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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Afar (3)
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Cape Verde Islands (2)
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Central Africa
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Rwanda (1)
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East Africa
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South Africa
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Israel
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Atlantic Ocean
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South Atlantic
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Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Australasia
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Australia
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Giles Complex (1)
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Lachlan fold belt (5)
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Queensland Australia (6)
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Western Australia
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Pilbara Craton (3)
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New Zealand
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Taupo volcanic zone (3)
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Papua New Guinea
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Russian Pacific region (1)
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Tuva Russian Federation (2)
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Moine thrust zone (1)
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Scottish Highlands
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Wales
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-
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Northern Ireland
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Giant's Causeway (1)
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-
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Grand Banks (1)
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Hartford Basin (1)
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Indian Ocean
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Carlsberg Ridge (1)
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Red Sea
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Indian Ocean Islands
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Madagascar (4)
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Reunion
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International Ocean Discovery Program
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Expedition 349
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Mexico
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Mexico state
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North America
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Basin and Range Province
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Canadian Shield
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Flin Flon Belt (1)
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Hawaii
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Owens Valley (1)
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Pacific Ocean
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-
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Southeast Pacific
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Lau Basin (1)
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-
-
North Pacific
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Clarion fracture zone (1)
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Northwest Pacific
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South China Sea
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-
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Yellow Sea
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-
-
-
-
-
South Pacific
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-
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Southwest Pacific
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-
-
-
-
West Pacific
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-
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Yellow Sea
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-
-
-
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Southwest Pacific
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-
-
-
-
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Pacific-Antarctic Ridge (1)
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Palisades Sill (4)
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South America
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Andes
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Argentina
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Brazil
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Chile
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-
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United States
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Arizona
-
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California
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-
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-
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-
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-
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-
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Connecticut
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Great Basin (4)
