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Section
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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East Africa
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Ethiopia (1)
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North Africa
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Libya
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Murzuk Basin (1)
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Southern Africa
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Karoo Basin (2)
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South Africa
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Cape Province region (1)
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-
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West Africa
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Sierra Leone (2)
-
-
-
Antarctica
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Antarctic ice sheet
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East Antarctic ice sheet (1)
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Antarctic Peninsula (2)
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East Antarctica (1)
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Transantarctic Mountains
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Beardmore Glacier (1)
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Victoria Land
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McMurdo dry valleys
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Wright Valley (1)
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Arctic Ocean
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Alpha Cordillera (1)
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Barents Sea (1)
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Arctic region
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Greenland
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Svalbard
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Asia
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Kuznetsk Alatau (1)
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Far East
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China
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Indian Peninsula
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India
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Bihar India (1)
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Orissa India
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Talchir (1)
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Sayan (1)
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Siberia (1)
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Tien Shan (1)
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West Siberia
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Yenisei Basin (1)
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Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
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Rockall Trough (1)
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Australasia
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Australia
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New Zealand
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Sable Island (1)
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Newfoundland and Labrador
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Ontario
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Kenora District Ontario
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Keewatin Ontario (1)
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Thunder Bay District Ontario
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Lake Nipigon (2)
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Quebec
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Eastern Townships (1)
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Gaspe Peninsula (2)
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Matane County Quebec (1)
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Saint Lawrence Estuary (1)
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Hudson Bay (2)
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Nunavut
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Baffin Island (3)
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Ellesmere Island (1)
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Sverdrup Islands
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Queen Elizabeth Islands
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Ellesmere Island (1)
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Ungava (2)
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Western Canada
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Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
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Manitoba
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Northwest Territories
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Pine Point mining district (1)
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Saskatchewan (1)
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Russian Federation
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Kuznetsk Alatau (1)
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West Siberia
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Cook Inlet (1)
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Europe
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Central Europe
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Austria (1)
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Germany
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Fennoscandia (1)
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Western Europe
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Ireland
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Scandinavia
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Finland
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Norway
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United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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England
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Wiltshire England
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Stonehenge (1)
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Scotland
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Hebrides
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Perthshire Scotland
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Wales
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South Wales (1)
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Glacier Bay (2)
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Hudson Bay Basin (1)
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North America
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Appalachians (1)
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Canadian Shield
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Churchill Province
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Superior Province
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Great Lakes
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Great Lakes region (6)
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commodities
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tin ores (1)
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mineral deposits, genesis (5)
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mineral exploration (13)
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placers (2)
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elements, isotopes
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carbon
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C-14 (4)
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halogens
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chlorine
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Cl-36 (1)
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hydrogen
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D/H (1)
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isotope ratios (3)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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Al-26 (1)
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Be-10 (1)
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C-14 (4)
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Cl-36 (1)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
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stable isotopes
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D/H (1)
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O-18 (1)
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O-18/O-16 (1)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
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S-34/S-32 (1)
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large-ion lithophile elements (1)
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metals
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alkali metals
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cesium (1)
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alkaline earth metals
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beryllium
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Be-10 (1)
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aluminum
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Al-26 (1)
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gold (1)
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iron (1)
