Appalachians that has been previously unreported in Vermont. The formation of the Green Mountain anticlinorium coincided with a complex tectonic interval that overlapped temporally with (1) the transition from Salinic thrusting to normal faulting, (2) magmatism attributed to slab breakoff, and (3) syntectonic deposition in the Connecticut Valley–Gaspé Basin.