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Hawaii
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Idaho
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-
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Kentucky
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Maine
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-
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Massachusetts
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-
Michigan
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Michigan Upper Peninsula
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-
-
Midcontinent geophysical anomaly (1)
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Minnesota
-
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Duluth Complex (10)
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Partridge River Intrusion (6)
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-
-
Montana
-
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Tobacco Root Mountains (1)
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-
Nevada
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New Mexico
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-
New York
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Pennsylvania
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-
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Texas
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-
-
Trans-Pecos (5)
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Sangre de Cristo Mountains (1)
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Wet Mountains (1)
-
-
Utah
-
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Western U.S. (4)
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Wyoming
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commodities
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mineral deposits, genesis (127)
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elements, isotopes
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boron
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B-11/B-10 (1)
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (3)
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C-14 (3)
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chemical ratios (27)
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hydrogen
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-
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-
-
stable isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (2)
-
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-
C-13/C-12 (3)
-
D/H (2)
-
deuterium (1)
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (3)
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Fe-57 (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (39)
-
Li-7/Li-6 (3)
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Mg-26/Mg-24 (2)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (133)
-
O-17/O-16 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (52)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (38)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (30)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (6)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (31)
-
Pb-208/Pb-206 (2)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (9)
-
S-33/S-32 (2)
-
S-34/S-32 (11)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (17)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (177)
-
-
-
large-ion lithophile elements (9)
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Lu/Hf (12)
-
metals
-
actinides
-
thorium
-
Th-230/Ra-226 (2)
-
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-
U-238/Th-230 (1)
-
U-238/Th-232 (1)
-
-
uranium
-
U-238/Pb-204 (2)
-
U-238/Th-230 (1)
-
U-238/Th-232 (1)
-
U-238/U-234 (1)
-
-
-
alkali metals
-
cesium
-
Cs-137 (1)
-
-
lithium
-
Li-7/Li-6 (3)
-
-
potassium
-
K-40 (1)
-
-
rubidium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (9)
-
-
sodium (4)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
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barium (10)
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beryllium (6)
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calcium (5)
-
magnesium
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (2)
-
-
radium
-
Ra-226 (3)
-
Th-230/Ra-226 (2)
-
-
strontium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (9)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (177)
-
-
-
aluminum (13)
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antimony (2)
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arsenic (2)
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chromium (9)
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copper (12)
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gallium (1)
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gold (6)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (39)
-
-
indium (1)
-
iron
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (3)
-
Fe-57 (1)
-
ferric iron (3)
-
ferrous iron (4)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (38)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (30)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (6)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (31)
-
Pb-208/Pb-206 (2)
-
Pb-210 (1)
-
U-238/Pb-204 (2)
-
-
manganese (2)
-
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nickel (15)
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niobium (18)
-
platinum group
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iridium (5)
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iridium ores (1)
