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NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Afar (1)
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Blue Nile (1)
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Central Africa
-
Angola (2)
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Congo (2)
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Congo Democratic Republic (1)
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Chad Basin (1)
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Congo Craton (7)
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East Africa
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Afar Depression (2)
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Ethiopia (6)
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Kenya (2)
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Mozambique (8)
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Somali Republic (2)
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Sudan
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Darfur (1)
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Tanzania (8)
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Zambia (3)
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East African Lakes
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Lake Kariba (2)
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East African Rift (5)
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Kalahari Desert (2)
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Kufra Basin (2)
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Limpopo Belt (1)
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Madagascar
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Mahajanga Basin (4)
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Mozambique Belt (8)
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North Africa
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Algeria
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Ahaggar (1)
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Atlas Mountains
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Moroccan Atlas Mountains
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Anti-Atlas (15)
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High Atlas (4)
-
-
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Egypt
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Eastern Desert (3)
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Sinai Egypt (3)
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Libya
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Murzuk Basin (3)
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Morocco
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Bou Azzer (1)
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Moroccan Atlas Mountains
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Anti-Atlas (15)
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High Atlas (4)
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Rif (1)
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Tafilalt (1)
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Tindouf Basin (1)
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Tunisia (2)
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Western Sahara (1)
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Nubian Shield (15)
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Reguibat Ridge (1)
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Sahara (5)
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Southern Africa
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Botswana (2)
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Gariep Belt (7)
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Kaapvaal Craton (8)
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Kalahari Craton (6)
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Karoo Basin (27)
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Lesotho (7)
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Namaqualand metamorphic complex (1)
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Namibia
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Damara Belt (6)
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Kaoko Belt (8)
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Orange River (2)
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South Africa
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Cape fold belt (11)
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Cape Province region (10)
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Eastern Cape Province South Africa
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Molteno South Africa (1)
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KwaZulu-Natal South Africa (4)
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Northern Cape Province South Africa (2)
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Western Cape Province South Africa (3)
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Witwatersrand (1)
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Zimbabwe (3)
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Tibesti Massif (1)
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West Africa
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Benue Valley (2)
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Cameroon (1)
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Chad (1)
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Guinea (1)
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Mali (1)
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Mauritania (1)
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Mauritanides (1)
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Niger (3)
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Nigeria (3)
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Sierra Leone (1)
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West African Craton (7)
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West African Shield (3)
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Zambezi Valley (5)
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Zimbabwe Craton (2)
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Alexander Island (6)
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Alexander Terrane (2)
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Alpine Fault (4)
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Altiplano (2)
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Anglesey (1)
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Antarctica
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Antarctic ice sheet
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Antarctic Peninsula
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Graham Land (6)
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Larsen Ice Shelf (1)
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Marguerite Bay (1)
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Coats Land (2)
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East Antarctica (22)
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Ellsworth Land
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Ellsworth Mountains (13)
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Enderby Land (3)
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Filchner Ice Shelf (1)
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James Ross Island (1)
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Larsemann Hills (1)
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Mac Robertson Land
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Prince Charles Mountains (4)
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Marie Byrd Land
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Queen Maud Land
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Lutzow-Holm Bay (1)
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Ross Island (1)
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Transantarctic Mountains
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Pensacola Mountains
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Victoria Land
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West Antarctica (15)
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Wilkes Land (1)
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Svalbard
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Asia
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Altai Mountains
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Gorny Altai (1)
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Altai Russian Federation
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Altai-Sayan region (3)
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Arabian Peninsula
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Oman
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Qatar (1)
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Yemen (2)
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Central Asia
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Kazakhstan
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Kokchetav Kazakhstan
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Pamirs (3)
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Far East
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Burma (5)
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China
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Indochina (2)
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Indonesia
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Sumatra (3)
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Japan
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Korea
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South Korea (3)
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Laos (1)
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Timor
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Malay Peninsula
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Langkawi Islands (1)
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Malaysia
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Mongolia (2)
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Thailand
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Vietnam (2)
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Himalayas
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Lesser Himalayas (3)
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Zanskar Range (3)
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Indian Peninsula
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Afghanistan (5)
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Bangladesh (2)
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Bengal (4)
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Bhutan (3)
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Ganga Basin (1)
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India
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Andhra Pradesh India
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Cuddapah Basin (1)
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Prakasam India (1)
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Bastar Craton (3)
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Bengal Islands
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Bihar India (17)
