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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Angola (1)
-
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Egypt
-
Eastern Desert (1)
-
-
Morocco
-
Marrakech Morocco (1)
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Namibia (2)
-
Orange River (1)
-
South Africa
-
Eastern Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
KwaZulu-Natal South Africa (1)
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Mali (1)
-
-
-
Alexander Terrane (1)
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Norwegian Sea
-
Haltenbanken (1)
-
Kolbeinsey Ridge (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Oman (1)
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Saudi Arabia (1)
-
-
Far East
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China
-
Heilongjiang China
-
Daqing Field (1)
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Nanpanjiang Basin (1)
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Ordos Basin (1)
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Shaanxi China (1)
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Sichuan Basin (1)
-
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Indonesia
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Java (1)
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Japan
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Inland Sea (1)
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Philippine Islands
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Palawan (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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India (1)
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Middle East
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Israel
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Beer Sheva Israel (1)
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Negev (3)
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Turkey
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Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
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Gulf of Mexico
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Australasia
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Australia
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Olympic Dam Deposit (1)
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Victoria Australia (1)
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New Zealand
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Brandon (1)
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Canada
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Cold Lake (1)
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Eastern Canada
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Maritime Provinces
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Newfoundland and Labrador
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Newfoundland
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Avalon Peninsula (1)
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Ontario (1)
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Nunavut
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Western Canada
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Alberta
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British Columbia (3)
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Cape Lookout (1)
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Caribbean region
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West Indies
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Cayman Islands
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Central America
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Panama
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Chicxulub Crater (1)
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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East Pacific Ocean Islands
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Hawaii
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Honolulu County Hawaii
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Europe
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Southern Europe
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Scotland
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Wales
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Caernarvonshire Wales
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Snowdonia (1)
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Gwynedd Wales
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Snowdonia (1)
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Indian Ocean
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Mediterranean Sea
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Mexico
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Loreto Basin (1)
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Coahuila Mexico (1)
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Murray Basin (1)
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North America
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Appalachians
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Carolina slate belt (1)
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Central Appalachians (1)
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Southern Appalachians (2)
-
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Eastern Overthrust Belt (1)
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Gulf Coastal Plain (4)
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Rocky Mountain Trench (1)
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Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (2)
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Williston Basin (1)
-
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Oceania
-
Polynesia
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French Polynesia
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Society Islands
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Tahiti (2)
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Hawaii
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Honolulu County Hawaii
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Oahu (1)
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Kauai County Hawaii
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Kauai (1)
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Pacific Coast (1)
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Pacific Ocean
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East Pacific
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Northeast Pacific (2)
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North Pacific
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Northeast Pacific (2)
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Northwest Pacific
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Shatsky Rise (1)
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South Pacific
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Southwest Pacific
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Coral Sea
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Great Barrier Reef (1)
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West Pacific
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Northwest Pacific
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Shatsky Rise (1)
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Southwest Pacific
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Coral Sea
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Pacific region (1)
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Permian Basin (2)
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Salt Creek (1)
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Shark Bay (1)
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South America
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Andes
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Western Cordillera (1)
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Argentina (3)
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Brazil (1)
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Colombia
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Magdalena Valley (1)
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Patagonia (1)
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Venezuela (1)
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South Island (2)
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Taoudenni (1)
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United States
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Alabama (1)
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Arkansas
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Columbia County Arkansas (1)
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Independence County Arkansas (1)
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Izard County Arkansas (1)
