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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Kufra Basin (1)
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North Africa
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Libya
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Murzuk Basin (1)
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Invertebrata
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Tentaculitida
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Protista
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Vermes
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Plantae
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geochronology methods
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geologic age
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upper Cenozoic
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upper Mesozoic (1)
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Paleozoic
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Carboniferous
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Lodgepole Formation (1)
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Madison Group (1)
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Upper Carboniferous
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Old Red Sandstone (1)
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upper Famennian (1)
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Exshaw Formation (1)
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lower Paleozoic (1)
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middle Paleozoic (1)
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Ordovician
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Middle Ordovician
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Cloridorme Formation (1)
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Upper Ordovician
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Permian
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Cutler Formation (1)
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Unayzah Formation (1)
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Upper Permian
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Tatarian (1)
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Silurian
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Lower Silurian
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Llandovery
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upper Paleozoic
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Bakken Formation (1)
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Kaskaskia Sequence (1)
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Waits River Formation (1)
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Precambrian
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Espanola Formation (1)
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Onverwacht Group (1)
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Huronian
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Gowganda Formation (3)
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Neoproterozoic
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Hadrynian (1)
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Paleoproterozoic (2)
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igneous rocks
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volcanic rocks
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volcanic ash (3)
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metamorphic rocks
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halides
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silicates
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orthosilicates
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zircon group
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sulfates
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anhydrite (1)
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Primary terms
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absolute age (3)
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Africa
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Kufra Basin (1)
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North Africa
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Libya
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Murzuk Basin (1)
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Tunisia (1)
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Southern Africa
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KwaZulu-Natal South Africa
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Zululand (1)
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-
Mpumalanga South Africa
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Barberton Mountain Land (1)
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Barberton South Africa (1)
-
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Transvaal region (2)
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-
-
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Antarctica
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Transantarctic Mountains (1)
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Arctic Ocean
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Beaufort Sea (1)
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Norwegian Sea (1)
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Asia
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Arabian Peninsula
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Arabian Shield (1)
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Kuwait (1)
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Saudi Arabia (2)
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Far East
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Cambodia (1)
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China
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Jiangsu China (1)
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Ordos Basin (2)
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-
Japan
-
Honshu
-
Japanese Alps
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Hida Mountains (1)
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Shimane Japan
-
Shinji Lake (2)
-
-
-
-
Korea
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South Korea
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Pohang South Korea (1)
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Philippine Islands
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Mayon (1)
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Himalayas (3)
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Tyumen Russian Federation
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Atlantic Ocean
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Gulf of Mexico
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North Sea
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Australasia
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Quebec
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Gaspe Peninsula (3)
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Lacustrine mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sedimentary rocks in the Paleogene Funing Formation of the Subei Basin, eastern China: Characteristics and origin
The impact of grain characteristics on acoustic logging in unconsolidated sands
Hyperpycnal flow depositional characteristics and model in an ancient continental basin: a record from the Oligocene Lower Huagang Formation in the Xihu Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin
A revised chronostratigraphic framework for International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 355 sites in Laxmi Basin, eastern Arabian Sea
Climatic and tectonic controls of lacustrine hyperpycnite origination in the Late Triassic Ordos Basin, central China: Implications for unconventional petroleum development: Reply
Climatic and tectonic controls of lacustrine hyperpycnite origination in the Late Triassic Ordos Basin, central China: Implications for unconventional petroleum development: Discussion
Oligocene shallow-water lacustrine deltas of the Baxian sag of Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China: Depositional response during rift-to-thermal tectonic subsidence transition
Lithofabric Classification and Distribution of Coarse-Grained Deep-water Clastic Depositional Systems
ABSTRACT Facies models for deep-water resedimented conglomerates have not changed a great deal since the 1970s and 1980s, but modern reservoir modeling for hydrocarbon fields requires a modified approach to facies classification. The Brae trend of the South Viking Graben, North Sea, comprises a whole suite of turbidite architectural styles, built from a wide range of bed types, which are interpreted to extend over the entire range of deep-water sedimentary process and product. Many questions can be answered about facies and facies models using what we know about the Brae fields, outcrop analogs, and modern sea-floor studies. What types of bodies are constructed on the slope, intraslope, and basin floor, where conglomeratic lithofacies are common? What are the basic rock fabrics and how should these be interpreted and upscaled into meaningful reservoir flow units? What can be correlated and at what scale? Are there basin margin-wide events that mark phases of particular sedimentary events, and what roles do sea-level change and tectonics have on these pulses of sedimentation? This chapter has one central aim, to propose a comprehensive, practical rock fabric (here called “lithofabric”) model for the entire range of deep-water clastic rock fabrics. This work draws on several kilometers (several thousand feet) of detailed core descriptions from Thelma and Tiffany (CNR International operated fields), and the Inverewe prospect in the North Sea, in conjunction with outcrop and sea-floor examples from Turkey, California, Wales, and circum-Mediterranean Sea areas. Particular focus is given to conglomerates and pebbly sandstones, to capture lithofabric variations. The scheme focuses on fabric instead of on the interpretation of every event that led to every bed or bedset. This approach is particularly critical in amalgamated bedsets where the interpretation of bed boundaries is often subjective. The approach allows workers to focus on and capture vertical changes in rock fabric in core or in the field, without the need to define every bed boundary or distinguish bed boundaries from “intraevent” fabric changes. The aim is to move away from the “event bed” approach to describing deep-water facies, which involves interpretation during the description stage, particularly for coarser lithologies and structureless sandstones. This chapter starts with a review of current facies models and process-interpretation schemes for rock fabric, outlining their strengths and weaknesses. The new approach for describing lithofabric is then presented. Models are offered for the variety of lithofabrics produced by higher energy, coarser grained turbidity currents and debris flows. The various parent flows that can produce structureless sandstones are shown diagrammatically, to illustrate how similar fabrics can be produced by different processes. A series of models are shown, comparing existing proximal to distal facies-distribution models with the new scheme, highlighting differences and consolidating commonalities.