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Bundelkhand (1)
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Cauvery Basin (2)
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Chhattisgarh India
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Surguja India (1)
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Damodar Valley (9)
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Deccan Plateau (2)
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Dharwar Craton (9)
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Ghats
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Eastern Ghats (8)
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Godavari Valley (4)
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Gujarat India
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Kutch India
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Bhuj India (1)
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Himachal Pradesh India
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Spiti (1)
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Jharkhand India
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Bokaro coal field (1)
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Hazaribagh India
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Ramgarh coal field (2)
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Jharia coal field (3)
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Karanpura coal field (1)
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Karharbari India (1)
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Rajmahal India (1)
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Karnataka India
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Kerala India (5)
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Krishna River (1)
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Madhya Pradesh India (7)
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Mahanadi Valley (2)
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Maharashtra India
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Chandrapur India (1)
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Nagpur India (1)
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Wardha River valley (1)
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Narmada River (1)
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Narmada Valley (1)
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Narmada-Son Lineament (3)
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Northeastern India
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Arunachal Pradesh India (2)
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Assam India (1)
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Meghalaya India (3)
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Orissa India
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Cuttack India (1)
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Talchir (1)
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Pondicherry India (1)
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Pranhita-Godavari Valley (7)
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Punjab India (1)
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Rajasthan India (3)
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Satpura Range (2)
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Shillong Plateau (3)
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Sikkim India (2)
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Son Valley (1)
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Southern Granulite Terrain (8)
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Tamil Nadu India
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Uttar Pradesh India (1)
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West Bengal India
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Raniganj India (1)
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Indian Shield (10)
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Indus Basin (1)
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Jammu and Kashmir
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Kashmir (3)
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Ladakh (2)
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Nepal (6)
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Pakistan
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North-West Frontier Pakistan
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Chitral Pakistan (1)
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Punjab Pakistan
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Salt Range (1)
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Indus River (1)
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Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (1)
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Karakoram (8)
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Main Central Thrust (4)
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Middle East
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Cyprus (2)
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Dead Sea (1)
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Iran
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Elburz (6)
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Israel
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Elath Israel (2)
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Negev (1)
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Jordan (6)
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Syria
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Palmyrides (1)
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Turkey
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Anatolia (5)
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East Anatolian Fault (1)
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Lycian Taurus (1)
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Menderes Massif (2)
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Pontic Mountains (3)
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Sea of Marmara region (1)
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Taurus Mountains (7)
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Zagros (5)
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Okhotsk region (2)
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Primorye Russian Federation (1)
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Qiangtang Terrane (7)
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Salair Ridge (1)
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Siberia (14)
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Siberian Platform (2)
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Siwalik Range (1)
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Southeast Asia (4)
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Sri Lanka (14)
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Strait of Malacca (1)
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Tajikistan (1)
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Tarbagatay Range (1)
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Tibetan Plateau (13)
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Tien Shan (2)
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Tuva Russian Federation (1)
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West Siberia
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Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
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Australasia
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New Zealand
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Russian Federation
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developing countries (1)
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Rhodope Mountains (2)
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Ptychopariida (1)
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Redlichiida (1)
-
-
-
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Brachiopoda
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Articulata
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Orthida (1)
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Productida (1)
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Rhynchonellida
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Rhynchonellidae (2)
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Spiriferida
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Atrypidae (1)
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Strophomenida (1)
-
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Inarticulata
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Lingula (1)
-
-
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Bryozoa
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Cryptostomata (1)
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Trepostomata (1)
-
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Cnidaria
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Anthozoa
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Zoantharia
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Rugosa (2)
-
-
-
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Echinodermata
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Asterozoa
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Stelleroidea
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Ophiuroidea (1)
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-
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Crinozoa
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Crinoidea (8)
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Eocrinoidea (1)
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Echinozoa
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Cyclocystoidea (1)
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Echinoidea (1)
-
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Homalozoa
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Stylophora (3)
-
-
-
Mollusca
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Bivalvia
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Palaeoheterodonta
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Trigoniidae (2)
-
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Pholadomyoida (1)
-
Pterioida
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Pteriina
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Inocerami
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Inoceramidae (1)
-
-
Pectinacea (2)
-
-
-
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
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Ammonites (3)
-
Goniatitida
-
Goniatitidae
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Goniatites (1)
-
-
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Lytoceratida (1)
-
Phylloceratida (1)
-
-
Nautiloidea (1)
-
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Gastropoda (7)
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Hyolithes (2)
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Polyplacophora (1)
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Rostroconchia (1)
-
Tentaculitida
-
Tentaculitidae
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Tentaculites (2)
-
-
-
-
Porifera (2)
-
Protista
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Foraminifera
