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GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Central Africa
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Congo Democratic Republic (1)
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East Africa
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Kenya
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Kenya Rift valley (1)
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Zambia (1)
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Southern Africa
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Namibia
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Tsumeb Namibia (4)
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South Africa
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Zimbabwe
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Great Dyke (1)
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Asia
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Central Asia
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Kazakhstan
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Far East
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China
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Xinjiang China
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Tyumen Russian Federation
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Kazakhstan
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Russian Federation
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Tyumen Russian Federation
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West Siberia (1)
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Europe
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Erzgebirge
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Germany
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Plantae
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algae
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geochronology methods
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Tertiary
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Paleogene
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Eocene (1)
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Shahejie Formation (1)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Lower Cretaceous
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Nenjiang Formation (1)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Jurassic
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Bazhenov Formation (1)
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Upper Jurassic
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Volgian (1)
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Paleozoic
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Carboniferous
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Pennsylvanian
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Kittanning Formation (1)
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Middle Pennsylvanian
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Allegheny Group (1)
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Upper Pennsylvanian
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Missourian (1)
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Devonian
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Middle Devonian
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Hamilton Group (1)
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lower Paleozoic (1)
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Permian (1)
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Precambrian
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Stillwater Complex (1)
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Paleoproterozoic
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Aphebian (1)
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igneous rocks
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volcanic rocks
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glasses
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komatiite (3)
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metamorphic rocks
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greisen (1)
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meteorites
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meteorites
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octahedrite
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stony meteorites
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minerals
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perovskite (1)
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tantalates
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titanomagnetite (1)
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phosphates
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platinum minerals (1)
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silicates
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chain silicates
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glaucophane (1)
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pargasite (2)
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pyroxene group
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clinopyroxene
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hedenbergite (1)
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orthopyroxene (1)
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framework silicates
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feldspar group
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alkali feldspar
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K-feldspar (1)
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microcline (1)
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sanidine (1)
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plagioclase
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albite (3)
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silica minerals
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quartz (3)
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zeolite group
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pollucite (2)
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orthosilicates
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nesosilicates
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garnet group
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almandine (1)
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mullite (2)
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olivine group
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fayalite (1)
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olivine (3)
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phenakite group
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willemite (2)
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titanite group
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titanite (1)
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topaz (1)
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zircon group
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zircon (2)
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sorosilicates
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chevkinite group
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chevkinite (1)
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hemimorphite (1)
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melilite group (1)
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ring silicates
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cordierite (1)
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tourmaline group (2)
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sheet silicates
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clay minerals
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beidellite (2)
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montmorillonite (1)
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smectite (1)
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mica group
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lepidolite (1)
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muscovite (2)
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sulfates
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jarosite (2)
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sulfides
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pyrite (2)
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sphalerite (14)
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sulfosalts
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sulfarsenites
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tennantite (1)
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Primary terms
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absolute age (1)
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Africa
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Central Africa
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Congo Democratic Republic (1)
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East Africa
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Kenya
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Kenya Rift valley (1)
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Zambia (1)
-
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Southern Africa
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Namibia
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Tsumeb Namibia (4)
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South Africa
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Bushveld Complex (1)
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Zimbabwe
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Great Dyke (1)
-
-
-
-
Asia
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Central Asia
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Kazakhstan
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Chu-Sarysu Depression (1)
-
-
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Far East
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China
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Bohaiwan Basin (1)
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Henan China (1)
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Songliao Basin (1)
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Xinjiang China
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Tarim Basin (1)
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-
-
-
Indian Peninsula
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India
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Orissa India
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Keonjhar India (1)
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Ob River (1)
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Tyumen Russian Federation
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Khanty-Mansi Russian Federation (1)
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West Siberia (1)
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Australasia
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Australia
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Queensland Australia (2)
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Tasmania Australia (1)
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Victoria Australia (1)
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bauxite deposits (1)
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bibliography (1)
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boron
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B-11/B-10 (1)
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Canada
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Arctic Archipelago (1)
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Western Canada
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Northwest Territories
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Yellowknife Northwest Territories (1)
-
-
-
-
Cenozoic
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Tertiary
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Paleogene
-
Eocene (1)
-
-
Shahejie Formation (1)
-
-
-
ceramic materials (1)
-
chemical analysis (2)
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Chordata
-
Vertebrata (1)
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clay mineralogy (3)
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construction materials
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cement materials (2)
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crust (1)
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Europe
