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GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Afar (2)
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Cape Verde Islands (5)
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Central Africa
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Angola (1)
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East Africa
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East African Rift (2)
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North Africa
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Libya
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Morocco (2)
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Southern Africa
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South Africa
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West Africa
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Benue Valley (3)
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Antarctica
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Arctic region
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Greenland
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Asia
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Kamchatka Russian Federation
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Middle East
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Turkey
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Primorye Russian Federation (1)
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Atlantic Ocean
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Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Canary Islands
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Cape Verde Islands (5)
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Atlantic region (4)
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Ontario
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Quebec
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Nunavut
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Queen Elizabeth Islands
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Western Canada
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British Columbia (3)
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Caribbean region (4)
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Central America
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Panama (2)
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Caucasus
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Russian Federation
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Primorye Russian Federation (1)
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Russian Far East (1)
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Russian Pacific region (1)
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Siberian Platform (2)
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Sikhote-Alin Range (1)
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Tunguska Syneclise (1)
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Western Transbaikalia (2)
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Yakutia Russian Federation (1)
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Zabaykalskiy Russian Federation (1)
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-
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Davis Strait (1)
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developing countries (1)
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East Pacific Ocean Islands
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Easter Island (5)
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Galapagos Islands (7)
-
Hawaii
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Hawaii County Hawaii
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Hawaii Island
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Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (1)
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Kilauea (7)
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Mauna Kea (1)
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Puu Oo (1)
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-
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Mauna Loa (2)
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-
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East Rift Zone (1)
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Eurasia (1)
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Europe
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Alps (1)
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Armenia (1)
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Azerbaijan (1)
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Caucasus
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Southern Europe
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Italy
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Apennines (1)
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Sicily Italy
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Lipari Islands
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Stromboli (5)
-
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Mount Etna (7)
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Umbria Italy
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Perugia Italy
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Gubbio Italy (1)
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-
-
-
-
Western Europe
-
France
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Bouches-du-Rhone France
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Rhone Delta (1)
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Puy-de-Dome France
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Chaine des Puys (1)
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Iceland
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Vatnajokull (1)
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Ireland (1)
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Scandinavia
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Norway
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Nordland Norway
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Lofoten Islands (1)
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Southern Norway (1)
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Vesteralen (1)
-
-
-
United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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England (1)
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Scotland
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Great Glen Fault (1)
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Hebrides
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Inner Hebrides
-
Isle of Skye (1)
-
-
-
Highland region Scotland
-
Inverness-shire Scotland
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Isle of Skye (1)
-
-
-
Moine thrust zone (1)
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Scottish Highlands (1)
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Shetland Islands (1)
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Wales (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Gulf of Mexico Basin (1)
-
Indian Ocean
-
Bay of Bengal (1)
-
Exmouth Plateau (1)
-
Mid-Indian Ridge
-
Southeast Indian Ridge (1)
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-
Naturaliste Plateau (1)
-
Ninetyeast Ridge (4)
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Rodriguez triple junction (1)
-
-
Indian Ocean Islands
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Amsterdam Island (1)
-
Crozet Islands (2)
-
Heard Island (1)
-
Kerguelen Islands (2)
-
Madagascar (1)
-
Mascarene Islands
-
Reunion
-
Piton de la Fournaise (2)
-
-
-
-
International Ocean Discovery Program
-
Expedition 349
-
IODP Site U1431 (1)
-
IODP Site U1433 (1)
-
IODP Site U1434 (1)
-
-
-
Kerguelen Plateau (2)
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Krishna-Godavari Basin (1)
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Marcy Massif (1)
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Mascarene Basin (1)
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Mediterranean region (1)
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Mirror Lake (1)
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Mount Erebus (1)
-
North America
-
Appalachians
-
Central Appalachians (2)
-
Northern Appalachians (1)
-
-
Basin and Range Province