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Fusulinina
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Fusulinidae
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Schwagerina (1)
-
-
-
Rotaliina
-
Globigerinacea
-
Globotruncanidae
-
Globotruncana (1)
-
-
-
-
Textulariina (1)
-
-
Radiolaria (9)
-
Thecamoeba (1)
-
-
Vermes
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scolecodonts (2)
-
-
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Metazoa (1)
-
microfossils
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Chitinozoa (9)
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Conodonta
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Neognathodus (1)
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Palmatolepis (2)
-
-
Fusulinina
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Fusulinidae
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Schwagerina (1)
-
-
-
scolecodonts (2)
-
-
palynomorphs
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acritarchs (21)
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Chitinozoa (9)
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Dinoflagellata (1)
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miospores
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pollen (10)
-
-
-
Plantae
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algae
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Chlorophyta
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Chlorophyceae
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Dasycladaceae (1)
-
-
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Coccolithophoraceae (1)
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nannofossils (1)
-
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Bryophyta (2)
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Pteridophyta
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Filicopsida
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Archaeopteris (1)
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Dicroidium (3)
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Sphenopteris (1)
-
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Lycopsida (5)
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Sphenopsida
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Equisetales (2)
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Sphenopteris (1)
-
-
-
Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae
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Dicotyledoneae
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Myrtaceae
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Eucalyptus (1)
-
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Nothofagus (1)
-
-
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Gymnospermae
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Coniferales (2)
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Cordaitales (1)
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Cycadales
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Ptilophyllum (1)
-
-
Ginkgoales (1)
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Glossopteridales
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Gangamopteris (1)
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Glossopteris
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Glossopteris flora (1)
-
-
-
Pteridospermae (4)
-
-
-
-
problematic fossils (7)
-
Pterobranchia (2)
-
tracks (3)
-
trails (4)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (4)
-
Ar/Ar (52)
-
fission-track dating (11)
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K/Ar (8)
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Lu/Hf (17)
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Nd/Nd (4)
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paleomagnetism (91)
-
Pb/Pb (15)
-
Pb/Th (3)
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Rb/Sr (25)
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Re/Os (2)
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Sm/Nd (32)
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Sr/Sr (3)
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Th/U (4)
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thermochronology (14)
-
tree rings (1)
-
U/Pb (325)
-
U/Th/Pb (9)
-
-
geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Holocene (1)
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Pleistocene
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middle Pleistocene (1)
-
-
upper Quaternary (1)
-
-
Stone Age
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Paleolithic
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Acheulian (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
lower Tertiary (3)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
lower Miocene (1)
-
upper Miocene
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Pontian (1)
-
-
-
Pliocene
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Cimmerian (2)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
lower Eocene (2)
-
upper Eocene (2)
-
-
Oligocene
-
Frio Formation (1)
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
Danian (1)
-
K-T boundary (4)
-
-
-
-
Sobral Formation (1)
-
-
-
Coal Measures (1)
-
Dalradian (2)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Alisitos Formation (1)
-
Bahariya Formation (1)
-
Comanchean
-
Rodessa Formation (1)
-
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Agrio Formation (1)
-
Albian (4)
-
Aptian
-
lower Aptian (1)
-
-
Barremian (2)
-
Crato Formation (1)
-
Hauterivian (1)
-
Rodessa Formation (1)
-
Valanginian (1)
-
-
Middle Cretaceous (6)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Campanian (1)
-
Cenomanian (2)
-
Gulfian
-
Olmos Formation (1)
-
-
K-T boundary (4)
-
Maestrichtian (5)
-
Maevarano Formation (2)
-
Pakawau Group (1)
-
Santonian (2)
-
Senonian (4)
-
-
-
Glen Canyon Group (1)
-
Jurassic
-
Clarens Formation (2)
-
Ferrar Group (9)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Hettangian (2)
-
lower Liassic (2)
-
middle Liassic (2)
-
Pliensbachian (3)
-
Sinemurian (2)
-
Toarcian (6)
-
upper Liassic (2)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Aalenian (1)
-
Bajocian (1)
-
Bathonian (1)
-
Callovian (6)
-
-
Norphlet Formation (3)
-
San Rafael Group (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Buckner Formation (1)
-
Haynesville Formation (3)
-
Kimmeridgian (3)
-
Oxfordian
-
lower Oxfordian (1)
-
-
Portlandian (1)
-
Raghavapuram Shales (1)
-
Tithonian (1)
-
-
-
lower Mesozoic (7)
-
Murihiku Supergroup (2)
-
Triassic
-
Fremouw Formation (2)
-
Lower Triassic
-
Olenekian (3)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (12)
-
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (1)
-
-
Narrabeen Group (2)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Carnian (4)
-
Chinle Formation (1)
-
Karmutsen Group (1)
-
Molteno Formation (2)
-
Norian (7)
-
Rhaetian (2)
-
Stormberg Series (1)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic (3)
-
Vaca Muerta Formation (3)
-
-
Moldanubian (5)
-
Paleozoic
-
Acatlan Complex (7)
-
Bowers Supergroup (2)
-
Cambrian
-
Acadian (5)
-
Kanmantoo Group (3)
-
Lancara Formation (1)
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Chilhowee Group (1)
-
Kinzers Formation (1)
-
Shady Dolomite (1)
-
Terreneuvian
-
Fortunian (1)
-
-
Tommotian (1)
-
-
Middle Cambrian
-
Burgess Shale (1)
-
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Furongian
-
Paibian (1)
-
-
Goldenville Formation (3)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Asbian (2)
-
Dinantian (17)
-
-
Middle Carboniferous (1)
-
Mississippian
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Tournaisian (6)
-
-
Macumber Formation (1)
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean
-
upper Visean (1)
-
-
-
Stanley Group (1)
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Hinton Formation (1)
-
Mauch Chunk Formation (1)
-
Serpukhovian (2)
-
-
Windsor Group (3)
-
-
Namurian (7)
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Joggins Formation (1)
-
Lower Pennsylvanian (1)
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Allegheny Group (1)
-
Moscovian (4)
-
-
Morien Group (1)
-
Pottsville Group (2)
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Gzhelian (1)
-
Kasimovian (2)
-
Virgilian (1)
-
-
-
Tesnus Formation (1)
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Stephanian (2)
-
Talchir Series (1)
-
Westphalian (5)
-
-
-
Casco Bay Group (1)
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian
-
Emsian (1)
-
Lochkovian (4)
-
Pragian (1)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Eifelian (1)
-
Givetian (4)
-
-
Muth Quartzite (1)
-
Old Red Sandstone (2)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian (7)
-
Frasnian
-
upper Frasnian (2)
-
-
Kellwasser event (1)
-
-
-
Hanson Creek Formation (1)
-
Itarare Subgroup (4)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Wilmington Complex (1)
-
-
Matapedia Group (1)
-
middle Paleozoic (4)
-
Ordovician
-
Acoite Formation (2)
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Arenigian (8)
-
El Paso Group (2)
-
Fillmore Formation (1)
-
Floian (4)
-
Ibexian (1)
-
Manx Group (1)
-
Tremadocian
-
Halifax Formation (2)
-
-
-
Meguma Group (2)
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Ammonoosuc Volcanics (1)
-
Dapingian (1)
-
Darriwilian (8)
-
Llandeilian (3)
-
Llanvirnian (5)
-
-
Montoya Group (1)
-
Skiddaw Slates (3)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (12)
-
Caradocian
-
Borrowdale Volcanic Group (2)
-
-
Hirnantian (13)
-
Juniata Formation (1)
-
Katian (3)
-
Sandbian (1)
-
Wufeng Formation (1)
-
-
Wild Bight Group (2)
-
-
Paganzo Group (1)
-
Permian
-
Buckley Formation (1)
-
Cutler Formation (1)
-
Ecca Group (2)
-
Guadalupian
-
Capitanian (2)
-
Delaware Mountain Group (1)
-
Roadian (2)
-
Wordian (2)
-
-
Kamthi Formation (7)
-
Khuff Formation (2)
-
Lower Permian
-
Al Khlata Formation (3)
-
Barakar Stage (13)
-
Cisuralian
-
Artinskian (5)
-
Asselian (8)
-
Kungurian (4)
-
Sakmarian (10)
-
-
Leonardian (1)
-
Wolfcampian (1)
-
-
Middle Permian (6)
-
Newcastle Coal Measures (1)
-
Rio Bonito Formation (5)
-
Unayzah Formation (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Kazanian (1)
-
Lopingian
-
Changhsingian (5)
-
Wuchiapingian (1)
-
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (12)
-
Raniganj Formation (4)
-
Tatarian (1)
-
-
Wellington Formation (1)
-
Whitehill Formation (1)
-
-
Phuket Group (1)
-
Sauk Sequence (2)
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery
-
Aeronian (2)
-
Rhuddanian (3)
-
Telychian (2)
-
-
Qalibah Formation (2)
-
Wenlock
-
Homerian (1)
-
Sheinwoodian (1)
-
-
-
Middle Silurian (2)
-
Upper Silurian
-
Ludlow
-
Gorstian (1)
-
Ludfordian (1)
-
-
Pridoli (4)
-
-
-
Talchir Formation (10)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Copacabana Group (1)
-
Dwyka Formation (4)
-
Guandacol Formation (1)
-
Shanxi Formation (1)
-
-
Wissahickon Formation (2)
-
-
Phanerozoic (22)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Aravalli System (1)
-
Mesoarchean (3)
-
Napier Complex (1)
-
Neoarchean
-
Dharwar Supergroup (1)
-
-
Paleoarchean (2)
-
Peninsular Gneiss (1)
-
-
Bijawar System (1)
-
Delhi Supergroup (1)
-
Eocambrian (1)
-
Hadean (1)
-
Purcell System (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Mahakoshal Group (2)
-
Proterozoic
-
Bambui Group (1)
-
Damara System (9)
-
Huronian (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Belt Supergroup (1)
-
Helikian (2)
-
Stenian (2)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Brioverian (1)