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Stone County Arkansas (1)
-
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Atlantic Coastal Plain (2)
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California
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Inyo County California (1)
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Mendocino County California (1)
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Northern California (1)
-
San Bernardino County California
-
Needles California (1)
-
-
Santa Barbara County California (1)
-
Santa Ynez Mountains (1)
-
Southern California (2)
-
Transverse Ranges (1)
-
Trinity County California (1)
-
Ventura County California
-
Ventura California (1)
-
-
-
Cedar Creek Anticline (1)
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Central Basin Platform (1)
-
Florida
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Florida Keys (2)
-
Miami-Dade County Florida (1)
-
-
Georgia (1)
-
Hawaii
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Honolulu County Hawaii
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Oahu (1)
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Kauai County Hawaii
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Kauai (1)
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Hugoton Embayment (2)
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Illinois (1)
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Indiana (2)
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Iowa (1)
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Kansas
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Finney County Kansas (2)
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Kentucky (3)
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Lake Tahoe (1)
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Minnesota (1)
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Montana
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Cascade County Montana (1)
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Nevada
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New Jersey (1)
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New Mexico (1)
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New York
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Niagara County New York (1)
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North Carolina
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North Dakota
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Ohio (1)
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Pennsylvania (1)
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Reelfoot Rift (1)
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Sevier orogenic belt (1)
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West Texas (2)
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Utah (3)
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Virginia (2)
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West Virginia (1)
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Western U.S. (1)
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Wyoming
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Sweetwater County Wyoming (1)
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commodities
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energy sources (2)
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glauconite deposits (1)
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heavy mineral deposits (1)
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metal ores
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iron ores (1)
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manganese ores (3)
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polymetallic ores (1)
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mineral deposits, genesis (2)
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oil and gas fields (10)
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petroleum
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natural gas (1)
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phosphate deposits (1)
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placers
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beach placers (1)
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-
-
elements, isotopes
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (1)
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C-14 (3)
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organic carbon (2)
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hydrogen
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D/H (1)
-
deuterium (1)
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isotope ratios (1)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
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C-14 (3)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
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D/H (1)
-
deuterium (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (2)
-
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (2)
-
-
-
fossils
-
borings (1)
-
Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Pisces
-
Chondrichthyes (1)
-
-
Tetrapoda
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Mammalia (1)
-
Reptilia
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
dinosaurs
-
Saurischia
-
Sauropodomorpha
-
Sauropoda (1)
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-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ichnofossils
-
Ophiomorpha
-
Ophiomorpha nodosa (1)
-
-
Rhizocorallium (1)
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Skolithos (1)
-
-
Invertebrata
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Archaeocyatha (1)
-
Arthropoda
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Mandibulata
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Crustacea
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Malacostraca (2)
-
Ostracoda
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Podocopida
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Cytherocopina
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Cytheracea
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Cyprideis (1)
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-
-
-
-
-
Insecta
-
Pterygota
-
Neoptera
-
Endopterygota
-
Coleoptera (1)
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-
-
-
-
-
-
Brachiopoda (1)
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Bryozoa (3)
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa
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Zoantharia
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Rugosa (1)
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Tabulata (1)
-
-
-
-
Echinodermata
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Crinozoa
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Crinoidea (4)
-
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Echinozoa
-
Echinoidea (1)
-
-
-
Mollusca
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Bivalvia
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Ostreoidea
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Ostreidae (1)
-
-
Pterioida
-
Pteriina
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Inocerami
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Inoceramidae (1)
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-
-
-
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Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea
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Ammonites (1)
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-
-
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Porifera
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Calcarea
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Sphinctozoa (1)
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Demospongea (1)
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Stromatoporoidea (1)
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Protista
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Foraminifera
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Rotaliina
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Orbitoidacea
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Cibicides (1)
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Orbitoididae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Metazoa (1)
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microfossils (10)
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palynomorphs
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acritarchs (1)
-
-
Plantae
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algae
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Chlorophyta
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nannofossils (1)
-
Rhodophyta
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Corallinaceae
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Spermatophyta (1)
