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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
West Greenland (4)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Hudson Bay (5)
-
Labrador Basin (1)
-
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Northern Territory Australia (1)
-
-
-
Baker Lake (1)
-
Black Hills (4)
-
Canada
-
Arctic Archipelago (1)
-
Eastern Canada
-
Baffin Island (4)
-
Matachewan dike swarm (2)
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Labrador (2)
-
Newfoundland (2)
-
-
Ontario
-
Kenora District Ontario
-
Keewatin Ontario (1)
-
-
Sudbury Structure (1)
-
Timiskaming District Ontario
-
Kirkland Lake Ontario (1)
-
-
-
Quebec (14)
-
-
Hudson Bay (5)
-
Labrador Trough (5)
-
Nunavut
-
Baffin Island (4)
-
Kaminak Lake (1)
-
-
Reindeer Lake (2)
-
Ungava (6)
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta (1)
-
Athabasca Basin (4)
-
Athabasca District (2)
-
Canadian Cordillera (2)
-
Manitoba
-
Flin Flon Manitoba (12)
-
Lynn Lake Manitoba (9)
-
Setting Lake (1)
-
Snow Lake Manitoba (10)
-
Thompson nickel belt (8)
-
-
Northwest Territories (6)
-
Reindeer Zone (14)
-
Saskatchewan
-
Beaverlodge (1)
-
La Ronge Domain (12)
-
La Ronge Saskatchewan (1)
-
Wollaston Lake Belt (6)
-
-
Yukon Territory (1)
-
-
-
Cascadia subduction zone (1)
-
Front Range (1)
-
Grand Canyon (1)
-
Hanson Lake (3)
-
Martin Lake (1)
-
Melville Peninsula (1)
-
North America
-
Appalachians (2)
-
Canadian Shield
-
Churchill Province
-
Cape Smith fold belt (2)
-
Hearne Province (18)
-
Rae Province (11)
-
Snowbird tectonic zone (2)
-
-
Flin Flon Belt (42)
-
Grenville Province
-
Central Metasedimentary Belt (1)
-
-
Nain Province (1)
-
Slave Province (2)
-
Superior Province
-
Abitibi Belt (2)
-
Kapuskasing Zone (3)
-
-
-
Great Lakes
-
Lake Superior (1)
-
-
Great Plains
-
Northern Great Plains (2)
-
-
Grenville Front (1)
-
North American Cordillera
-
Canadian Cordillera (2)
-
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Southern Rocky Mountains (1)
-
-
Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (1)
-
Williston Basin (2)
-
-
United States
-
Arizona (1)
-
Cheyenne Belt (3)
-
Colorado
-
Chaffee County Colorado (1)
-
Clear Creek County Colorado (1)
-
Colorado mineral belt (1)
-
Gilpin County Colorado (1)
-
Gunnison County Colorado (1)
-
Jefferson County Colorado (1)
-
Park County Colorado (1)
-
-
Idaho (1)
-
Midcontinent (1)
-
Minnesota (1)
-
Mojave Desert (1)
-
Montana
-
Daniels County Montana (1)
-
Sheridan County Montana (1)
-
-
Nebraska (1)
-
North Dakota
-
Mountrail County North Dakota (1)
-
Renville County North Dakota (1)
-
Ward County North Dakota (1)
-
Williams County North Dakota (1)
-
-
South Dakota
-
Harney Peak Granite (3)
-
Pennington County South Dakota (1)
-
-
Southwestern U.S. (1)
-
Utah (1)
-
Western U.S. (2)
-
Wisconsin (1)
-
Wyoming (2)
-
Wyoming Province (3)
-
Yavapai Province (1)
-
-
-
commodities
-
metal ores
-
base metals (1)
-
copper ores (7)
-
gold ores (17)
-
iron ores (1)
-
lead ores (2)
-
nickel ores (3)
-
platinum ores (2)
-
polymetallic ores (2)
-
rare earth deposits (1)
-
silver ores (3)
-
thorium ores (1)
-
uranium ores (6)
-
zinc ores (4)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (23)
-
mineral exploration (12)
-
monazite deposits (1)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (3)
-
-
chemical ratios (2)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (4)
-
deuterium (1)
-
-
isotope ratios (14)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (3)
-
D/H (4)
-
deuterium (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (6)
-
O-18/O-16 (8)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (3)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (6)
-
-
-
metals
-
alkali metals
-
sodium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (6)
-
-
-
lead
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
platinum group
-
platinum ores (2)
-
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (6)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
-
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (8)
-
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (3)
-
-
-
geochronology methods
-
Ar/Ar (6)
-
K/Ar (3)
-
paleomagnetism (14)
-
Pb/Pb (8)
-
Rb/Sr (10)
-
Re/Os (1)
-
Sm/Nd (5)
-
Sr/Sr (1)
-
Th/U (1)
-
thermochronology (2)
-
U/Pb (42)
-
U/Th/Pb (1)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary (1)
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Permian (1)
-
-
Phanerozoic (1)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Amisk Group (7)
-
Neoarchean (3)
-
-
Kisseynew Complex (24)
-
middle Precambrian (1)
-
Missi Group (6)
-
Prince Albert Group (1)
-
Sokoman Formation (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Mesoproterozoic (4)
-
Neoproterozoic (1)
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Aphebian