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lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
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platinum group
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ruthenium (1)
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rare earths (1)
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titanium (1)
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oxygen
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O-18 (1)
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O-18/O-16 (1)
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-
sulfur
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S-34/S-32 (1)
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-
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fossils
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Tetrapoda
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Amniota (1)
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Reptilia
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Diapsida
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Sauropterygia
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Plesiosauria (1)
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-
-
-
-
-
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Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Mandibulata
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Crustacea
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Ostracoda (2)
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Brachiopoda (3)
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Bryozoa (1)
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Cnidaria
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Anthozoa (1)
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Mollusca (1)
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Protista
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Foraminifera (4)
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Radiolaria (3)
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Silicoflagellata (1)
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Vermes
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Polychaeta
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microfossils (4)
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palynomorphs (1)
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Plantae
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algae
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diatoms (1)
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nannofossils (1)
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Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae
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Dicotyledoneae
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Dryas (1)
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thallophytes (1)
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trails (1)
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geochronology methods
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exposure age (1)
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optically stimulated luminescence (1)
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paleomagnetism (3)
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U/Pb (1)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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Neoglacial
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Little Ice Age (1)
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upper Holocene
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Little Ice Age (1)
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Innuitian ice sheet (1)
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Pleistocene
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Kansan (1)
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lower Pleistocene (1)
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middle Pleistocene (1)
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upper Pleistocene
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Wisconsinan
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Lavery Till (1)
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lower Wisconsinan (1)
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upper Wisconsinan
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Fraser Glaciation (1)
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Woodfordian (1)
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-
-
-
upper Quaternary (3)
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-
Tertiary
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Neogene
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Pliocene
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lower Pliocene (1)
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-
-
Paleogene
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Oligocene
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upper Oligocene (1)
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-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (2)
-
-
Laurentide ice sheet (12)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Upper Cretaceous
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Turonian
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middle Turonian (1)
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-
-
-
Jurassic
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Lower Jurassic
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Laberge Group (1)
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Toarcian (1)
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-
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MIS 2 (1)
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Paleozoic
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Carboniferous
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Middle Carboniferous (3)
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Mississippian (1)
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Leinster Granite (1)
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middle Paleozoic (1)
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Ordovician
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Upper Ordovician (2)
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Permian
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Silurian (1)
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upper Paleozoic
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Dwyka Formation (1)
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Phanerozoic (1)
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Precambrian
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Eocambrian (1)
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Kisseynew Complex (1)
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Lewisian Complex (1)
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Huronian
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Gowganda Formation (1)
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Mesoproterozoic
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Stenian (1)
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Neoproterozoic
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Tonian (1)
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Paleoproterozoic (2)
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igneous rocks
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igneous rocks
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plutonic rocks
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diabase (5)
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granites (2)
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ultramafics (1)
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volcanic rocks
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rhyolites (1)
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metamorphic rocks
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metamorphic rocks
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gneisses (1)
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metasedimentary rocks (1)
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rutile (1)
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platinum minerals (1)
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silicates
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orthopyroxene (1)
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framework silicates
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feldspar group (1)
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silica minerals
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quartz (9)
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orthosilicates
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nesosilicates
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garnet group (7)
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olivine group
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olivine (1)
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titanite group
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titanite (1)
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zircon group
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zircon (2)
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-
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sheet silicates
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chlorite group
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chlorite (1)