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Czech Republic
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Erzgebirge
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Germany
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Harz Mountains
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Lower Saxony Germany
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Rammelsberg (1)
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North Rhine-Westphalia Germany
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Bergisches Land (1)
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Poland (1)
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Pyrenees (1)
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Rhenish Schiefergebirge (1)
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Western Europe
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Andorra (1)
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Belgium (1)
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France
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Central Massif
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gems (1)
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geochemistry (16)
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hydrogen (1)
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igneous rocks
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kimberlite (1)
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picrite (2)
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plutonic rocks
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granites
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A-type granites (1)
-
-
lamproite (1)
-
pegmatite (2)
-
syenites (1)
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites
-
spinel peridotite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite (1)
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
basalts
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (1)
-
-
glasses
-
volcanic glass (1)
-
-
komatiite (3)
-
rhyolites (1)
-
-
-
inclusions
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fluid inclusions (1)
-
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intrusions (5)
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Invertebrata
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Protista
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Foraminifera (1)
-
-
-
isotopes
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stable isotopes
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B-11/B-10 (1)
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O-18/O-16 (1)
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S-34 (1)
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S-36 (1)
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Si-29 (1)
-
-
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magmas (4)
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mantle (4)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Berriasian (1)
-
-
Nenjiang Formation (1)
-
Qingshankou Formation (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Campanian (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Bazhenov Formation (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
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Volgian (1)
-
-
-
-
metal ores
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aluminum ores (1)
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base metals (1)
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copper ores (2)
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gold ores (1)
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iridium ores (1)
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lead ores (2)
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lead-zinc deposits (3)
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osmium ores (1)
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platinum ores (1)
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polymetallic ores (1)
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zinc ores (4)
-
-
metals
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actinides
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thorium (1)
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uranium (1)
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alkali metals
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cesium (1)
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lithium (5)
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potassium (1)
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rubidium (6)
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alkaline earth metals
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strontium (1)
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aluminum (13)
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antimony (1)
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arsenic (2)
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cadmium (4)
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chromium (3)
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cobalt (4)
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copper (7)
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gallium (72)
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gold (1)
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hafnium (2)
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lead (4)
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molybdenum (2)
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platinum group
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iridium ores (1)
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platinum ores (1)
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precious metals (1)
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rare earths
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silver (1)
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thallium (3)
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tin (2)
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titanium (5)
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vanadium (5)
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zinc (7)
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zirconium (2)
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metamorphic rocks
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metasomatic rocks
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greisen (1)
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metamorphism (1)
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metasomatism (3)
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meteorites
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iron meteorites
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octahedrite
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Canyon Diablo Meteorite (1)
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stony meteorites
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chondrites
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carbonaceous chondrites
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CI chondrites (1)
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ordinary chondrites (1)
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mineral deposits, genesis (10)
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mineral exploration (4)
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mineralogy (5)
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minerals (6)
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Moon (1)
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noble gases (1)
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nonmetal deposits (1)
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North America
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Canadian Shield
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Slave Province (1)
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Superior Province
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Abitibi Belt (1)
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Western Interior
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Western Interior Seaway (1)
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ocean floors (1)
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orogeny (1)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (1)
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Pacific Ocean
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North Pacific
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Northwest Pacific
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Japan Sea (1)
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West Pacific
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Northwest Pacific
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Japan Sea (1)
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paleoclimatology (1)
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
gallium
Plastic deformation and trace element mobility in sphalerite
Platinum-Group Element and Trace Element Contents of Chromite Grains from the Alexo Komatiite Flows Compared with Chromites from Other Volcanic Rocks: Implications for the Use of Chromite Compositions in Petrogenesis
Compound criticality of bauxite production: implications for sustainability and trade neo-colonialism
Endogenous Lunar Volatiles
Synthesis of boehmite-type GaOOH: A new polymorph of Ga oxyhydroxide and geochemical implications
Processes of Enrichment of Trace Metals for High-Tech Applications in Hydrothermal Veins of the Ruhr Basin and the Rhenish Massif, Germany
A comparison of trace element concentrations in chromite from komatiites, picrites, and layered intrusions: implications for the formation of massive chromite layers
Boron proxies record paleosalinity variation in the North American Midcontinent Sea in response to Carboniferous glacio-eustasy
Mineralogy of Ga- and Ge-bearing metallurgical slags from Tsumeb, Namibia
Distribution of trace elements in willemite from the Belgium non-sulphide deposits
How marine incursion influences the quality of lacustrine source rocks: The Paleogene Nanxiang Basin, eastern China
New high-pressure phases in MOOH (M = Al, Ga, In)
Critical elements in non-sulfide Zn deposits: a reanalysis of the Kabwe Zn-Pb ores (central Zambia)
Trace-element compositions of sapphire and ruby from the eastern Australian gemstone belt
Derivation of A1-type granites by partial melting of newly underplated rocks related with the Tarim mantle plume
Hyperspectral cathodoluminescence study of indium-bearing sphalerite from the Mt Carlton high-sulphidation epithermal deposit, Queensland, Australia
Trace Element Distribution (cu, Ga, Ge, Cd, and Fe) in Sphalerite from the Tennessee Mvt Deposits, Usa, By Combined Empa, La-icp-ms, Raman Spectroscopy, and Crystallography
Synthesis and crystal structure of Ga-rich, Fe-bearing tourmaline
Crystal chemistry of “Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 ” garnet doped with Al, Ga, and Fe: a short review on local structures as revealed by NMR and Mößbauer spectroscopy studies
Abstract Some sediment-hosted base metal deposits, specifically, the clastic-dominated Zn-Pb deposits, carbonatehosted Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposits, sedimentary rock-hosted stratiform copper deposits, and carbonate-hosted polymetallic (“Kipushi-type”) deposits, are or have been important sources of critical elements including Co, Ga, Ge, PGEs, and Re. Cobalt is noted in only a few clastic-dominated and MVT deposits, whereas sedimentary rock-hosted stratiform copper deposits are major producers. Gallium occurs in sphalerite from clastic-dominated and MVT deposits. Little is reported of germanium in clastic-dominated deposits; it is more commonly noted in MVT deposits (up to 4,900 ppm within sphalerite) and has been produced from carbonate-hosted polymetallic deposits (Kipushi, Tsumeb). Indium is known to be elevated in sphalerite and zinc concentrates from some MVT and clastic-dominated deposits, produced from Rammelsberg and reported from Sullivan, Red Dog, Tri-State, Viburnum Trend, Lisheen, San Vincente, and Shalipayco. Platinum and palladium have been produced from sedimentary rock-hosted stratiform copper deposits in the Polish Kupferschiefer. Sedimentary rock-hosted stratiform copper deposits in the Chu-Sarysu basin are known to have produced rhenium. Although trace element concentrations in these types of sediment-hosted ores are poorly characterized in general, available data suggest that there may be economically important concentrations of critical elements yet to be recognized.