-
Hurwitz Group (3)
-
-
Wollaston Group (3)
-
-
-
-
Wasekwan Group (1)
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase (2)
-
diorites
-
quartz diorites (2)
-
tonalite (1)
-
-
gabbros (3)
-
granites
-
charnockite (1)
-
leucogranite (5)
-
monzogranite (2)
-
-
granodiorites (2)
-
lamprophyres (3)
-
monzonites (2)
-
pegmatite (7)
-
quartz monzonite (1)
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites (1)
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites
-
boninite (1)
-
-
basalts
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (2)
-
-
komatiite (1)
-
rhyolites (1)
-
-
-
ophiolite (4)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (5)
-
gneisses
-
granite gneiss (1)
-
orthogneiss (2)
-
paragneiss (3)
-
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasalt (1)
-
metabasite (1)
-
metadiorite (1)
-
metagabbro (2)
-
metagranite (5)
-
metarhyolite (1)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (3)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
meta-arkose (2)
-
metapelite (5)
-
paragneiss (3)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (17)
-
migmatites (3)
-
mylonites
-
ultramylonite (1)
-
-
quartzites (1)
-
schists
-
greenstone (2)
-
-
-
ophiolite (4)
-
turbidite (3)
-
-
minerals
-
arsenides
-
arsenopyrite (1)
-
-
carbonates (1)
-
minerals (2)
-
native elements
-
graphite (2)
-
-
oxides
-
baddeleyite (2)
-
brannerite (1)
-
iron oxides (2)
-
pitchblende (1)
-
spinel (1)
-
titanium oxides (1)
-
uraninite (2)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (1)
-
monazite (13)
-
xenotime (1)
-
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
hornblende (4)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
-
orthopyroxene (1)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
amazonite (1)
-
microcline (1)
-
orthoclase (1)
-
-
plagioclase
-
albite (1)
-
-
-
silica minerals
-
quartz (1)
-
-
-
iron silicates (1)
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
andalusite (1)
-
garnet group (5)
-
sillimanite (1)
-
staurolite (1)
-
titanite group
-
titanite (4)
-
-
zircon group
-
zircon (34)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
epidote group
-
epidote (1)
-
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
cordierite (1)
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (1)
-
-
mica group
-
biotite (5)
-
muscovite (1)
-
-
-
-
sulfides
-
arsenopyrite (1)
-
iron sulfides (1)
-
-
uranium minerals (1)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (61)
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
West Greenland (4)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Hudson Bay (5)
-
Labrador Basin (1)
-
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Northern Territory Australia (1)
-
-
-
Canada
-
Arctic Archipelago (1)
-
Eastern Canada
-
Baffin Island (4)
-
Matachewan dike swarm (2)
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Labrador (2)
-
Newfoundland (2)
-
-
Ontario
-
Kenora District Ontario
-
Keewatin Ontario (1)
-
-
Sudbury Structure (1)
-
Timiskaming District Ontario
-
Kirkland Lake Ontario (1)
-
-
-
Quebec (14)
-
-
Hudson Bay (5)
-
Labrador Trough (5)
-
Nunavut
-
Baffin Island (4)
-
Kaminak Lake (1)
-
-
Reindeer Lake (2)
-
Ungava (6)
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta (1)
-
Athabasca Basin (4)
-
Athabasca District (2)
-
Canadian Cordillera (2)
-
Manitoba
-
Flin Flon Manitoba (12)
-
Lynn Lake Manitoba (9)
-
Setting Lake (1)
-
Snow Lake Manitoba (10)
-
Thompson nickel belt (8)
-
-
Northwest Territories (6)
-
Reindeer Zone (14)
-
Saskatchewan
-
Beaverlodge (1)
-
La Ronge Domain (12)
-
La Ronge Saskatchewan (1)
-
Wollaston Lake Belt (6)
-
-
Yukon Territory (1)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (3)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary (1)
-
-
continental drift (1)
-
crust (73)
-
data processing (2)
-
deformation (30)
-
diagenesis (2)
-
economic geology (7)
-
faults (54)
-
folds (24)
-
foliation (16)
-
fractures (3)
-
geochemistry (23)
-
geochronology (16)
-
geophysical methods (34)
-
geosynclines (3)
-
heat flow (4)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (4)
-
deuterium (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase (2)
-
diorites
-
quartz diorites (2)
-
tonalite (1)
-
-
gabbros (3)
-
granites
-
charnockite (1)
-
leucogranite (5)
-
monzogranite (2)
-
-
granodiorites (2)
-
lamprophyres (3)
-
monzonites (2)
-
pegmatite (7)
-
quartz monzonite (1)
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites (1)
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites
-
boninite (1)
-
-
basalts
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (2)
-
-
komatiite (1)
-
rhyolites (1)
-
-
-
inclusions
-
fluid inclusions (6)
-
-
intrusions (56)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (3)