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osmium
-
Os-188/Os-187 (1)
-
-
osmium ores (1)
-
palladium (11)
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palladium ores (4)
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platinum (9)
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platinum ores (44)
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rhodium (3)
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ruthenium (4)
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ruthenium ores (1)
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precious metals (7)
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rare earths
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cerium (3)
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europium (6)
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lanthanum (6)
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lutetium (4)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (133)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (17)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (17)
-
-
scandium (2)
-
terbium (3)
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ytterbium (5)
-
yttrium (9)
-
-
silver (2)
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tantalum (17)
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thallium (1)
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tin (6)
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titanium (14)
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vanadium (1)
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zinc (3)
-
zirconium (20)
-
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (2)
-
-
radon
-
Rn-222 (1)
-
-
-
oxygen
-
O-17/O-16 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (52)
-
-
phosphorus (7)
-
selenium (1)
-
short-lived isotopes (1)
-
silicon (4)
-
sulfur
-
S-33/S-32 (2)
-
S-34/S-32 (11)
-
-
tellurium (2)
-
trace metals (3)
-
-
fossils
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Reptilia
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
dinosaurs (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Invertebrata
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera (1)
-
-
-
microfossils (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
Ar/Ar (38)
-
fission-track dating (1)
-
K/Ar (26)
-
Lu/Hf (12)
-
Nd/Nd (3)
-
paleomagnetism (10)
-
Pb/Pb (3)
-
Rb/Sr (25)
-
Re/Os (5)
-
Sm/Nd (9)
-
Sr/Sr (2)
-
Th/U (4)
-
thermochronology (3)
-
U/Pb (113)
-
U/Th/Pb (3)
-
uranium disequilibrium (3)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
upper Holocene
-
Roman period (1)
-
-
-
lower Quaternary (1)
-
Pleistocene
-
Bandelier Tuff (1)
-
Bishop Tuff (4)
-
upper Pleistocene (5)
-
-
upper Quaternary (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Calipuy Group (1)
-
Challis Volcanics (1)
-
lower Tertiary (1)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (10)
-
Grande Ronde Basalt (4)
-
lower Miocene (5)
-
middle Miocene (3)
-
Paintbrush Tuff (1)
-
Picture Gorge Basalt (2)
-
Topopah Spring Member (1)
-
upper Miocene (2)
-
Wanapum Basalt (1)
-
-
Pliocene
-
upper Pliocene (2)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Dongying Formation (1)
-
Eocene
-
lower Eocene (3)
-
middle Eocene
-
Lutetian (1)
-
-
upper Eocene (3)
-
-
lower Paleogene (1)
-
Oligocene
-
Fish Canyon Tuff (2)
-
lower Oligocene (2)
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene (1)
-
upper Paleocene (1)
-
-
-
Shahejie Formation (1)
-
Zambales Ophiolite (1)
-
-
upper Cenozoic (4)
-
-
Dalradian (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Campanian (2)
-
Cenomanian (1)
-
Coniacian (1)
-
Maestrichtian (1)
-
Santonian (1)
-
Senonian (1)
-
Tuolumne Intrusive Suite (7)
-
Turonian (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Ferrar Group (1)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Hampden Basalt (1)
-
Holyoke Basalt (2)
-
Talkeetna Formation (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Dogger (1)
-
-
Rajmahal Series (1)
-
Smartville Complex (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Josephine Ophiolite (2)
-
-
-
lower Mesozoic (5)
-
Newark Supergroup (1)
-
Serra Geral Formation (1)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
-
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (1)
-
Ladinian (2)
-
-
Nicola Group (1)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Carnian (1)
-
-
-
-
Moldanubian (2)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Acadian (1)
-
Lower Cambrian (2)
-
Mount Read Volcanics (1)
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Furongian (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (3)
-
-
Mississippian (1)
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Upper Pennsylvanian (1)
-
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Westphalian (1)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Ackley Granite (1)
-
Heemskirk Granite (1)
-
Lower Devonian
-
Shap Granite (1)
-
-
Middle Devonian (1)
-
Old Red Sandstone (1)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Frasnian (1)
-
-
-
lower Paleozoic (7)
-
middle Paleozoic (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Floian (1)
-
Tremadocian (1)
-
-
Meguma Group (2)
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Llanvirnian (2)
-
-
Tetagouche Group (1)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Caradocian
-
Borrowdale Volcanic Group (1)
-
-
-
-
Permian
-
Lower Permian
-
Cisuralian (1)
-
-
Middle Permian (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
-
-
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian (4)
-
Middle Silurian (1)
-
Upper Silurian
-
Pridoli (1)
-
-
-
Talladega Group (1)