-
Burra Group (1)
-
Cryogenian (8)
-
Ediacaran (32)
-
Infracambrian (1)
-
Maranon Complex (2)
-
Moine Supergroup (1)
-
Nantuo Formation (1)
-
Otavi Group (2)
-
Riphean (1)
-
Tonian (8)
-
Vendian (11)
-
Wilpena Group (1)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Birimian (1)
-
-
Pretoria Group (1)
-
Sinian
-
Nantuo Formation (1)
-
-
Umberatana Group (1)
-
-
-
Ventersdorp Supergroup (1)
-
Waterberg System (1)
-
-
Rhenohercynian (4)
-
Saxothuringian (7)
-
Vindhyan (4)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (1)
-
granophyre (1)
-
kimberlite (7)
-
picrite (2)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (2)
-
diabase
-
tholeiitic dolerite (1)
-
-
diorites
-
ferrodiorite (1)
-
quartz diorites (1)
-
tonalite (9)
-
trondhjemite (2)
-
-
gabbros (19)
-
granites
-
adamellite (1)
-
aplite (1)
-
A-type granites (6)
-
charnockite (3)
-
granite porphyry (1)
-
I-type granites (7)
-
leucogranite (3)
-
monzogranite (3)
-
S-type granites (8)
-
-
granodiorites (15)
-
lamproite (4)
-
lamprophyres
-
minette (1)
-
-
monzodiorite (1)
-
pegmatite (10)
-
quartz monzonite (1)
-
syenites
-
alkali syenites (1)
-
nepheline syenite (1)
-
quartz syenite (1)
-
-
syenodiorite (1)
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (2)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (3)
-
garnet lherzolite (2)
-
harzburgite (3)
-
lherzolite (2)
-
spinel peridotite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
garnet pyroxenite (2)
-
orthopyroxenite (1)
-
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites
-
boninite (1)
-
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
spilite (1)
-
-
flood basalts (13)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (18)
-
ocean-island basalts (8)
-
shoshonite (1)
-
tholeiite (9)
-
tholeiitic basalt (2)
-
trap rocks (3)
-
-
dacites (3)
-
glasses
-
volcanic glass (1)
-
-
meimechite (2)
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (1)
-
hyaloclastite (1)
-
ignimbrite (7)
-
tuff (10)
-
-
rhyodacites (1)
-
rhyolites (14)
-
trachyandesites (1)
-
trachytes (1)
-
-
-
ophiolite (40)
-
volcanic ash (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
K-bentonite (3)
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (13)
-
eclogite (7)
-
gneisses
-
augen gneiss (1)
-
biotite gneiss (1)
-
orthogneiss (20)
-
paragneiss (8)
-
sillimanite gneiss (1)
-
-
granulites (26)
-
listwanite (1)
-
marbles (1)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasalt (3)
-
metabasite (5)
-
metagabbro (12)
-
metagranite (10)
-
metaperidotite (1)
-
metapyroxenite (1)
-
metarhyolite (1)
-
metatuff (1)
-
serpentinite (5)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (3)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
khondalite (3)
-
metaconglomerate (1)
-
metagraywacke (4)
-
metapelite (10)
-
metasandstone (4)
-
paragneiss (8)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
rodingite (1)
-
serpentinite (5)
-
skarn (1)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (16)
-
migmatites (13)
-
mylonites
-
ultramylonite (1)
-
-
phyllites (2)
-
quartzites (11)
-
schists
-
biotite schist (1)
-
blueschist (2)
-
greenschist (1)
-
-
slates (5)
-
-
ophiolite (40)
-
turbidite (15)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites
-
stony meteorites
-
chondrites (1)
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
carbonates
-
calcite (4)
-
dolomite (1)
-
magnesite (1)
-
-
halides
-
fluorides
-
topaz (1)
-
-
-
K-bentonite (3)
-
minerals (1)
-
native elements
-
diamond
-
microdiamond (1)
-
-
graphite (2)
-
-
organic minerals
-
amber (1)
-
-
oxides
-
alexandrite (1)
-
aluminum oxides (1)
-
baddeleyite (2)
-
cassiterite (1)
-
chrome spinel (1)
-
chromite (1)
-
chrysoberyl (2)
-
ferropericlase (1)
-
hematite (4)
-
ilmenite (1)
-
iron oxides (2)
-
magnetite (2)
-
niobates
-
pyrochlore (1)
-
-
periclase (1)
-
sapphire (1)
-
spinel (4)
-
spinel group (2)
-
wustite (1)
-
zirconolite (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (18)
-
monazite (25)
-
rhabdophane (1)
-
xenotime (2)
-
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
aenigmatite group
-
sapphirine (2)
-
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
glaucophane (1)
-
hornblende (4)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene (3)
-
orthopyroxene (1)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
amazonite (1)
-
K-feldspar (5)
-
microcline (1)
-
perthite (1)
-
-
plagioclase (1)
-
-
silica minerals
-
amethyst (1)
-
jasper (1)
-
quartz (5)
-
-
-
magnesian silicates (1)
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
garnet group
-
almandine (1)
-
grossular (1)
-
pyrope (1)
-
-
kyanite (4)
-
olivine group
-
forsterite (1)
-
olivine (3)
-
-
sillimanite (2)
-
staurolite (2)
-
titanite group
-
titanite (8)
-
-
topaz (1)
-
zircon group
-
coffinite (1)
-
zircon (304)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
epidote group
-
allanite (1)
-
tanzanite (1)
-
-
pumpellyite group
-
pumpellyite (1)
-
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
emerald (1)
-
milarite group
-
osumilite (1)
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
clay minerals (4)
-
illite (1)
-
mica group
-
biotite (10)
-
muscovite (14)
-
phengite (2)
-
phlogopite (2)
-
-
talc (1)
-
-
-
sulfides
-
chalcopyrite (1)
-
pentlandite (1)
-
pyrite (4)
-
-
vanadates
-
carnotite (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (393)
-
Africa
-
Afar (1)
-
Blue Nile (1)
-
Central Africa
-
Angola (2)
-
Congo (2)
-
Congo Democratic Republic (1)
-
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Chad Basin (1)
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Congo Craton (7)
-
East Africa
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Afar Depression (2)
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Ethiopia (6)
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Kenya (2)
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Mozambique (8)
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Somali Republic (2)
-
Sudan
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Darfur (1)
-
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Tanzania (8)
-
Zambia (3)
-
-
East African Lakes
-
Lake Kariba (2)
-
-
East African Rift (5)
-
Kalahari Desert (2)
-
Kufra Basin (2)
-
Limpopo Belt (1)
-
Madagascar
-
Mahajanga Basin (4)
-
-
Mozambique Belt (8)
-
North Africa
-
Algeria
-
Ahaggar (1)
-
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (15)
-
High Atlas (4)
-
-
-
Egypt
-
Eastern Desert (3)
-
Sinai Egypt (3)
-
-
Libya
-
Murzuk Basin (3)
-
-
Morocco
-
Bou Azzer (1)
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (15)
-
High Atlas (4)
-
-
Rif (1)
-
Tafilalt (1)
-
-
Tindouf Basin (1)
-
Tunisia (2)
-
Western Sahara (1)
-
-
Nubian Shield (15)
-
Reguibat Ridge (1)
-
Sahara (5)
-
Southern Africa
-
Botswana (2)
-
Gariep Belt (7)
-
Kaapvaal Craton (8)
-
Kalahari Craton (6)
-
Karoo Basin (27)
-
Lesotho (7)
-
Namaqualand metamorphic complex (1)
-
Namibia
-
Damara Belt (6)
-
Kaoko Belt (8)
-
-
Orange River (2)
-
South Africa
-
Cape fold belt (11)
-
Cape Province region (10)
-
Eastern Cape Province South Africa
-
Molteno South Africa (1)
-
-
KwaZulu-Natal South Africa (4)
-
Northern Cape Province South Africa (2)
-
Western Cape Province South Africa (3)
-
Witwatersrand (1)
-
-
Zimbabwe (3)
-
-
Tibesti Massif (1)
-
West Africa
-
Benue Valley (2)
-
Cameroon (1)
-
Chad (1)
-
Guinea (1)
-
Mali (1)
-
Mauritania (1)
-
Mauritanides (1)
-
Niger (3)
-
Nigeria (3)
-
Sierra Leone (1)
-
-
West African Craton (7)
-
West African Shield (3)
-
Zambezi Valley (5)
-
Zimbabwe Craton (2)
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic ice sheet
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East Antarctic ice sheet (1)
-
-
Antarctic Peninsula
-
Graham Land (6)
-
Larsen Ice Shelf (1)
-
Marguerite Bay (1)
-
-
Coats Land (2)
-
East Antarctica (22)
-
Ellsworth Land
-
Ellsworth Mountains (13)
-
-
Enderby Land (3)
-
Filchner Ice Shelf (1)
-
James Ross Island (1)
-
Larsemann Hills (1)
-
Mac Robertson Land
-
Prince Charles Mountains (4)
-
-
Marie Byrd Land
-
Fosdick Mountains (1)
-
-
Queen Maud Land
-
Lutzow-Holm Bay (1)
-
Schirmacher Hills (1)
-
Sor-Rondane Mountains (1)
-
-
Ross Island (1)
-
South Orkney Islands (2)
-
South Pole (1)
-
South Shetland Islands
-
King George Island (1)
-
Livingston Island (1)
-
-
Transantarctic Mountains
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Beardmore Glacier (1)
-
Horlick Mountains
-
Ohio Range (1)
-
-
Pensacola Mountains
-
Dufek Intrusion (1)
-
-
Queen Maud Range (3)
-
Shackleton Range (2)
-
-
Victoria Land
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Wilson Terrane (6)
-
-
West Antarctica (15)
-
Wilkes Land (1)
-
-
Arctic Ocean (1)
-
Arctic region
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Greenland
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East Greenland (1)
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Northern Greenland (2)
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Peary Land (1)
-
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Svalbard
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Spitsbergen (1)
-
-
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Asia
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Altai Mountains
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Gorny Altai (1)
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Kuznetsk Alatau (1)
-
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Altai Russian Federation
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Gorny Altai (1)
-
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Altai-Sayan region (3)
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Arabian Peninsula
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Arabian Shield (20)
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Bahrain (1)
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Oman
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Oman Mountains (2)
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Qatar (1)
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Rub' al Khali (1)
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Saudi Arabia
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Ghawar Field (1)
-
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United Arab Emirates (1)
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Yemen (2)
-
-
Brahmaputra River (1)
-
Central Asia
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Kazakhstan
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Eastern Kazakhstan
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Chingis-Tau (1)
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Semipalatinsk Kazakhstan (1)
-
-
Kokchetav Kazakhstan
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Kokchetav Massif (1)
-
-
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Pamirs (3)
-
-
Far East
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Burma (5)
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China
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Altun Mountains (2)
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Chongqing China (1)
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Guangxi China (2)
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Guizhou China (4)
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Hunan China (3)
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Inner Mongolia China (3)
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Shandong China (1)
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Sichuan China
