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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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gasification
Applicative Coal Petrology for Industries: New Paradigms
The Effectiveness of Reactive Materials for Contaminant Removal in the Process of Coal Conversion
Practical application of liquid-CO 2 /slick-water hybrid fracturing technology in the lacustrine shale gas reservoir in Ordos Basin, China
Abstract Coal has hitherto been seen as a potential fall-back resource as hydrocarbons become depleted. However, amidst anxieties over peak oil and gas, some recent studies have painted a picture almost as gloomy about the longer term prospects for coal. Such evaluations are misleading, as they identify as reserves only that coal accessible at reasonable cost by means of conventional mining, which are increasingly modest compared with deeper-seated coal reserves amenable to underground coal gasification (UCG) using directionally drilled boreholes from the surface. Significantly for the petroleum industry, the technological requirements for UCG are far more akin to those of oil and gas production than they are to those of deep mining. A number of projects around the world are revealing the feasibility of UCG. We highlight preliminary findings from a recent investigation of the potential for UCG in NE England, which has the longest history of conventional coal mining at industrial scale anywhere in the world. Despite this history, fully 75% of the coal resources in NE England remain in place. A significant proportion of these is likely to move to the ‘reserves’ register as underground gasification technology begins to be deployed. A particular attraction of UCG lies in its suitability for coupling to CCS: we can use our long-standing knowledge of the response of incumbent strata to longwall coal mining to predict substantial increases in permeability in and immediately above the voids created by gasification. As these engineered zones of high permeability will already be connected to surface power plants by the wells and pipelines used to produce synthesis gas during gasification, they represent ideal prospects for permanent sequestration of a large proportion of the carbon dioxide arising. Stored CO 2 will be kept in place by cap rocks higher up in the sequence.