-
upper Paleozoic (2)
-
-
Phanerozoic (8)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Blake River Group (4)
-
Eoarchean (2)
-
Iron Ore Group (2)
-
J-M Reef (5)
-
Neoarchean (11)
-
Opemisca Group (1)
-
Paleoarchean (4)
-
Roy Group (1)
-
Singhbhum Granite (1)
-
Yellowknife Group (1)
-
-
Catoctin Formation (1)
-
Fortescue Group (1)
-
Laramie anorthosite complex (2)
-
middle Precambrian (1)
-
Nipissing Diabase (1)
-
North Shore Volcanics (2)
-
Stillwater Complex (9)
-
Transvaal Supergroup (2)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Damara System (1)
-
Keweenawan (1)
-
Lewisian (2)
-
Malmani Subgroup (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Ectasian (1)
-
Helikian
-
Neohelikian (1)
-
-
Stenian (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (2)
-
Ediacaran (4)
-
Hadrynian (1)
-
Horsethief Creek Group (1)
-
Riphean (2)
-
Tonian (2)
-
Vendian (3)
-
-
Ortega Group (1)
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Aphebian (1)
-
Hemlock Formation (1)
-
Rooiberg Group (2)
-
Rustenburg Layered Suite (2)
-
Statherian (1)
-
Svecofennian (1)
-
Virginia Formation (2)
-
-
-
-
Vadito Group (1)
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
extrusive rocks (4)
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites
-
sovite (1)
-
-
feldspathoid rocks (8)
-
granophyre (7)
-
hypabyssal rocks (8)
-
kimberlite (3)
-
phoscorites (1)
-
picrite (13)
-
plutonic rocks
-
alnoite (1)
-
anorthosite (23)
-
appinite (3)
-
crinanite (1)
-
diabase (27)
-
diorites
-
diorite porphyry (1)
-
ferrodiorite (2)
-
plagiogranite (7)
-
quartz diorites (9)
-
tonalite (27)
-
trondhjemite (15)
-
-
gabbros
-
anorthositic gabbro (1)
-
microgabbro (1)
-
norite (21)
-
olivine gabbro (2)
-
troctolite (14)
-
-
granites
-
adamellite (4)
-
alaskite (2)
-
alkali granites (2)
-
aplite (15)
-
A-type granites (26)
-
biotite granite (7)
-
charnockite (2)
-
granite porphyry (7)
-
granosyenite (1)
-
graphic granite (2)
-
I-type granites (24)
-
leucogranite (21)
-
microgranite (2)
-
micropegmatite (2)
-
monzogranite (22)
-
muscovite granite (3)
-
rapakivi (4)
-
S-type granites (15)
-
two-mica granite (6)
-
-
granodiorites
-
granodiorite porphyry (1)
-
-
ijolite (3)
-
lamproite (3)
-
lamprophyres
-
minette (5)
-
spessartite (1)
-
-
monzodiorite (10)
-
monzonites
-
mangerite (3)
-
-
pegmatite (58)
-
quartz monzonite (4)
-
sovite (1)
-
syenites
-
alkali syenites (2)
-
granosyenite (1)
-
nepheline syenite
-
agpaite (2)
-
miaskite (1)
-
-
quartz syenite (10)
-
shonkinite (1)
-
syenite porphyry (1)
-
-
syenodiorite (1)
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (13)
-
hornblendite (2)
-
olivinite (1)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (8)
-
garnet lherzolite (1)
-
harzburgite (10)
-
lherzolite (3)
-
spinel lherzolite (2)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
clinopyroxenite (2)
-
orthopyroxenite (2)
-
websterite (3)
-
-
-
-
porphyry
-
vitrophyre (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
adakites (7)
-
andesites
-
boninite (3)
-
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
alkali olivine basalt (6)
-
hawaiite (14)
-
mugearite (11)
-
spilite (1)
-
trachybasalts (2)
-
-
flood basalts (16)
-
mare basalts (1)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (32)
-
ocean-island basalts (21)
-
olivine basalt (3)
-
olivine tholeiite (8)
-
shoshonite (13)
-
tholeiite (27)
-
tholeiitic basalt (14)
-
-
basanite
-
ankaramite (3)
-
-
benmoreite (7)
-
dacites (25)
-
glasses
-
volcanic glass (8)
-
-
komatiite (18)
-
latite (6)
-
limburgite (1)
-
meimechite (2)
-
melilitite (3)
-
nephelinite
-
olivine nephelinite (1)
-
-
phonolites
-
tinguaite (1)
-
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (12)
-
ignimbrite (18)
-
pumice (7)
-
rhyolite tuff (2)
-
tuff (24)
-
welded tuff (1)
-
-
rhyodacites (5)
-
rhyolites
-
comendite (1)
-
pantellerite (5)
-
-
tephrite (2)
-
trachyandesites
-
absarokite (1)
-
-
trachytes (17)
-
vitrophyre (1)
-
-
-
ophiolite (23)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (13)
-
cataclasites (1)
-
eclogite (5)
-
garnetite (1)
-
gneisses
-
granite gneiss (1)
-
orthogneiss (4)
-
paragneiss (4)
-
-
granulites (8)
-
hornfels (1)
-
marbles (1)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
meta-andesite (3)
-
metabasalt (14)
-
metabasite (2)
-
metadiabase (2)
-
metagabbro (7)
-
metagranite (5)
-
metakomatiite (3)
-
metaperidotite (2)
-
metapyroxenite (1)
-
metarhyolite (2)
-
serpentinite (1)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (5)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
metasandstone (1)
-
paragneiss (4)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
greisen (8)
-
serpentinite (1)
-
skarn (3)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (27)
-
migmatites (9)
-
schists
-
greenstone (1)
-
-
slates (2)
-
-
ophiolite (23)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites
-
stony meteorites
-
achondrites
-
angrite (1)
-
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
alloys
-
carbides
-
moissanite (1)
-
-
nitrides (1)
-
-
antimonides (1)
-
arsenides
-
cobaltite (1)
-
gersdorffite (1)
-
sperrylite (1)
-
-
bismuthides
-
michenerite (1)
-
-
carbonates
-
ankerite (1)
-
calcite (3)
-
dolomite (4)
-
rhodochrosite (1)
-
siderite (1)
-
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
halite (1)
-
-
fluorides
-
fluorite (2)
-
topaz (4)
-
-
-
hydrates (1)
-
minerals (27)
-
native elements
-
diamond (1)
-
graphite (1)
-
-
oxides
-
aluminum oxides (1)
-
baddeleyite (1)
-
cassiterite (6)
-
chrome spinel (1)
-
chromite (14)
-
corundum (1)
-
gahnite (1)
-
hematite (1)
-
hercynite (1)
-
ilmenite (8)
-
iron oxides (3)
-
jacobsite (1)
-