-
D/H (4)
-
deuterium (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (6)
-
O-18/O-16 (8)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (3)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (6)
-
-
-
lava (1)
-
lineation (5)
-
magmas (10)
-
mantle (10)
-
maps (1)
-
metal ores
-
base metals (1)
-
copper ores (7)
-
gold ores (17)
-
iron ores (1)
-
lead ores (2)
-
nickel ores (3)
-
platinum ores (2)
-
polymetallic ores (2)
-
rare earth deposits (1)
-
silver ores (3)
-
thorium ores (1)
-
uranium ores (6)
-
zinc ores (4)
-
-
metals
-
alkali metals
-
sodium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (6)
-
-
-
lead
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
platinum group
-
platinum ores (2)
-
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (6)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
-
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (5)
-
gneisses
-
granite gneiss (1)
-
orthogneiss (2)
-
paragneiss (3)
-
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasalt (1)
-
metabasite (1)
-
metadiorite (1)
-
metagabbro (2)
-
metagranite (5)
-
metarhyolite (1)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (3)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
meta-arkose (2)
-
metapelite (5)
-
paragneiss (3)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (17)
-
migmatites (3)
-
mylonites
-
ultramylonite (1)
-
-
quartzites (1)
-
schists
-
greenstone (2)
-
-
-
metamorphism (60)
-
metasomatism (11)
-
mineral deposits, genesis (23)
-
mineral exploration (12)
-
minerals (2)
-
mining geology (1)
-
Mohorovicic discontinuity (6)
-
monazite deposits (1)
-
North America
-
Appalachians (2)
-
Canadian Shield
-
Churchill Province
-
Cape Smith fold belt (2)
-
Hearne Province (18)
-
Rae Province (11)
-
Snowbird tectonic zone (2)
-
-
Flin Flon Belt (42)
-
Grenville Province
-
Central Metasedimentary Belt (1)
-
-
Nain Province (1)
-
Slave Province (2)
-
Superior Province
-
Abitibi Belt (2)
-
Kapuskasing Zone (3)
-
-
-
Great Lakes
-
Lake Superior (1)
-
-
Great Plains
-
Northern Great Plains (2)
-
-
Grenville Front (1)
-
North American Cordillera
-
Canadian Cordillera (2)
-
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Southern Rocky Mountains (1)
-
-
Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (1)
-
Williston Basin (2)
-
-
orogeny (93)
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (8)
-
-
paleogeography (10)
-
paleomagnetism (14)
-
Paleozoic
-
Permian (1)
-
-
paragenesis (8)
-
petrology (7)
-
Phanerozoic (1)
-
phase equilibria (5)
-
plate tectonics (49)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Amisk Group (7)
-
Neoarchean (3)
-
-
Kisseynew Complex (24)
-
middle Precambrian (1)
-
Missi Group (6)
-
Prince Albert Group (1)
-
Sokoman Formation (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Mesoproterozoic (4)
-
Neoproterozoic (1)
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Aphebian
-
Hurwitz Group (3)
-
-
Wollaston Group (3)
-
-
-
-
Wasekwan Group (1)
-
-
rock mechanics (2)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
iron formations
-
banded iron formations (2)
-
-
ironstone (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
argillite (1)
-
black shale (1)
-
conglomerate (2)
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
planar bedding structures
-
bedding (1)
-
-
-
sedimentation (4)
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
till (1)
-
-
-
stratigraphy (12)
-
structural analysis (21)
-
structural geology (8)
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (3)
-
-
tectonics (79)
-
tectonophysics (4)
-
United States
-
Arizona (1)
-
Cheyenne Belt (3)
-
Colorado
-
Chaffee County Colorado (1)
-
Clear Creek County Colorado (1)
-
Colorado mineral belt (1)
-
Gilpin County Colorado (1)
-
Gunnison County Colorado (1)
-
Jefferson County Colorado (1)
-
Park County Colorado (1)
-
-
Idaho (1)
-
Midcontinent (1)
-
Minnesota (1)
-
Mojave Desert (1)
-
Montana
-
Daniels County Montana (1)
-
Sheridan County Montana (1)
-
-
Nebraska (1)
-
North Dakota
-
Mountrail County North Dakota (1)
-
Renville County North Dakota (1)
-
Ward County North Dakota (1)
-
Williams County North Dakota (1)
-
-
South Dakota
-
Harney Peak Granite (3)
-
Pennington County South Dakota (1)
-
-
Southwestern U.S. (1)
-
Utah (1)
-
Western U.S. (2)
-
Wisconsin (1)
-
Wyoming (2)
-
Wyoming Province (3)
-
Yavapai Province (1)
-
-
weathering (1)
-
-
sedimentary rocks
-
molasse (2)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
iron formations
-
banded iron formations (2)
-
-
ironstone (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
argillite (1)
-
black shale (1)
-
conglomerate (2)
-
-
-
turbidite (3)
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volcaniclastics (2)
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sedimentary structures