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Panxi Rift (1)
-
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South China Block (18)
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Tarim Platform (7)
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Xinjiang China (1)
-
Xizang China
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Lhasa Block (10)
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Lhasa China (1)
-
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Yangtze Platform (7)
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Yunnan China
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Kunming China (1)
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Tengchong (2)
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Zhejiang China (1)
-
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Indochina (2)
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Indonesia
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Sumatra (3)
-
-
Japan
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Honshu
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Gifu Japan (1)
-
Hida metamorphic belt (1)
-
-
-
Korea
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South Korea (3)
-
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Laos (1)
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Lesser Sunda Islands
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Timor
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East Timor (2)
-
-
-
Malay Peninsula
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West Malaysia
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Langkawi Islands (1)
-
-
-
Malaysia
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West Malaysia
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Langkawi Islands (1)
-
-
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Mongolia (2)
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Sino-Korean Platform (1)
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Thailand
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Khorat Plateau (1)
-
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Vietnam (2)
-
-
Himalayas
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High Himalayan Crystallines (2)
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Kumaun Himalayas (1)
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Lesser Himalayas (3)
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Zanskar Range (3)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
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Afghanistan (5)
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Bangladesh (2)
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Bengal (4)
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Bhutan (3)
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Ganga Basin (1)
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India
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Andhra Pradesh India
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Cuddapah Basin (1)
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Prakasam India (1)
-
-
Bastar Craton (3)
-
Bengal Islands
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Nicobar Islands (1)
-
-
Bihar India (17)
-
Bundelkhand (1)
-
Cauvery Basin (2)
-
Chhattisgarh India
-
Surguja India (1)
-
-
Damodar Valley (9)
-
Deccan Plateau (2)
-
Dharwar Craton (9)
-
Ghats
-
Eastern Ghats (8)
-
-
Godavari Valley (4)
-
Gujarat India
-
Kutch India
-
Bhuj India (1)
-
-
-
Himachal Pradesh India
-
Spiti (1)
-
-
Jharkhand India
-
Bokaro coal field (1)
-
Hazaribagh India
-
Karanpura India (1)
-
Ramgarh coal field (2)
-
-
Jharia coal field (3)
-
Karanpura coal field (1)
-
Karharbari India (1)
-
Rajmahal India (1)
-
Ranchi India (1)
-
Singhbhum India (1)
-
-
Karnataka India
-
Closepet Granite (1)
-
-
Kerala India (5)
-
Krishna River (1)
-
Madhya Pradesh India (7)
-
Mahanadi Valley (2)
-
Maharashtra India
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Chandrapur India (1)
-
Nagpur India (1)
-
Wardha River valley (1)
-
-
Narmada River (1)
-
Narmada Valley (1)
-
Narmada-Son Lineament (3)
-
Northeastern India
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Arunachal Pradesh India (2)
-
Assam India (1)
-
Meghalaya India (3)
-
-
Orissa India
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Cuttack India (1)
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Talchir (1)
-
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Pondicherry India (1)
-
Pranhita-Godavari Valley (7)
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Punjab India (1)
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Rajasthan India (3)
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Satpura Range (2)
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Shillong Plateau (3)
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Sikkim India (2)
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Son Valley (1)
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Southern Granulite Terrain (8)
-
Tamil Nadu India
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Chennai India (1)
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Tiruchirapalli India (1)
-
-
Uttar Pradesh India (1)
-
West Bengal India
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Barakar India (1)
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Darjeeling India (1)
-
Raniganj India (1)
-
-
-
Indian Shield (10)
-
Indus Basin (1)
-
Jammu and Kashmir
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Kashmir (3)
-
Ladakh (2)
-
-
Nepal (6)
-
Pakistan
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North-West Frontier Pakistan
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Chitral Pakistan (1)
-
-
Punjab Pakistan
-
Salt Range (1)
-
-
-
-
Indus River (1)
-
Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (1)
-
Karakoram (8)
-
Main Boundary Fault (1)
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Main Central Thrust (4)
-
Middle East
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Cyprus (2)
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Dead Sea (1)
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Iran
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Elburz (6)
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Kerman Iran (2)
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Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (5)
-
-
Israel
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Elath Israel (2)
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Negev (1)
-
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Jordan (6)
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Syria
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Palmyrides (1)
-
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Turkey
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Anatolia (5)
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East Anatolian Fault (1)
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Istanbul Turkey (1)
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Lycian Taurus (1)
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Menderes Massif (2)
-
Pontic Mountains (3)
-
Sea of Marmara region (1)
-
Taurus Mountains (7)
-
-
Zagros (5)
-
-
Okhotsk region (2)
-
Primorye Russian Federation (1)
-
Qiangtang Terrane (7)
-
Salair Ridge (1)
-
Siberia (14)
-
Siberian Platform (2)
-
Siwalik Range (1)
-
Southeast Asia (4)
-
Sri Lanka (14)
-
Strait of Malacca (1)
-
Tajikistan (1)
-
Tarbagatay Range (1)
-
Tibetan Plateau (13)
-
Tien Shan (2)
-
Tuva Russian Federation (1)
-
Verkhoyansk region (1)
-
West Siberia
-
Kuznetsk Alatau (1)
-
-
-
associations (1)
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
Mid-Atlantic Ridge (2)
-
North Atlantic
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Caribbean Sea (1)
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Celtic Sea (1)
-
Georges Bank (2)
-
Gulf of Mexico
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De Soto Canyon (2)
-
-
Irish Sea (1)
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Northeast Atlantic (2)
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Northwest Atlantic (1)
-
-
South Atlantic
-
Cape Basin (1)
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Falkland Plateau (3)
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Santos Basin (2)
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Southeast Atlantic (1)
-
Southwest Atlantic (2)
-
Walvis Ridge (2)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Faeroe Islands (1)
-
Falkland Islands (11)
-
-
Atlantic region (13)
-
atmosphere (2)
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Adelaide Geosyncline (2)
-
Amadeus Basin (2)
-
Bass Strait (1)
-
Eromanga Basin (1)
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Georgina Basin (1)
-
Lachlan fold belt (11)
-
Macquarie Arc (1)
-
Musgrave Block (1)
-
Musgrave Ranges (2)
-
New South Wales Australia
-
Newcastle Australia (1)
-
-
Northern Territory Australia (4)
-
Queensland Australia
-
Denison Trough (1)
-
-
South Australia
-
Flinders Ranges (3)
-
Gawler Craton (1)
-
Kangaroo Island (3)
-
Lake Frome (1)
-
-
Tamworth Belt (1)
-
Tasmania Australia
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Tasmania Basin (2)
-
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Victoria Australia (10)
-
Western Australia
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Canning Basin (4)
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Carnarvon Basin (1)
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Collie Basin (1)
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Pilbara (1)
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Pilbara Craton (3)
-
Yilgarn Craton (4)
-
-
-
New Zealand
-
Auckland New Zealand (1)
-
Bay of Plenty (1)
-
Canterbury New Zealand (2)
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Nelson New Zealand (1)
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Northland New Zealand (1)
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Otago New Zealand (2)
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Raukumara Peninsula (1)
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Reefton New Zealand (1)
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Southland New Zealand
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Fiordland (1)
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Fiordland National Park (2)
-
-
Taupo (1)
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Torlesse Terrane (5)
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Wellington New Zealand (1)
-
Westland New Zealand (1)
-
-
Papua New Guinea (1)
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Tasman orogenic zone (3)
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barite deposits (1)
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bibliography (5)
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biogeography (136)
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biography (4)
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bitumens (1)
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brines (2)
-
Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Gander Zone (7)
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Maritime Provinces
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New Brunswick
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Saint John County New Brunswick
