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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Southern Africa
-
Lesotho (1)
-
South Africa
-
Eastern Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
KwaZulu-Natal South Africa (1)
-
-
-
-
Alpine Fault (1)
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic ice sheet (1)
-
-
Asia
-
Himalayas (4)
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Northeastern India
-
Arunachal Pradesh India (1)
-
-
-
Indo-Gangetic Plain (1)
-
Jammu and Kashmir
-
Ladakh (1)
-
-
Pakistan (1)
-
-
Indus River (1)
-
Karakoram (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Baltic Sea (1)
-
Bay of Fundy (1)
-
Sable Island Bank (1)
-
Scotian Shelf (1)
-
-
-
Australasia
-
New Zealand (1)
-
-
Canada
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Arctic Archipelago (1)
-
Eastern Canada
-
Baffin Island (1)
-
Maritime Provinces
-
New Brunswick
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Gloucester County New Brunswick
-
Bathurst mining district (1)
-
-
Miramichi Bay (1)
-
-
Nova Scotia
-
Cape Breton Island (1)
-
-
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Labrador (1)
-
Newfoundland (6)
-
-
Ontario
-
Cochrane District Ontario
-
Timmins Ontario (2)
-
-
Essex County Ontario (1)
-
Kent County Ontario (1)
-
Oak Ridges Moraine (1)
-
Timiskaming District Ontario (1)
-
-
Quebec
-
Abitibi County Quebec
-
Val d'Or Quebec (1)
-
-
Noranda Quebec (1)
-
Temiscamingue County Quebec
-
Rouyn Quebec (1)
-
-
-
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North Saskatchewan River (1)
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Nunavut
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Baffin Island (1)
-
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Torngat Mountains (1)
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Western Canada
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Alberta
-
Athabasca River (1)
-
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British Columbia
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Vancouver Island (2)
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Manitoba
-
Flin Flon Manitoba (1)
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Snow Lake Manitoba (2)
-
Thompson nickel belt (1)
-
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Northwest Territories (2)
-
Saskatchewan
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Saskatoon Saskatchewan (1)
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Yukon Territory (1)
-
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Cascade Range (2)
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Europe
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Alps
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Baltic region (1)
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Central Europe
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Switzerland
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Swiss Alps
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Southern Swiss Alps (1)
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Valais Switzerland (1)
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Lapland
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Pyrenees
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Southern Europe
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Iberian Peninsula
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Spain
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Catalonia Spain
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Gerona Spain (1)
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Spanish Pyrenees (1)
-
-
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Italy
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Apennines
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Tuscany Italy
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Western Europe
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France
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French Alps (1)
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Savoie France (1)
-
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Rhone Valley (1)
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Scandinavia
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Finland
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Lapland Finland (3)
-
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Norway
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Lyngen Peninsula (1)
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Sweden (2)
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United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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-
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Fairweather Fault (1)
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North America
-
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-
Appalachians
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-
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Canadian Shield
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-
Abitibi Belt (4)
-
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Glacier National Park (1)
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Great Lakes region (5)
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Great Plains
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Michigan Basin (1)
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Rocky Mountains
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Saint Elias Mountains (5)
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Peace River (1)
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South America
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United States
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Michigan
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Michigan Upper Peninsula
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-
-
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Midcontinent (1)
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-
Minnesota
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Cass County Minnesota (1)
-
Douglas County Minnesota (1)
-
Hennepin County Minnesota
-
Minneapolis Minnesota (2)
-
-
Hubbard County Minnesota (1)
-
Minnesota River valley (1)
-
Nicollet County Minnesota (1)
-
Ramsey County Minnesota
-
Saint Paul Minnesota (1)
-
-
Todd County Minnesota (1)
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Wadena County Minnesota (1)
-
-
Mississippi River (1)
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Mississippi Valley (2)
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Montana
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Flathead County Montana (1)
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Ravalli County Montana (1)
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Nevada (1)
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New England (1)
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New Jersey
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Mercer County New Jersey (1)
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Middlesex County New Jersey (1)
-
-
New York
-
Dutchess County New York (1)
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Finger Lakes (1)
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Suffolk County New York (1)
-
-
Oregon
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Deschutes County Oregon
-
Newberry Volcano (1)
-
-
-
Pennsylvania (2)
-
Susquehanna River basin (1)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Bitterroot Range (1)
-
-
Vermont (1)
-
Washington
-
Clallam County Washington (1)
-
Jefferson County Washington (2)
-
King County Washington
-
Seattle Washington (1)
-
-
Kitsap County Washington (1)
-
Mount Rainier National Park (1)
-
Olympic Mountains (1)
-
Olympic Peninsula (2)
-
Pierce County Washington
-
Tacoma Washington (2)
-
-
Puget Lowland (2)
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Whatcom County Washington (1)
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West Virginia (1)
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Wisconsin
-
Forest County Wisconsin (1)
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Racine County Wisconsin (1)