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Great Basin (2)
-
-
Canadian Shield
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Churchill Province (1)
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Grenville Province (1)
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Superior Province
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Abitibi Belt (2)
-
-
-
North American Cordillera
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Canadian Cordillera (2)
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North American Craton (1)
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Rio Grande Rift (1)
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Rocky Mountains
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Northern Rocky Mountains (1)
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Absaroka Range
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Beartooth Mountains (1)
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Slide Mountain Terrane (1)
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Yakutat Terrane (1)
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North Island (2)
-
Oceania
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Melanesia
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Malaita (1)
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New Caledonia (1)
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Micronesia
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Caroline Islands (1)
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Polynesia
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Cook Islands (3)
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French Polynesia
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Marquesas Islands (2)
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Society Islands
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Tahiti (2)
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Tuamotu Islands
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Mururoa Atoll (1)
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Hawaii
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Hawaii County Hawaii
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Hawaii Island
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Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (1)
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Kilauea (7)
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Mauna Kea (1)
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Puu Oo (1)
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Mauna Loa (2)
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Line Islands (2)
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Pitcairn Island (2)
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Samoa (5)
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Tonga (1)
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-
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ODP Site 1256 (1)
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Pacific Ocean
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Central Pacific (2)
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East Pacific
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Carnegie Ridge (1)
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Manihiki Plateau (2)
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Tonga Trench (2)
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Equatorial Pacific (3)
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North Pacific
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Aleutian Trench (2)
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Bering Sea
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Bowers Ridge (1)
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Mid-Pacific Mountains (2)
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Northeast Pacific
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West Pacific
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Ontong Java Plateau (8)
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Pacific region
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polar regions (1)
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Mauna Loa (2)
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Idaho
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Oregon (5)
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iron
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lead
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Primary terms
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carbon
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Pliocene
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Deep Sea Drilling Project
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Leg 75
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Foraminifera
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Rotaliina
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isostasy (5)
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
hot spots
Spatio-temporal evolution of the main-phase Columbia River Basalt Group and its genetic link to the Yellowstone hotspot Available to Purchase
Bilateral asthenospheric flow fed by the Caroline plume (western Pacific Ocean) Open Access
Ridgeward flow of compositionally heterogeneous mantle produces near-ridge seamount chains in the South Pacific Open Access
Kerguelen Plume Drives the Eocene Directional Change in Australian Plate Motion Open Access
Joint flexural-density modeling of the Taltal, Copiapó, and Iquique hotspot ridges and the surrounding oceanic plate, offshore Chile Open Access
Timescales of mafic magmatic fractionation documented by paleosecular variation in basaltic drill core, Snake River Plain volcanic province, Idaho, USA Available to Purchase
Geochemical Signatures of Mafic Volcanic Rocks in Modern Oceanic Settings and Implications for Archean Mafic Magmatism Open Access
Toroidal flow around the Tonga slab moved the Samoan plume during the Pliocene Available to Purchase
The spectrum of geochemical compositions of Oceanic Island Basalts (OIBs) and their systematic differences from Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts (MORBs) reveal that the Earth’s mantle is chemically and isotopically heterogeneous. Two main processes, both related to plate tectonics, contribute to the creation of mantle heterogeneities: (1) partial melting generates melts enriched in incompatible elements and leaves a depleted residual rock; and (2) subduction of the oceanic lithosphere injects heterogeneous material at depth, in particular, altered oceanic crust and continental/oceanic sediments. Moreover, delamination and foundering of metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle might have been important in the early Earth history, when plate tectonics did not operate as today. The fate of the subducted plate is still a matter of debate; presumably some of it is stirred by convection and some may segregate at the base of the mantle, in particular the oceanic crust, which is compositionally denser than the pyrolitic mantle. The view of the lower mantle as a “graveyard” of subducted crust prevailed for decades and was supported by the Hofmann and White ( 1982 ) observation that the geochemical fingerprint of most OIB reveals the presence of ancient recycled crust. However, recent geochemical data on short-lived systems ( e.g. 182 Hf→ 182 W has a half-life of 8.9 My) showed that some hotspots, namely Hawaii, Samoa, Iceland and Galápagos, have a negative µ 182 W anomaly. This discovery prompted a change in our view of the deep mantle because anomalies in short-lived systems require additional processes, which include, but are not limited to, the preservation of ‘pockets’ of melt from a primordial magma ocean, and/or chemical reactions between the metallic core and the silicate mantle. Exchanges at the core-mantle boundary would cause a negative µ 182 W anomaly, and might also add 3 He to mantle material later entrained by plumes. It is now clear that some plumes probe the deepest mantle and are highly heterogeneous, as revealed by isotope ratios from long-lived radiogenic systems, noble gases and short-lived isotope systems. Here I will focus on the dynamics of plumes carrying compositional and rheological heterogeneities. This contribution attempts to be pedagogic and multi-disciplinary, spanning from seismology to geochemistry and geodynamics.