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Saint John New Brunswick (1)
-
-
-
Nova Scotia
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Annapolis County Nova Scotia (1)
-
Antigonish County Nova Scotia (3)
-
Cape Breton Island (2)
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Cobequid Highlands (2)
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Kings County Nova Scotia (1)
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Minas Basin (1)
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Yarmouth County Nova Scotia
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Yarmouth Nova Scotia (1)
-
-
-
Prince Edward Island (1)
-
-
Meguma Terrane (16)
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
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Newfoundland
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Avalon Peninsula (3)
-
-
-
Quebec
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Anticosti Island (1)
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Gaspe Peninsula (1)
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-
-
Elzevir Terrane (1)
-
Western Canada
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British Columbia
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Vancouver Island (1)
-
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (18)
-
organic carbon (2)
-
-
Caribbean region (3)
-
Caspian Sea (1)
-
Cenozoic
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Quaternary
-
Holocene (1)
-
Pleistocene
-
middle Pleistocene (1)
-
-
upper Quaternary (1)
-
-
Stone Age
-
Paleolithic
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Acheulian (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
lower Tertiary (3)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
lower Miocene (1)
-
upper Miocene
-
Pontian (1)
-
-
-
Pliocene
-
Cimmerian (2)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
lower Eocene (2)
-
upper Eocene (2)
-
-
Oligocene
-
Frio Formation (1)
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
Danian (1)
-
K-T boundary (4)
-
-
-
-
Sobral Formation (1)
-
-
-
Central America
-
Belize
-
Maya Mountains (1)
-
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Guatemala (1)
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Honduras (1)
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
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Agnatha (3)
-
Pisces
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Acanthodii (1)
-
Chondrichthyes (1)
-
Osteichthyes
-
Sarcopterygii
-
Dipnoi (2)
-
-
-
Placodermi
-
Arthrodira (1)
-
-
-
Tetrapoda
-
Amphibia
-
Labyrinthodontia
-
Temnospondyli (1)
-
-
-
Aves (1)
-
Mammalia
-
Multituberculata (1)
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Artiodactyla (1)
-
-
-
-
Reptilia
-
Anapsida
-
Testudines
-
Chelonia (1)
-
Pleurodira (1)
-
-
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
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Crocodilia (2)
-
dinosaurs
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Ornithischia (1)
-
Saurischia
-
Sauropodomorpha
-
Sauropoda (3)
-
-
Theropoda
-
Coelurosauria
-
Dromaeosauridae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Pterosauria (1)
-
-
Ichthyosauria (1)
-
Lepidosauria
-
Squamata
-
Serpentes (1)
-
-
-
-
Synapsida
-
Therapsida
-
Dicynodontia
-
Lystrosaurus (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
climate change (19)
-
coal deposits (7)
-
continental drift (235)
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continental shelf (9)
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continental slope (2)
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core (4)
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crystallography (1)
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data processing (21)
-
Deep Sea Drilling Project
-
IPOD
-
Leg 71
-
DSDP Site 511 (1)
-
-
Leg 74
-
DSDP Site 525 (1)
-
-
Leg 90
-
DSDP Site 593 (1)
-
-
Leg 91
-
DSDP Site 595 (1)
-
DSDP Site 596 (1)
-
-
-
Leg 21
-
DSDP Site 207 (1)
-
DSDP Site 208 (1)
-
-
Leg 35
-
DSDP Site 323 (1)
-
-
Leg 40
-
DSDP Site 361 (1)
-
DSDP Site 363 (1)
-
-
-
deformation (100)
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diagenesis (12)
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economic geology (7)
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epeirogeny (8)
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Eurasia (8)
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Europe
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Alps
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Western Alps
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Dauphine Alps
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Belledonne Massif (1)
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Armenia
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Carpathians
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Caucasus
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Central Europe
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Austria
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Bohemian Massif (19)
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Moravia (1)
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Germany
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Poland
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Southern Europe
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Greek Macedonia
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Iberian Peninsula
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Portugal (8)
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Spain
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Saragossa Spain (1)
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Tasman Sea
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Challenger Plateau (1)
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Pacific region
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Circum-Pacific region (2)
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paleobotany (5)
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paleoclimatology (97)
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paleoecology (82)
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paleomagnetism (91)
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paleontology (16)
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Paleozoic
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Acatlan Complex (7)
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Bowers Supergroup (2)
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Cambrian
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Acadian (5)
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Kanmantoo Group (3)
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Lancara Formation (1)
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Lower Cambrian
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Chilhowee Group (1)
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Kinzers Formation (1)
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Shady Dolomite (1)
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Terreneuvian
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Fortunian (1)
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Tommotian (1)
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Middle Cambrian
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Burgess Shale (1)
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Upper Cambrian
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Furongian
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Paibian (1)
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Goldenville Formation (3)
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-
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Carboniferous
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Lower Carboniferous
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Asbian (2)
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Dinantian (17)
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Middle Carboniferous (1)
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Mississippian
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Lower Mississippian
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Tournaisian (6)
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Macumber Formation (1)
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Middle Mississippian
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Visean
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upper Visean (1)
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-
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Stanley Group (1)
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Upper Mississippian
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Hinton Formation (1)
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Mauch Chunk Formation (1)
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Serpukhovian (2)
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Windsor Group (3)
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Namurian (7)
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Pennsylvanian
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Joggins Formation (1)
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Lower Pennsylvanian (1)
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Middle Pennsylvanian
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Allegheny Group (1)
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Moscovian (4)
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Morien Group (1)
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Pottsville Group (2)
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Upper Pennsylvanian
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Gzhelian (1)
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Kasimovian (2)
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Virgilian (1)
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-
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Tesnus Formation (1)
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Upper Carboniferous
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Stephanian (2)
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Talchir Series (1)
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Westphalian (5)
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-
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Casco Bay Group (1)
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Devonian
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Lower Devonian
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Lochkovian (4)
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Pragian (1)
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Middle Devonian
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Eifelian (1)
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Muth Quartzite (1)
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Old Red Sandstone (2)
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Upper Devonian
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Famennian (7)
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Frasnian
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upper Frasnian (2)
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Kellwasser event (1)
-
-
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Hanson Creek Formation (1)