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Walworth County Wisconsin (1)
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Waukesha County Wisconsin (2)
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Wyoming
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Park County Wyoming (1)
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commodities
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placers (2)
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elements, isotopes
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carbon
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C-14 (10)
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isotope ratios (3)
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Al-26 (4)
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Be-10 (7)
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C-14 (10)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
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stable isotopes
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O-18/O-16 (1)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
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S-34/S-32 (1)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
metals
-
alkaline earth metals
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beryllium
-
Be-10 (7)
-
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
aluminum
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Al-26 (4)
-
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gold (3)
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lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
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platinum group
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palladium (1)
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platinum (1)
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platinum ores (1)
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precious metals (1)
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noble gases (1)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (1)
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sulfur
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S-34/S-32 (1)
-
-
-
fossils
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bacteria (1)
-
Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Tetrapoda
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Mammalia
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Theria
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Eutheria
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Proboscidea
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Mastodontoidea (1)
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microfossils (2)
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palynomorphs
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miospores
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pollen (2)
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-
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Plantae
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algae
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diatoms (1)
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geochronology methods
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(U-Th)/He (4)
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Ar/Ar (2)
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exposure age (7)
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fission-track dating (3)
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He/He (1)
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lichenometry (1)
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optically stimulated luminescence (1)
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paleomagnetism (1)
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Th/U (1)
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thermochronology (3)
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tree rings (1)
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U/Pb (2)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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middle Holocene (2)
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Neoglacial
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upper Holocene
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Little Ice Age (1)
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Pleistocene
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Champlain Sea (1)
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upper Pleistocene
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Devensian (1)
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Weichselian
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upper Weichselian
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Younger Dryas (3)
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Wisconsinan
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upper Wisconsinan (10)
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-
-
-
upper Quaternary
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Scandinavian ice sheet (2)
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-
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Miocene
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upper Miocene (1)
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Pliocene (3)
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Paleogene
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Paleocene (1)
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upper Cenozoic (2)
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Yakataga Formation (1)
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Laurentide ice sheet (8)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Paleozoic
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Devonian
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Middle Devonian
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Prairie Evaporite (1)
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Upper Devonian (2)
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Ordovician
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Upper Ordovician
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Maquoketa Formation (1)
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-
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upper Paleozoic
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Antrim Shale (1)
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-
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Precambrian (1)
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igneous rocks
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igneous rocks
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kimberlite (2)
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metamorphic rocks
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phosphates
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silicates
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orthosilicates
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nesosilicates
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garnet group
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zircon group
-
zircon (2)
-
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-
-
sheet silicates
-
mica group
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muscovite (1)
-
-
-
-
sulfides (7)
-
tellurides (1)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (20)
-
Africa
-
Southern Africa
-
Lesotho (1)
-
South Africa
-
Eastern Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
KwaZulu-Natal South Africa (1)
-
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic ice sheet (1)
-
-
Asia
-
Himalayas (4)
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Northeastern India
-
Arunachal Pradesh India (1)
-
-
-
Indo-Gangetic Plain (1)
-
Jammu and Kashmir
-
Ladakh (1)
-
-
Pakistan (1)
-
-
Indus River (1)
-
Karakoram (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Baltic Sea (1)
-
Bay of Fundy (1)
-
Sable Island Bank (1)
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Scotian Shelf (1)
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-
atmosphere (1)