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clay minerals
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kaolinite (1)
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mica group
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glauconite (1)
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sulfides
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galena (1)
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laurite (1)
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sphalerite (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
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absolute age (5)
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Ethiopia (1)
-
-
North Africa
-
Libya
-
Murzuk Basin (1)
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Karoo Basin (2)
-
South Africa
-
Cape Province region (1)
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Sierra Leone (2)
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic ice sheet
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East Antarctic ice sheet (1)
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-
Antarctic Peninsula (2)
-
East Antarctica (1)
-
Transantarctic Mountains
-
Beardmore Glacier (1)
-
-
Victoria Land
-
McMurdo dry valleys
-
Wright Valley (1)
-
-
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Alpha Cordillera (1)
-
Barents Sea (1)
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
Greenland ice sheet (1)
-
West Greenland (1)
-
-
Svalbard
-
Spitsbergen
-
Spitsbergen Island (1)
-
-
-
-
Asia
-
Altai Mountains
-
Kuznetsk Alatau (1)
-
-
Far East
-
China
-
Xinjiang China (1)
-
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Bihar India (1)
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Orissa India
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Talchir (1)
-
-
-
-
Sayan (1)
-
Siberia (1)
-
Tien Shan (1)
-
West Siberia
-
Kuznetsk Alatau (1)
-
-
Yenisei Basin (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
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Frobisher Bay (1)
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Hudson Bay (2)
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Hudson Strait (2)
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Northwest Atlantic (1)
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Rockall Trough (1)
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-
-
Australasia
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Australia
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New South Wales Australia (1)
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New Zealand
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Ruapehu (1)
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biogeography (2)
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Canada
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Arctic Archipelago (4)
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Eastern Canada
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Baffin Island (3)
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Maritime Provinces
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New Brunswick (2)
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Nova Scotia
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Cape Breton Island
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Cape Breton County Nova Scotia (1)
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Sable Island (1)
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-
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Newfoundland and Labrador
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Labrador (1)
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Newfoundland (2)
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Ontario
-
Kenora District Ontario
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Keewatin Ontario (1)
-
-
Ottawa Ontario (1)
-
Thunder Bay District Ontario
-
Lake Nipigon (2)
-
-
-
Quebec
-
Anticosti Island (1)
-
Eastern Townships (1)
-
Gaspe Peninsula (2)
-
Matane County Quebec (1)
-
Saint Lawrence Estuary (1)
-
-
-
Hudson Bay (2)
-
Hudson Bay Lowlands (1)
-
Nunavut
-
Baffin Island (3)
-
Ellesmere Island (1)
-
Sverdrup Islands
-
Amund Ringnes Island (1)
-
Meighen Island (1)
-
-
-
Queen Elizabeth Islands
-
Ellesmere Island (1)
-
Sverdrup Islands
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Amund Ringnes Island (1)
-
Meighen Island (1)
-
-
-
Ungava (2)
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta (1)
-
British Columbia
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Atlin British Columbia (1)
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Vancouver Island (1)
-
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
-
Manitoba
-
Lynn Lake Manitoba (1)
-
Thompson nickel belt (1)
-
-
Northwest Territories
-
Pine Point mining district (1)
-
-
Saskatchewan (1)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-14 (4)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
Neoglacial
-
Little Ice Age (1)
-
-
upper Holocene
-
Little Ice Age (1)
-
-
-
Innuitian ice sheet (1)
-
Pleistocene
-
Kansan (1)
-
lower Pleistocene (1)
-
middle Pleistocene (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Wisconsinan
-
Lavery Till (1)
-
lower Wisconsinan (1)
-
upper Wisconsinan
-
Fraser Glaciation (1)
-
-
Woodfordian (1)
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary (3)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Pliocene
-
lower Pliocene (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Oligocene
-
upper Oligocene (1)
-
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (2)
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Amniota (1)
-
Reptilia
-
Diapsida
-
Sauropterygia
-
Plesiosauria (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
clay mineralogy (1)
-
climate change (1)
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continental shelf (4)
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crystal chemistry (1)
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data processing (1)
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deformation (5)
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diamond deposits (1)
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economic geology (2)
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electron microscopy (1)
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Europe
-
Alps
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Eastern Alps
-
Zillertal Alps (1)
-
-
-
Baltic region (1)
-
Central Europe
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Austria (1)
-
Germany
-
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Germany (1)
-
Schleswig-Holstein Germany (1)
-
-
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Fennoscandia (1)
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Lapland
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Lapland Finland (1)
-
-
Western Europe
-
Iceland
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Vatnajokull (1)
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-
Ireland
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Wexford Ireland (1)
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Wicklow Ireland (1)
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-
Scandinavia
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Denmark (1)
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Finland
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Lapland Finland (1)
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-
Norway
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Southern Norway (1)
-
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
Wiltshire England
-
Stonehenge (1)
-
-
-
Scotland
-
Hebrides
-
Outer Hebrides (1)
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
glacial transport
Glacial dispersal of indicator minerals from the Brazil Lake lithium–caesium–tantalum pegmatites, SW Nova Scotia, Canada Open Access
Provenance of middle to late Pleistocene tills in Illinois, U.S.A.: evidence for long-distance (∼ 2000 km) ice transport during two successive glaciations Available to Purchase
Multiple mechanisms of minor moraine formation in the Schwarzensteinkees foreland, Austria Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT This paper presents a detailed sedimentologic data set of minor moraines (heights ≤2.0 m, widths ≤14 m, lengths ≤108 m) that formed beginning near the end of the Little Ice Age by Schwarzensteinkees, a valley glacier in Austria. Sorted sediment and stratified diamict dominate five exposures, and compact massive diamict exists in one exposure. This sediment is interpreted as proglacial outwash and subglacial till. Most moraine sediment shows deformation structures (e.g., smaller and larger folds), and some units contain evidence of water escape. Other units maintain their original subhorizontality. All moraines contain unequivocal evidence of having formed through deformation by pushing during ice-margin fluctuations. Minor moraines formed more specifically by three identified processes: (1) pushing of outwash sediment; (2) stacking and pushing of outwash sediment; and (3) pushing of outwash sediment and freezing-on of subglacial till. Our data suggest that the sedimentologic composition of the valley fill influences the style of push-moraine formation. In this case, the friable nature of outwash sediments can increase the efficiency of the pushing ice front and the likelihood of sediment collapse down the proximal ice-contact slope after ice retreat. This study contributes to our understanding of sediment transport and deposition in high-mountain environments.