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Itarare Subgroup (4)
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lower Paleozoic
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Wilmington Complex (1)
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Matapedia Group (1)
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middle Paleozoic (4)
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Ordovician
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Acoite Formation (2)
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Lower Ordovician
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Arenigian (8)
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El Paso Group (2)
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Fillmore Formation (1)
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Floian (4)
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Ibexian (1)
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Manx Group (1)
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Tremadocian
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Halifax Formation (2)
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-
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Meguma Group (2)
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Middle Ordovician
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Ammonoosuc Volcanics (1)
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Dapingian (1)
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Darriwilian (8)
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Llandeilian (3)
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Llanvirnian (5)
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Montoya Group (1)
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Skiddaw Slates (3)
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Upper Ordovician
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Ashgillian (12)
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Caradocian
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Borrowdale Volcanic Group (2)
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Hirnantian (13)
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Juniata Formation (1)
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Katian (3)
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Sandbian (1)
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Wufeng Formation (1)
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Wild Bight Group (2)
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Paganzo Group (1)
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Permian
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Buckley Formation (1)
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Cutler Formation (1)
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Ecca Group (2)
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Guadalupian
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Capitanian (2)
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Delaware Mountain Group (1)
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Roadian (2)
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Wordian (2)
-
-
Kamthi Formation (7)
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Khuff Formation (2)
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Lower Permian
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Al Khlata Formation (3)
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Barakar Stage (13)
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Cisuralian
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Artinskian (5)
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Asselian (8)
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Kungurian (4)
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Sakmarian (10)
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Leonardian (1)
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Wolfcampian (1)
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Middle Permian (6)
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Newcastle Coal Measures (1)
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Rio Bonito Formation (5)
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Unayzah Formation (1)
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Upper Permian
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Kazanian (1)
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Lopingian
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Changhsingian (5)
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Wuchiapingian (1)
-
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Permian-Triassic boundary (12)
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Raniganj Formation (4)
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Tatarian (1)
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Wellington Formation (1)
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Whitehill Formation (1)
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Phuket Group (1)
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Sauk Sequence (2)
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Silurian
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Lower Silurian
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Llandovery
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Aeronian (2)
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Rhuddanian (3)
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Telychian (2)
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Qalibah Formation (2)
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Wenlock
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Homerian (1)
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Sheinwoodian (1)
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-
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Middle Silurian (2)
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Upper Silurian
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Ludlow
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Gorstian (1)
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Ludfordian (1)
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Pridoli (4)
-
-
-
Talchir Formation (10)
-
upper Paleozoic
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Copacabana Group (1)
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Dwyka Formation (4)
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Guandacol Formation (1)
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Shanxi Formation (1)
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Wissahickon Formation (2)
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palynology (2)
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palynomorphs
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acritarchs (21)
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Chitinozoa (9)
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Dinoflagellata (1)
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miospores
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pollen (10)
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paragenesis (5)
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petroleum
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natural gas
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coalbed methane (1)
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shale gas (3)
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petrology (33)
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Phanerozoic (22)
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phase equilibria (4)
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phosphate deposits (2)
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placers
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stream placers (2)
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Plantae
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algae
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Chlorophyta
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Chlorophyceae
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Dasycladaceae (1)
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Coccolithophoraceae (1)
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nannofossils (1)
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Bryophyta (2)
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Pteridophyta
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Filicopsida
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Dicroidium (3)
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Sphenopteris (1)
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Lycopsida (5)
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Equisetales (2)
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Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae
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Dicotyledoneae
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Myrtaceae
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Eucalyptus (1)
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Nothofagus (1)
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Gymnospermae
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Coniferales (2)
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Cycadales
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Ptilophyllum (1)
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Ginkgoales (1)
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Glossopteridales
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Glossopteris flora (1)
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Pteridospermae (4)
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-
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plate tectonics (524)
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pollution (2)
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Precambrian
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Archean
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Aravalli System (1)
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Mesoarchean (3)
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Napier Complex (1)
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Neoarchean
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Dharwar Supergroup (1)
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Paleoarchean (2)
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Peninsular Gneiss (1)
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Bijawar System (1)
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Hadean (1)
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Purcell System (1)
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upper Precambrian
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Mahakoshal Group (2)
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Proterozoic
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Bambui Group (1)
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Damara System (9)
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Huronian (1)
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Mesoproterozoic
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Belt Supergroup (1)
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Helikian (2)
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Stenian (2)