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Australasia
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New Zealand (1)
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bacteria (1)
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Baffin Island (1)
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Maritime Provinces
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New Brunswick
-
Gloucester County New Brunswick
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-
-
Miramichi Bay (1)
-
-
Nova Scotia
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Cape Breton Island (1)
-
-
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Labrador (1)
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Newfoundland (6)
-
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Ontario
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Timmins Ontario (2)
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Essex County Ontario (1)
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Kent County Ontario (1)
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Oak Ridges Moraine (1)
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Timiskaming District Ontario (1)
-
-
Quebec
-
Abitibi County Quebec
-
Val d'Or Quebec (1)
-
-
Noranda Quebec (1)
-
Temiscamingue County Quebec
-
Rouyn Quebec (1)
-
-
-
-
North Saskatchewan River (1)
-
Nunavut
-
Baffin Island (1)
-
-
Torngat Mountains (1)
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta
-
Athabasca River (1)
-
-
British Columbia
-
Vancouver Island (2)
-
-
Manitoba
-
Flin Flon Manitoba (1)
-
Snow Lake Manitoba (2)
-
Thompson nickel belt (1)
-
-
Northwest Territories (2)
-
Saskatchewan
-
Saskatoon Saskatchewan (1)
-
-
Yukon Territory (1)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-14 (10)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Cordilleran ice sheet (1)
-
Holocene
-
lower Holocene (1)
-
middle Holocene (2)
-
Neoglacial
-
Little Ice Age (1)
-
-
upper Holocene
-
Little Ice Age (1)
-
-
-
Pleistocene
-
Champlain Sea (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Devensian (1)
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Younger Dryas (3)
-
-
-
Wisconsinan
-
upper Wisconsinan (10)
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary
-
Scandinavian ice sheet (2)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
upper Miocene (1)
-
-
Pliocene (3)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Paleocene (1)
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (2)
-
Yakataga Formation (1)
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Proboscidea
-
Mastodontoidea (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
clay mineralogy (1)
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climate change (6)
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continental shelf (1)
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crystal chemistry (2)
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data processing (5)
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deformation (6)
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diamond deposits (2)
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earthquakes (2)
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economic geology (4)
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education (1)
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Europe
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Alps
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Southern Swiss Alps (1)
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-
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Baltic region (1)
-
Central Europe
-
Switzerland
-
Swiss Alps
-
Southern Swiss Alps (1)
-
-
Valais Switzerland (1)
-
-
-
Lapland
-
Lapland Finland (3)
-
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Pyrenees
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Spanish Pyrenees (1)
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Southern Europe
-
Iberian Peninsula
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Spain
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Catalonia Spain
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Gerona Spain (1)
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-
Spanish Pyrenees (1)
-
-
-
Italy
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Apennines
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Apuane Alps (1)
-
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Tuscany Italy
-
Apuane Alps (1)
-
-
-
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
French Alps (1)
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Savoie France (1)
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-
Rhone Valley (1)
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Scandinavia
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Finland
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Lapland Finland (3)
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-
Norway
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Northern Norway (1)
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Troms Norway
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Lyngen Peninsula (1)
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-
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Sweden (2)
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United Kingdom
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England
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ground water (15)
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hydrogeology (2)
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hydrology (8)
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igneous rocks
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kimberlite (2)
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plutonic rocks
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diorites
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quartz diorites (1)
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granites (1)
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-
volcanic rocks
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andesites (1)
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dacites (1)
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pyroclastics
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ignimbrite (1)
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rhyolites (1)
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inclusions
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glaciated terrains
Stratigraphy of late Quaternary mountain slope landforms and deposits in southern Africa and their significance for the dynamics of mountain sediment systems
Coarse sediment dynamics in a large glaciated river system: Holocene history and storage dynamics dictate contemporary climate sensitivity
Time will tell: temporal evolution of Martian gullies and palaeoclimatic implications
Abstract To understand Martian palaeoclimatic conditions and the role of volatiles therein, the spatiotemporal evolution of gullies must be deciphered. While the spatial distribution of gullies has been extensively studied, their temporal evolution is poorly understood. We show that gully size is similar in very young and old craters. Gullies on the walls of very young impact craters (less than a few myr) typically cut into bedrock and are free of latitude-dependent mantle (LDM) and glacial deposits, while such deposits become increasingly evident in older craters. These observations suggest that gullies go through obliquity-driven degradation–accumulation cycles over time, controlled by: (1) LDM emplacement and degradation; and (2) glacial emplacement and removal. In glacially-influenced craters, the distribution of gullies on crater walls coincides with the extent of glacial deposits, which suggests that the melting of snow and ice played a role in the formation of these gullies. Yet, present-day activity is observed in some gullies on formerly glaciated crater walls. Moreover, in very young craters, extensive gullies have formed in the absence of LDM and glacial deposits, showing that gully formation can also be unrelated to these deposits. The Martian climate varied substantially over time, and the gully-forming mechanisms are likely to have varied accordingly.