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sedimentary structures
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planar bedding structures
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bedding (1)
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sediments
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sediments
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clastic sediments
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till (1)
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turbidite (3)
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volcaniclastics (2)
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Hudsonian Orogeny
ABSTRACT Rapid midcrustal cooling (>10 °C/m.y.) is typical of Phanerozoic orogens, but it is less commonly reported from Precambrian orogenic belts. Abundant new 40 Ar/ 39 Ar (predominantly plateau) dates reveal a period of late, rapid cooling following slow postpeak metamorphic cooling during the evolution of the Paleoproterozoic Cape Smith belt, a greenschist- to amphibolite-facies foreland thrust belt in the ca. 1.83–1.76 Ga Trans-Hudson orogen. We conducted 40 Ar/ 39 Ar step-heating analyses on biotite, hornblende, and/or muscovite from 38 samples sourced from the thrust belt and its footwall basement, the Archean Superior craton. The 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dates from the Cape Smith belt and re-equilibrated Superior craton ranged ca. 1948–1708 Ma in biotite, ca. 1801–1697 Ma in muscovite, and ca. 1764–1694 Ma in hornblende. Of these, ~70% were ca. 1740–1700 Ma plateau dates, which we interpret as cooling ages following Cape Smith belt metamorphism; gas-release spectra of older outlying dates exhibit characteristics of excess Ar. Following the metamorphic thermal peak, the belt cooled at slow rates of up to ~1 °C/m.y. until ca. 1740 Ma. Concordant biotite, muscovite, and hornblende cooling dates of ca. 1740–1700 Ma require fast, late cooling of the belt (≥4 °C/m.y.) through upper midcrustal levels (~500–300 °C), and they allow for very rapid cooling rates (≤200 °C/m.y.). Accelerated cooling rates may have been triggered by uplift in response to detachment of lower crust or subcontinental lithosphere, facilitated by the postcollisional relaxation of isotherms and structural uplift in basement-involved folds. In Superior craton basement, ca. 2704–2667 Ma 40 Ar/ 39 Ar hornblende plateau dates reflect undisturbed cooling ages following Neoarchean metamorphism, whereas younger and wide-ranging 40 Ar/ 39 Ar biotite dates (ca. 2532–1743 Ma) with variable gas-release spectra suggest spatially heterogeneous degrees of Ar resetting in biotite during Cape Smith belt tectonism. Partially reset 40 Ar/ 39 Ar biotite dates in the Superior craton up to ~100 km south of the belt suggest that the pre-erosional thrust wedge extended at least that far south, and that it imposed a widespread low-temperature (<300 °C) and/or short-lived thermal overprint on the footwall basement. Integration of multimineral 40 Ar/ 39 Ar data with structural and metamorphic constraints for the Cape Smith belt indicates that modern-style postcollisional exhumation and rapid cooling were viable processes during the middle Paleoproterozoic.
Geoelectric constraints on the Precambrian assembly and architecture of southern Laurentia
ABSTRACT Using images from an updated and expanded three-dimensional electrical conductivity synthesis model for the contiguous United States (CONUS), we highlight the key continent-scale geoelectric structures that are associated with the Precambrian assembly of southern Laurentia. Conductivity anomalies are associated with the Trans-Hudson orogen, the Penokean suture, the ca. 1.8–1.7 Ga Cheyenne belt and Spirit Lake tectonic zone, and the Grenville suture zone; the geophysical characteristics of these structures indicate that the associated accretionary events involved the closure of ancient ocean basins along discrete, large-scale structures. In contrast, we observe no large-scale conductivity anomalies through the portion of southern Laurentia that is generally viewed as composed of late Paleoproterozoic–early Mesoproterozoic accretionary crust. The lack of through-going conductors places constraints on the structure, petrology, and geodynamic history of crustal growth in southern Laurentia during that time period. Overall, our model highlights the enigmatic nature of the concealed Precambrian basement of much of southern Laurentia, as it in some places supports and in other places challenges prevailing models of Laurentian assembly. The revised CONUS electrical conductivity model thus provides important constraints for testing new models of Precambrian tectonism in this region.