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problematic fossils (1)
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thallophytes (3)
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tracks (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
optically stimulated luminescence (1)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
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Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
upper Holocene (4)
-
-
Pleistocene
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Miami Limestone (1)
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middle Pleistocene (1)
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upper Pleistocene
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Tyrrhenian (1)
-
-
-
upper Quaternary (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
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Miocene
-
lower Miocene (2)
-
upper Miocene (2)
-
-
Pliocene (3)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
Mirador Formation (1)
-
-
Oligocene
-
lower Oligocene (1)
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
upper Paleocene
-
Thanetian (1)
-
-
-
-
Vaqueros Formation (1)
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian
-
lower Albian (1)
-
-
Blackleaf Formation (1)
-
Clearwater Formation (2)
-
Cupido Formation (1)
-
Mannville Group (1)
-
McMurray Formation (1)
-
-
Middle Cretaceous (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Blackhawk Formation (1)
-
Blair Formation (1)
-
Campanian
-
upper Campanian (1)
-
-
Cardium Formation (1)
-
Cenomanian
-
Dunvegan Formation (1)
-
upper Cenomanian (1)
-
-
Fox Hills Formation (1)
-
Greenhorn Limestone (1)
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
Maestrichtian (1)
-
Mesaverde Group (1)
-
Senonian (4)
-
Turonian (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic (3)
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Bajocian (1)
-
-
Norphlet Formation (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Buckner Formation (1)
-
Haynesville Formation (2)
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Kimmeridgian (1)
-
Morrison Formation (1)
-
Oxfordian (1)
-
Salt Wash Sandstone Member (1)
-
Smackover Formation (4)
-
Tithonian (1)
-
-
-
Statfjord Formation (1)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic (1)
-
Middle Triassic
-
Ladinian (1)
-
-
Upper Triassic
-
Keuper (1)
-
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Lancara Formation (1)
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Zabriskie Quartzite (1)
-
-
Middle Cambrian (1)
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Dresbachian (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (2)
-
-
Mississippian
-
Borden Group (2)
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Fort Payne Formation (1)
-
Osagian (1)
-
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Greenbrier Limestone (1)
-
Meramecian
-
Saint Louis Limestone (1)
-
Sainte Genevieve Limestone (2)
-
Salem Limestone (2)
-
Warsaw Formation (1)
-
-
-
Valmeyeran (1)
-
Windsor Group (1)
-
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Morrowan (1)
-
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian (1)
-
Middle Devonian
-
Hamilton Group (1)
-
-
Upper Devonian
-
Palliser Formation (1)
-
-
-
Exshaw Formation (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Tremadocian (1)
-
-
Middle Ordovician (3)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Cincinnatian
-
Maysvillian (1)
-
Richmondian (1)
-
-
Fernvale Formation (1)
-
Maquoketa Formation (1)
-
Mohawkian (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Lower Permian
-
Leonardian (1)
-
Wolfcampian (1)
-
-
Maokou Formation (1)
-
-
Silurian
-
Lockport Formation (1)
-
Lower Silurian
-
Tuscarora Formation (1)
-
Wenlock (1)
-
-
Middle Silurian
-
Clinton Group (1)
-
-
Niagaran (1)
-
Upper Silurian
-
Ludlow (1)
-
-
-
-
Phanerozoic (2)
-
Precambrian
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Damara System (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic (1)
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Dengying Formation (1)
-
Doushantuo Formation (1)
-
Ediacaran (1)
-
Torridonian (1)
-
upper Sinian (1)
-
Vendian (1)
-
-
Sinian
-
Dengying Formation (1)
-
Doushantuo Formation (1)
-
upper Sinian (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
granites (1)
-
granodiorites (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
pyroclastics
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rhyolite tuff (1)
-
-
-
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metasedimentary rocks (1)
-
phyllites (1)
-
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turbidite (2)
-
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minerals
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carbonates
-
calcite (2)
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magnesian calcite (1)
-
-
minerals (2)
-
silicates
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
K-feldspar (1)
-
-
plagioclase (1)
-
-
silica minerals
-
quartz (2)
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (1)
-
-
mica group
-
glauconite (2)
-
-
-
-
sulfates
-
anhydrite (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
pyrite (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (3)
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Angola (1)
-
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Egypt
-
Eastern Desert (1)
-
-
Morocco
-
Marrakech Morocco (1)
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Namibia (2)
-
Orange River (1)
-
South Africa
-
Eastern Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
KwaZulu-Natal South Africa (1)
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Mali (1)
-
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Norwegian Sea
-
Haltenbanken (1)
-
Kolbeinsey Ridge (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Oman (1)
-
Saudi Arabia (1)
-
-
Far East
-
China
-
Heilongjiang China
-
Daqing Field (1)
-
-
Nanpanjiang Basin (1)
-
Ordos Basin (1)
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high-energy environment
Microbial-mat colonization of modern gravel deposits in a siliciclastic coastal setting
Contradictory coeval vertical facies changes in upper Miocene heterozoan carbonate–terrigenous deposits (Sierra de Gádor, Almería, SE Spain)
Paleoenvironmental significance of microbial mat-related structures and ichnofaunas in an Ordovician mixed-energy estuary, Áspero Formation of Santa Victoria Group, northwestern Argentina
Characteristics and context of high-energy, tidally modulated, barred shoreface deposits: Kimmeridgian–Tithonian sandstones, Weald Basin, southern U.K. and northern France
ABSTRACT In this paper, we present a case study to demonstrate the potential of photogrammetry in cyclostratigraphic applications. To this end, we considered an ~300-m-thick section exposing the Lower Jurassic Calcare Massiccio Formation in the Marche Apennines of central Italy. The Calcare Massiccio comprises a thick succession of peritidal shallow-water carbonates displaying a prominent sedimentary cyclicity, where supratidal and subtidal facies alternate. The section investigated in this study is exposed on the wall of an active quarry and is almost completely inaccessible because it is vertical and because of safety and liability regulations. This setting prevents the application of standard sampling and facies analysis techniques on the whole series. An accurate three-dimensional model of the quarry wall was therefore produced by processing ~360 digital images through photogrammetry and generating a high-resolution (centimeter-scale) point cloud of the outcrop with red-green-blue (RGB) values associated with each point. An ~150-m-long log representing color variations on a continuous portion of the exposed succession was then extracted from the point cloud by converting the original RGB values to grayscale values. The main facies were directly investigated in an ~10-m-long accessible section that was logged and sampled, and it was established that supratidal facies with planar stromatolites and teepee structures are darker in color, while subtidal facies, made of bioturbated mudstones to floatstones with gastropods and oncoids, display lighter color. This provided ground-truth data with which to interpret the grayscale variations in terms of facies alternations. Time-series analysis was then carried out on the grayscale series, and this revealed prominent cyclicities. Because the biochronostratigraphic framework of the Calcare Massiccio is poor, the potential orbital origin of these frequencies was tested with the average spectral misfit technique. Preliminary results suggest that the observed spectral features are compatible with Milankovitch periods and that astronomical forcing might have been a major driver in the deposition of the Calcare Massiccio Formation. Furthermore, they testify to the great potential of photogrammetry in cyclostratigraphic applications, especially when large-scale, inaccessible outcrops have to be investigated.