Abstract In contrast with the archetypal definition of an alluvial fan, this study shows that fans interacting with axial rivers in Yukon and Alaska commonly exhibit asymmetrical morphology in planform. Hypothesis tests relating to the geomorphological characteristics of these alluvial fans were conducted on a dataset of 63 fluvial-dominated fans. A significant relationship existed between fan asymmetry and the direction of axial river flow, which was attributed to two factors supported by examples: (1) axial rivers have a propensity to trim the toes on the up-valley sides of fans; and (2) axial river channels are deflected across the broad valley floors, which allows the profiles on the down-valley sides of fans to be longer than on the up-valley sides. However, an asymmetrical planform morphology does not lead to a significant bias in the spatial distribution of surface streams towards the up-valley sides of fans, which typically have shorter profiles from apex to boundary. If the asymmetry in fan morphology is preserved in the sedimentary record, then the interpretation of fan deposits that developed in broad valleys and that interacted with axial rivers would be improved by understanding this modern analogue.
Temporal variations in snow albedo at glaciated upper elevation zone of an Eastern Himalayan river basin
Abstract Snow albedo is an important climate parameter as it governs the amount of solar energy absorbed by the snow and can be considered a major contributor to the surface radiation budget. The present study deals with the estimation of temporal variation of snow albedo at the upper elevation zone of glaciated Mago Basin of Arunachal Pradesh in eastern Himalaya. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Daily Snow Products (MOD10A1 and MYD10A1) at 500 m spatial resolution were used. Both the MODIS data for ten years (2003–13) and the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection (ASTER) digital elevation model (DEM) of the study area were downloaded from NASA DAAC of NSIDC. The percentage area under different snow types (dry snow, wet snow, firn and ice) was determined by masking the upper elevation zone of the DEM into the albedo images. The average monthly slopes show a decreasing trend in area (%) of dry snow and wet snow and an increasing trend for firn and ice. Dry snow and wet snow cover percentages were observed to be decreasing, whereas firn and ice cover showed an increasing trend for most of the months. Firn dominated the type of snow, followed by ice then wet snow; the smallest area (%) was that of dry snow for the study period.
THE ROLE OF GLACIERS AND GLACIER RESEARCH IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF U. S. NATIONAL PARKS
The Blackwater gold-spessartine-pyrolusite glacial dispersal train, British Columbia, Canada: Influence of sampling depth on indicator mineralogy and geochemistry
Introduction to engineering geology and geomorphology of glaciated and periglaciated terrains
Abstract This chapter provides an introduction to the Engineering Group of the Geological Society of London (EGGS) Working Party book on the engineering geology and geomorphology of glaciated and periglaciated terrains. A summary of changes in the extent of glacial and periglacial conditions throughout the Quaternary to the present day is provided initially. The engineering difficulties associated with working in glaciated and periglaciated terrains are demonstrated through the inclusion of seven important case histories. The chapter then discusses the background to the Working Party, the scope and structure of the book, including abstracts of each chapter, before finally guiding the reader on how the book may be used at a site where glacial or periglacial conditions had formerly prevailed. In particular, the importance of updating the ground model at each stage of the project as an approach to risk management is emphasized.
