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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
herbicides
Adsorption of atrazine and paraquat on montmorillonite loaded with layered double hydroxide and active site energy distribution analysis Available to Purchase
Insights into Glyphosate Adsorption in Aqueous Solutions Using Zn-Al Layered Double Oxide Available to Purchase
Transfer of water and contaminants in the Chalk unsaturated zone – underground quarry of Saint-Martin-le-Nœud Open Access
Abstract The aim of this study is to understand the water and contaminant (nitrate and atrazine) transfer in the unsaturated zone (UZ) of Chalk. For this, the underground quarry of Saint-Martin-le-Nœud is an exceptional site because it permits entry to the aquifer at the limit between the UZ and the saturated zone (SZ). It provides direct access to the water table: underground lakes and the output of the UZ (percolation water at the ceiling). The thicknesses of the UZ and the clay-with-flints (CwF) layer that overlie the Chalk, vary along the 1200 m length of the quarry. From 2012, the chemical evolution and the flow variability of groundwater are characterized for 16 sites with different UZ properties. Chalk groundwater has highly spatially variable hydrodynamic behaviour and geochemical properties. A peak of contaminants is observed in the UZ around 15–20 m depth, with differing behaviours of nitrate and atrazine. The downward matrix water velocity is estimated to be from 0.3 to over 0.72 m a −1 , and the water table is mainly composed of ‘old’ water resulting from transfer through the matrix. A thick CwF layer modifies (1) the transfer processes: surface water is stored in a sort of ‘near-surface perched groundwater’, the infiltration is concentrated by preferential pathways; and (2) water quality: pesticides degradation processes occur in the perched groundwater.
Emerging contaminants in groundwater, karst, and the Edwards (Balcones Fault Zone) Aquifer Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT Karst aquifers have hydrogeologic characteristics that render them uniquely vulnerable to contamination from emerging contaminants (ECs). ECs comprise numerous chemical groups, including pharmaceuticals, personal-care products, flame retardants, perfluorinated and polyfluorinated compounds, nanoparticles, and microplastics. Many ECs have sources, transport pathways, and chemical characteristics that facilitate their infiltration into groundwater, either indirectly from surface water or directly from sources such as landfill leachate and septic systems. What little is known about the occurrence, fate, and transport of ECs in the Edwards (Balcones Fault Zone) Aquifer indicates that the aquifer might be increasingly vulnerable to this type of contamination. The natural physical characteristics of this karst aquifer and anthropogenic sources of ECs associated with increased urbanization in central Texas contribute to this vulnerability. In this chapter, we review groups of ECs and their sources, occurrence of ECs in groundwater and karst, and current knowledge about the occurrence of ECs in the Edwards Aquifer. We conclude by discussing specific factors, such as rapid flow and contaminant sources, that contribute to the vulnerability of the Edwards Aquifer to contamination by ECs.
Metolachlor dense non-aqueous phase liquid source conditions and plume attenuation in a dolostone water supply aquifer Available to Purchase
Abstract This paper reports a long-term field investigation of a fractured dolostone aquifer that was penetrated by a dense non-aqueous phase liquid. High-resolution source zone characterization shows the evolution of deep penetration to the back-diffusion conditions seen at the present day. Metolachlor, a common herbicide, was released into the overburden overlying a fractured dolostone aquifer within a short time window (1978–81). In 2000, the plume front arrived at a municipal supply well located 930 m down-gradient, increasing to a maximum concentration of 2 μg l −1 . Groundwater monitoring with high-resolution, depth-discrete multi-level sampling systems since 1992 shows a clearly delineated bedrock plume. Numerous rock core samples show metolachlor in the low-permeability rock matrix at the bottom of the aquifer. The mass distribution and bedrock hydraulic head pattern strongly suggest that metolachlor entered the bedrock as a free-phase dense non-aqueous phase liquid penetrating to the aquifer bottom, preferentially accumulating in some horizontal fractures, dissolving quickly as a result of the rapid groundwater flow and then diffusing into the rock matrix, where back-diffusion sustains a dilute, persistent and stable plume. Strong plume retardation by matrix diffusion and sorption has greatly mitigated the impact on water quality in the down-gradient supply well, allowing for its continued use, while back-diffusion and degradation maintain a persistent, dilute plume managed by appropriate monitoring.