Deglacial Kankakee Torrent, source to sink Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT The last-glacial megaflood Kankakee Torrent streamlined hills and the remarkably straight backslope of the Kalamazoo moraine (Lake Michigan lobe of the Laurentide ice sheet) in southwestern Michigan. Flooding ensued as proglacial Lake Dowagiac overflowed across remnants of the Lake Michigan lobe at the position of the inner margin of the Kalamazoo moraine as glacial debris and ablating ice were pinned against Portage Prairie. Proglacial Lake Dowagiac developed in the Dowagiac River valley as the lobe retreated to form the Valparaiso moraine. A minimum age of the Kankakee Torrent (18.7 ± 0.6 k.y. B.P) is indicated by the weighted mean value of six optically stimulated luminescence ages determined from quartz sand in glaciofluvial sediment on the Kalamazoo moraine (Lake Michigan and Saginaw lobes). This value is consistent with tighter age control based on radiocarbon ages of tundra plants within silty sediment forming ice-walled lake plains and in a torrent-scoured lake basin (Oswego channel) in Illinois. Crosscutting relationships of well-dated moraines indicate the Kankakee Torrent occurred sometime between 19.7 and 18.9 calibrated (cal.) k.y. B.P. as it skirted the south margin of the Valparaiso Morainic System.
Mass transport deposits in the Donegal Barra Fan and their association with British–Irish Ice Sheet dynamics Available to Purchase
Abstract This study analyses seismic data to investigate the kinematic indicators within the mass transport deposits (MTDs) of the Donegal Barra Fan complex in the Rockall Trough, along the NW European continental margin. Five episodes of mega-scale MTDs (DBF-01, -02, -03, -04 and -05) are identified. DBF-01 is the largest MTD in the NW British continental margin, comprising 1907 km 3 of sediments. Fold-and-thrusts were identified within the MTDs where they attain maximum thickness of c. 300–380 ms TWT, but not at the toe region. This indicates that local erosion and deceleration caused bulking up of the MTD volume, but the MTD was not fully arrested due to the high mobility of the mass flow. MTD thickness distribution and thrust fault orientations indicate source areas and flow direction of MTD. The MTDs show a compensational stacking pattern with earlier deposits influencing the position and flow direction of succeeding slides, suggesting that glaciogenic debris flows are sensitive to topographic variability. We propose that increased sediment input associated with at least five expansions of the British–Irish Ice Sheet to the shelf edge led to the development of these MTDs and that the youngest of them, DBF-05, corresponds to the Last Glacial Maximum.
Glaciovolcanic emplacement of an intermediate hydroclastic breccia-lobe complex during the penultimate glacial period (190–130 ka), Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand Available to Purchase
Provenance of Ordovician–Silurian and Carboniferous–Permian glaciogenic successions in Ethiopia revealed by detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology Available to Purchase
Integration of Detrital Gold Microchemistry, Heavy Mineral Distribution, and Sediment Geochemistry to Clarify Regional Metallogeny in Glaciated Terrains: Application in the Caledonides of Southeast Ireland Available to Purchase
Co-occurrence patterns of ice-rafted dropstones and brachiopods in the Middle Permian Wandrawandian Siltstone of the southern Sydney Basin (southeastern Australia) and palaeoecological implications Available to Purchase
Are Some Tillites Impact-Related Debris-Flow Deposits? Available to Purchase
Proportion of Glacially To Fluvially Induced Quartz Grain Microtextures Along the Chitina River, SE Alaska, U.S.A. Available to Purchase
Till Geochemistry in West-Central Manitoba: Interpretation of Provenance and Mineralization Based on Glacial History and Multivariate Data Analysis Available to Purchase
Plesiosaurian fossils from Baltic glacial erratics: evidence of Early Jurassic marine amniotes from the southwestern margin of Fennoscandia Available to Purchase
Abstract Early Jurassic plesiosaurian fossils are rare in the Scandinavian region, with a few isolated bones and teeth known from Bornholm, and anecdotal finds from East Greenland. The only other identifiable specimens derive from Toarcian-aged (based on ammonites) erratics deposited during Late Pleistocene glacial advances near the town of Ahrensburg, NE of Hamburg in northern Germany. The geographical source of these transported clasts is debated, but reconstructed ice-flow directions and lithofacies comparisons implicate either the offshore Baltic Sea between the Island of Bornholm and Mecklenburg–Vorpommern (Germany) or, less probably, south of the Danish Archipelago (Mecklenburg Bay). These regions collectively bordered the Fennoscandian landmass and adjacent Ringkøbing-Fyn Island in the late Early Jurassic, and were dominated by near-shore marine deltaic to basinal settings. The Ahrensburg plesiosaurian remains include postcranial elements reminiscent of both the microcleidid Seeleyosaurus and the rhomaelosaurid Meyerasaurus . These occur alongside other classic ‘Germanic province’ marine amniotes, such as the teleosaurid crocodyliform Steneosaurus and ichthyosaurian Stenopterygius cf. quadriscissus : thus, advocating faunal continuity between Scandinavia and southern Germany during the Toarcian, and a less pronounced marine reptile faunal provinciality than previously assumed.