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GeoRef Subject
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glacial rebound
Evidence for a more extensive Greenland Ice Sheet in southwestern Greenland during the Last Glacial Maximum
The influence of glacial isostatic adjustment on continental shelf stratigraphic correlation
Narrow is normal: Exploring the extent and significance of flooded marine shelves in icehouse, transitional, and greenhouse climate settings
Lateral variation in slab window viscosity inferred from global navigation satellite system (GNSS)–observed uplift due to recent mass loss at Patagonia ice fields
How Climate, Uplift and Erosion Shaped the Alpine Topography
Postglacial Uplift: Record in the Gravity Field and in Neogene–Quaternary Structures
Late Quaternary sea-level history of Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, USA: A test of tectonic uplift and glacial isostatic adjustment models
Glacial isostatic adjustment in central Cascadia: Insights from three-dimensional Earth modeling
Glacial isostatic adjustment deflects the path of the ancestral Hudson River
Role of karst denudation on the accurate assessment of glacio-eustasy and tectonic uplift on carbonate coasts
Abstract Quaternary glacio-eustasy has traditionally been determined in part by the examination of fossil coral reefs on carbonate islands and coasts uplifted by tectonics. These studies do not properly account for dissolutional denudation, which is cumulative, making higher and therefore older terraces exist at elevations far below their assumed depositional elevation. Karst pedestals (karrentische) on Guam reveal the extent of the denudation ( c. 50 mm ka −1 ) and demonstrate that theoretical denudation models can be accurately applied to eogenetic carbonates in tropical settings. Aeolian calcarenite islands such as the Bahamas have been used as tectonically stable sea-level calibrations for other islands, which may not be correct. Flank margin caves, forming in the distal margin of the freshwater lens within a carbonate island, are excellent sea-level indicators. Analysis of flank margin cave elevations indicates that the Bahamas have had past sea-level highstands >6 m, perhaps up to 15 m or more, for which no fossil coral data exist. Denudational removal of these older corals has biased the record to younger events and only flank margin caves remain as viable terrestrial signatures of these older sea-level highstands.
Evidence of tectonism based on differential uplift of the Falmouth Formation of Jamaica
Marine terraces and rates of vertical tectonic motion: The importance of glacio-isostatic adjustment along the Pacific coast of central North America
Intraplate seismicity in northern Central Europe is induced by the last glaciation
Glacio-isostatic control on hypoxia in a high-latitude shelf basin
Distributed normal faults in the Niobrara Chalk and Pierre Shale of the central Great Plains of the United States
The contemporary elevation of the peak Nipissing phase at outlets of the upper Great Lakes
The Nipissing phase of ancestral Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Superior was the last pre-modern highstand of the upper Great Lakes. Reconstructions of past lake-level change and glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), as well as activation and abandonment of outlets, is dependent on an understanding of the elevation of the lake at each outlet. More than 100 years of study has established the gross elevation of the Nipissing phase at each outlet, but the mixing of geomorphic and sedimentologic data has produced interpreted outlet elevations varying by at least several meters. Vibracore facies, optically stimulated luminescence and radiocarbon age control, and ground-penetrating radar transects from new and published studies were collected to determine peak Nipissing water-level elevations for the Port Huron (Lake Huron), Chicago (Lake Michigan), and Sault (Lake Superior) outlets. Contemporary elevations are 183.3, 182.1, and 195.7 m (International Great Lakes Datum of 1985 [IGLD85]), respectively. These data and published relative hydrographs were combined to produce one residual hydrograph for the Port Huron outlet that best defines the rise, peak, and rapid fall of the Nipissing phase from 6000–3500 calendar years ago. Establishing accurate elevations at the only present-day unregulated outlet of the Great Lakes and the only ancient outlet that has played a critical role in draining the upper Great Lakes since the middle Holocene is a critical step to better understand GIA and water-level change geologically and historically. The geologic context may provide the insight required for water managers to make informed decisions to best manage the largest freshwater system in the world.