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Neoproterozoic
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Brioverian (1)
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Burra Group (1)
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Cryogenian (8)
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Ediacaran (32)
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Infracambrian (1)
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Maranon Complex (2)
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Moine Supergroup (1)
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Nantuo Formation (1)
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Otavi Group (2)
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Riphean (1)
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Tonian (8)
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Vendian (11)
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Wilpena Group (1)
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-
Paleoproterozoic
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Birimian (1)
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-
Pretoria Group (1)
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Sinian
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Nantuo Formation (1)
-
-
Umberatana Group (1)
-
-
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Ventersdorp Supergroup (1)
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Waterberg System (1)
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-
problematic fossils (7)
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Pterobranchia (2)
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Red Sea region (2)
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reefs (4)
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remote sensing (12)
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sea water (2)
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sea-floor spreading (29)
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sea-level changes (67)
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sedimentary petrology (26)
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sedimentary rocks
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carbonate rocks
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boundstone (1)
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dolostone (1)
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grainstone (1)
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limestone
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calcarenite (1)
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coquina (3)
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microbialite (1)
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packstone (1)
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rudstone (1)
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wackestone (1)
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chemically precipitated rocks
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chert (8)
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flint (1)
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ironstone (3)
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siliceous sinter (1)
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clastic rocks
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arenite
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argillite (1)
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arkose (1)
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black shale (11)
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claystone (1)
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conglomerate (21)
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diamictite (14)
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eolianite (5)
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graywacke (2)
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marl (2)
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mudstone (16)
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orthoquartzite (1)
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red beds (6)
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sandstone (107)
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shale (32)
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tillite (6)
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coal
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bituminous coal (1)
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gas shale (1)
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oil shale (2)
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sedimentary structures
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bedding plane irregularities
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biogenic structures
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soft sediment deformation
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sand (4)
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marine sediments (1)
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peat (2)
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seismology (1)
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shorelines (3)
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slope stability (1)
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soils
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South America
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Amazonian Craton (7)
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Andes
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Argentina
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Brazil
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Chile
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Southern Ocean
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springs (1)
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S-34/S-32 (2)
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United States
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Alabama (7)
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
Gondwana
Tectonic evolution of the Alxa region, NW China: from a Precambrian continental ribbon to a Paleozoic–early Triassic accretionary orogen
The monazite record of (ultra)high-temperature metamorphism in southern Madagascar: Gondwana terrane correlations and structural trapping of hot middle crust
Late Ediacaran juvenile magmatism in the Variscan Monts-du-Lyonnais metamorphic complex (Massif Central, France)
Detecting the late Frasnian semichatovae Event on the deep shelf of north Gondwana
Discerning coastal-process signatures and architectural styles in tidal barforms from the deltaic western Paleozoic Gondwana shoreline: new insights about the Balcarce Formation, Argentina
Detrital zircon tales between the Rodinia and Pangaea supercontinents; exploring connections between Avalonia, Cadomia and Central Asia
At the border of peri-Gondwana and Baltica: the structure of the eastern termination of the Variscan belt
A HISTORY OF 20 TH CENTURY GRAPTOLITE STUDIES IN MALAYSIA: THE ROLE OF CLIVE RODERICK JONES
Metamorphic and chronological records of early Permian continental collision in Beni Bousera granulites (Internal Rif belt): implications for the tectonic evolution of northern Morocco during Pangea construction
Tectonic setting and Pan-African structural evolution of the western Saldania Belt, South Africa
Desertic siliciclastic stromatolites in the Upper Jurassic Guará Formation from southwestern Gondwana: Trapping and binding in a non-marine setting
Abstract The opening of the South Atlantic Ocean in the Early Cretaceous was only the final stage of the complex rifting process of SW Gondwana. In this contribution, we reassess the chronology of Mesozoic basin formation in southern South America and Africa and integrate it in the long-term rifting and break-up history of SW Gondwana. During the Triassic, after the Gondwanides orogeny, plate-scale instabilities produced intracontinental rifting in Africa, and retro-arc extension on the SW-margin of Gondwana. This process was followed and accentuated by the impingement of the Karoo plume in the Early Jurassic, which triggered rifting in East Africa and ultimately produced the break-up of Eastern from Western Gondwana in the Middle Jurassic. Retro-arc extension continued to affect the palaeo-Pacific margin, with emplacement of the Chon Aike magmatic province in the Patagonian retro-arc during the Early–Middle Jurassic. By the Late Jurassic, retro-arc rifting reached a point of oceanic crust accretion, with the establishment of the Rocas Verdes back-arc basin in southern Patagonia, together with the formation of the Weddell Sea further south, between the South American plate and Antarctica. The core of the Late Paleozoic Gondwanides orogen, between southern South America and Africa, was subjected to oblique rifting at this time and produced the Outeniqua and Rawson/Valdés basins. This area was the locus of extension and oceanization in the Early Cretaceous associated with a rotation of the stress field from NE–SW to east–west extension. The formation of the South Atlantic Ocean resulted from lithospheric extension and was accompanied by extensive intrusive magmatism and extrusive flood basalts identified as seaward dipping reflectors, which were emplaced diachronically from south to north, along different segments along both conjugate margins. These volcanic rocks form the South Atlantic Large Igneous Province. The chronology of the South Atlantic opening and the magmatic sources and processes associated with the formation of seaward dipping reflectors remain interpretative as they have only been studied on seismic data but are still undrilled; hence, scientific drilling will be key to unravel many of these unknowns.
The Cambrian collision of the Yangtze Block with Gondwana: Evidence from provenance analyses
Neoproterozoic tectonic shift along the western margin of the Yangtze block, South China craton: Implications for its paleogeographic position during the Rodinia–Gondwana transition
A quantitative study of the microstructure of Indian Gondwana shale: a fractal and algebraic topology approach
Selected Karoo geoheritage sites of palaeontological significance in South Africa and Lesotho
Abstract The main Karoo Basin of South Africa and Lesotho preserves c. 120 myr of Earth's history. The sedimentary rocks of its Karoo Supergroup record massive environmental changes from the glacial Carboniferous to desert dunes and fiery flood basalts in the Early Jurassic. From the early Permian, the Karoo Basin was gradually filled with fluvial and lacustrine deposits, and the alluvial plains were successively colonized by a diverse suite of plants and animals. The fossils of these ancient inhabitants and their behavioural traces form an astounding Gondwanan geoheritage legacy in southern Africa, providing fossil evidence for the moving lithospheric plates and the effects of four mass extinctions and their subsequent biotic recovery. Here, we present six Karoo sites of global geoscientific importance that best display that heritage, with the caveat that these sites only touch upon the Karoo riches that are available for academic research and the emerging palaeotourism industry. It is our hope that these sites will become anchor points for a sustainable geoheritage future in southern Africa.