ION ADSORPTION AT CLAY-MINERAL SURFACES: THE HOFMEISTER SERIES FOR HYDRATED SMECTITE MINERALS Available to Purchase
Effects of Single Rainfall Events on Leaching of Glyphosate and Bentazone on Two Different Soil Types, using the DAISY Model Available to Purchase
MINERAL MATTERS Available to Purchase
Leaching of Glyphosate and Aminomethylphosphonic Acid from an Agricultural Field over a Twelve-Year Period Available to Purchase
Macroscopic Evidence of Sources of Particles for Facilitated Transport during Intensive Rain Available to Purchase
Sorption of Mecoprop by two clay landfill liner materials: Oxford Clay and Mercia Mudstone Available to Purchase
Transport of Mecoprop through Mercia Mudstone and Oxford Clay at the laboratory scale Available to Purchase
Degradation of Diffuse Pesticide Contaminants: Screening for Microbial Potential Using a Functional Gene Microarray All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Available to Purchase
Impact of Soil Micromorphological Features on Water Flow and Herbicide Transport in Soils All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Available to Purchase
Evaluation of Dual-Permeability Models for Chemical Leaching Assessment to Assist Pesticide Regulation in Hawaii All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Available to Purchase
A review of mecoprop attenuation in the subsurface Available to Purchase
Comparison of Pesticide Transport Processes in Three Tile-Drained Field Soils Using HYDRUS-2D Available to Purchase
Chemistry and Mineralogy of Arsenic Available to Purchase
Water-quality characteristics and contaminants in the rural karst-dominated Spring Mill Lake watershed, southern Indiana Available to Purchase
The Spring Mill Lake watershed is located in the Mitchell Plateau, a karst area that developed on Mississippian carbonates in southern Indiana. Spring Mill Lake is a reservoir built in the late 1930s and is located in Spring Mill State Park. Within the park, groundwater from subsurface conduits issues as natural springs and then flows in surface streams to the lake. From 1998 to 2002, surface and subsurface hydrology and water quality were investigated to determine the types and sources of potential contaminants entering the lake. Water samples collected during base flow and a February 2000 storm event were analyzed for selected cations, anions, trace elements, selected U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) primary and secondary drinking-water contaminants, nitrogen isotopes, suspended solids, Escherichia coli , and pesticides. All of the water samples met the EPA drinking-water standards for inorganic constituents, except those collected at five sites in August 1999 during a drought. Nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 -N) concentrations were highest during base-flow conditions and displayed a dilutional trend during peak-flow periods. The NO 3 -N concentrations in water samples collected during the 2001 spring fertilizer applications tended to increase from early to late spring. All of the δ 15 N values were low, which is indicative of either an inorganic source or soil organic matter. Storm discharge contained increased concentrations of total suspended solids; thus, storms are responsible for most of the sediment accumulation in the lake. E. coli levels in 24% of the samples analyzed contained a most probable number (MPN) greater than 235/100 mL, which is the maximum acceptable level set for recreational waters in Indiana. E. coli does appear to be a potential health risk, particularly at Rubble spring. The sources of E. coli found at this spring may include barnyard runoff from a horse barn or wastes from a wastewater treatment facility. The pesticides atrazine, metolachlor, acetochlor, and simazine were detected during the spring of 2001. Atrazine, metolachlor, ace-tochlor, and simazine are used to suppress weeds during corn and soybean production. Additional sources of atrazine and simazine may result from application to right-of-ways, orchards, and managed forest areas.