Abstract The mountains of the Mediterranean world are now largely ice free, but many were repeatedly glaciated during the Quaternary ice age. This created spectacular glaciated landscapes with a rich array of glacial deposits and landforms. The glacial and glacio-fluvial records are often very well preserved and our understanding of the timing of Quaternary glaciation has very recently been transformed through the application of dating methods utilizing uranium-series and cosmogenic isotopes. Glacial records from the Mediterranean now boast some of the most robust chronologies for mountain glaciation anywhere in the world – they represent a unique archive of Quaternary environmental change of global significance. The southerly latitude and relatively small size of Mediterranean glaciers rendered them especially sensitive to Pleistocene and Holocene climate changes. This volume brings together the leading researchers and the latest research on Mediterranean glaciation. Several papers also explore glacier behaviour in the Holocene – including those glaciers of southernmost Europe at risk of disappearing this century.
Subglacial water escape structures and shearing; a case study of hidden problems for construction below rockhead in glaciated regions
Visitors to ‘the northern playgrounds’: tourists and exploratory science in north Norway
Abstract This paper outlines some significant visits made to north Norway by geologists and mountaineers from Britain and Ireland from the early to late nineteenth century. These visitors wrote up their travels and climbing experiences in a region in north Norway that was difficult to get to other than by sea: Øksfjordjøkelen and Lyngen. Early travellers revealed the sights of the fjord areas and thereby promoted the region for subsequent travellers. Leopold von Buch’s Travels though Norway and Lapland during the Years 1806, 1807, and 1808 probably prompted J. D. Forbes to visit and produce Norway and Its Glaciers and Archibald Geikie’s Geological Sketches at Home and Abroad as part of the contemporary discussions about the ‘glacial theory’. In the latter years of the nineteenth century the British climbers William Cecil Slingsby and George Hastings, with local climber Josef Caspari, explored the Lyngen Peninsula. Elizabeth Main (Mrs Aubrey Le Blond) also climbed in Lyngen. As well as providing written summaries of their exploits, the early explorers included photographs in their books. Some of these images are helpful in the reconstruction of the glacierized landscapes at the end of the Little Ice Age. It is suggested that present-day travellers might leave their observations available, in digital media, for future investigators.
Till geochemical signatures of volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits: an overview of Canadian examples
Processing of glacial sediments for the recovery of indicator minerals: protocols used at the Geological Survey of Canada
Rare earth element and gold exploration in glaciated terrain: example from the Mäkärä area, northern Finland
A theory of glacial quarrying for landscape evolution models
Single-grain 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages of detrital muscovite from loess on Long Island, New York
Single-step, laser-fusion 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages of single muscovite grains with an automated micro-extraction system is a precise and relatively rapid way of analyzing large numbers of grains. This study used >500 muscovite grains from a late Wisconsinan sandy loess from eastern Long Island, New York, in order to evaluate the potential of Ar-Ar ages of single grain muscovite as a provenance tool for loess. The samples for dating were from a 2.7 m core of sediments from a small kettle hole in Wildwood State Park on the north shore of Long Island. These eolian deposits consist of a bimodal distribution of poorly sorted medium silt and medium sand that are buff colored, homogeneous, and unstratified. Long Island is a good place to test this approach, because the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar and K/Ar ages for muscovite in the potential bedrock sources to the north in New England vary systematically from ca. 450 Ma in the west to ca. 200 Ma in the east. The majority of muscovite ages in the loess range from 250 to 400 Ma, and muscovite age populations along the core show a change in proportion of muscovite input from the different provenances in New England. The results of this study confirm that using 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages of a large number of single muscovite grains is a good method for examining the provenance of muscovite in loess, and thus understanding processes that produce loess.