magnesioferrite (1)
-
magnesium oxides (3)
-
magnetite (9)
-
niobates
-
columbite (9)
-
euxenite (1)
-
tapiolite (1)
-
-
perovskite (1)
-
pitchblende (1)
-
rutile (2)
-
spinel (11)
-
tantalates
-
euxenite (1)
-
stibiotantalite (1)
-
tantalite (9)
-
-
titanium oxides (2)
-
titanomagnetite (6)
-
ulvospinel (1)
-
uraninite (3)
-
-
phosphates
-
amblygonite (2)
-
apatite (22)
-
chlorapatite (1)
-
fluorapatite (3)
-
monazite (3)
-
-
platinum minerals (4)
-
silicates
-
aluminosilicates (2)
-
chain silicates
-
aenigmatite group
-
aenigmatite (3)
-
sapphirine (1)
-
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
actinolite (3)
-
arfvedsonite (2)
-
hornblende (12)
-
kaersutite (1)
-
pargasite (1)
-
riebeckite (1)
-
-
-
astrophyllite (1)
-
bavenite (1)
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
aegirine (3)
-
augite (7)
-
chrome diopside (1)
-
diopside (4)
-
hedenbergite (3)
-
pigeonite (4)
-
spodumene (4)
-
-
orthopyroxene
-
enstatite (1)
-
ferrosilite (1)
-
hypersthene (1)
-
-
-
wollastonite group
-
wollastonite (1)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
amazonite (2)
-
anorthoclase (1)
-
K-feldspar (10)
-
orthoclase (1)
-
sanidine (1)
-
-
plagioclase
-
albite (8)
-
anorthite (3)
-
bytownite (2)
-
labradorite (1)
-
-
-
leucite (1)
-
nepheline group
-
nepheline (6)
-
-
pseudoleucite (1)
-
silica minerals
-
amethyst (1)
-
coesite (1)
-
quartz (14)
-
-
zeolite group
-
pollucite (2)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
garnet group
-
spessartine (1)
-
-
olivine group
-
fayalite (2)
-
forsterite (6)
-
monticellite (1)
-
olivine (43)
-
-
titanite group
-
titanite (5)
-
-
topaz (4)
-
zircon group
-
zircon (98)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
epidote group
-
allanite (3)
-
epidote (3)
-
-
melilite group
-
melilite (1)
-
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
aquamarine (2)
-
beryl (8)
-
cordierite (2)
-
emerald (1)
-
tourmaline group
-
dravite (1)
-
elbaite (3)
-
schorl (2)
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (1)
-
-
clay minerals
-
smectite (1)
-
-
illite (1)
-
mica group
-
biotite (20)
-
lepidolite (4)
-
muscovite (9)
-
phlogopite (4)
-
polylithionite (1)
-
-
petalite (1)
-
sericite (1)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
alunite (1)
-
anhydrite (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
bornite (3)
-
chalcopyrite (5)
-
cobaltite (1)
-
copper sulfides (3)
-
cubanite (2)
-
galena (1)
-
gersdorffite (1)
-
laurite (2)
-
molybdenite (6)
-
nickel sulfides (3)
-
pentlandite (5)
-
pyrite (5)
-
pyrrhotite (5)
-
talnakhite (1)
-
-
sulfosalts
-
sulfantimonites
-
freibergite (1)
-
tetrahedrite (1)
-
-
-
tellurides (1)
-
tungstates
-
scheelite (1)
-
wolframite (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (181)
-
Africa
-
Afar (3)
-
Cape Verde Islands (2)
-
Central Africa
-
Rwanda (1)
-
-
East Africa
-
Afar Depression (2)
-
Djibouti (5)
-
Ethiopia (4)
-
Ethiopian Rift (2)
-
Kenya
-
Kenya Rift valley (3)
-
-
Tanzania
-
Kilimanjaro (1)
-
Oldoinyo Lengai (1)
-
-
Uganda (2)
-
-
East African Lakes
-
Lake Baringo (1)
-
-
East African Rift (3)
-
Madagascar (4)
-
North Africa
-
Algeria
-
Ahaggar (1)
-
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Egypt
-
Eastern Desert (8)
-
Sinai Egypt (1)
-
-
Morocco
-
Marrakech Morocco (1)
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Tunisia (1)
-
-
Nubian Shield (4)
-
Southern Africa
-
Barberton greenstone belt (1)
-
Kaapvaal Craton (2)
-
Karoo Basin (4)
-
Namaqualand (2)
-
Namaqualand metamorphic complex (1)
-
Namibia
-
Kaoko Belt (2)
-
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (30)
-
Cape Province region (3)
-
Free State South Africa (1)
-
KwaZulu-Natal South Africa (1)
-
Merensky Reef (8)
-
Mpumalanga South Africa (1)
-
Transvaal region (26)
-
-
Zimbabwe
-
Great Dyke (3)
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Cameroon (1)
-
Ivory Coast (1)
-
-
West African Shield (1)
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic ice sheet
-
West Antarctic ice sheet (1)
-
-
Antarctic Peninsula
-
Graham Land (1)
-
-
Ellsworth Land (2)
-
Marie Byrd Land (2)
-
Queen Maud Land (1)
-
Ross Island (1)
-
Transantarctic Mountains (1)
-
Victoria Land
-
McMurdo dry valleys
-
Wright Valley (1)
-
-
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Mid-Arctic Ocean Ridge (1)
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
East Greenland (2)
-
Igaliku Complex (1)
-
Ilimaussaq (1)
-
Kangerlussuaq (1)
-
Skaergaard Intrusion (5)
-
South Greenland (3)
-
West Greenland (1)
-
-
Russian Arctic
-
Franz Josef Land (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Altai Mountains
-
Gorny Altai (1)
-
-
Altai Russian Federation
-
Gorny Altai (1)
-
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Arabian Shield (4)
-
Oman
-
Oman Mountains (1)
-
-
Saudi Arabia
-
Hail Saudi Arabia (1)
-
-
United Arab Emirates (1)
-
Yemen (1)
-
-
Buryat Russian Federation
-
Vitim Plateau (2)
-
-
Central Asia
-
Kazakhstan
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ijolite (3)
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Indian Ocean
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Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
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Expedition 345 (1)
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (9)
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lava (126)
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Mediterranean region
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Mediterranean Sea
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Josephine Ophiolite (2)
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lower Mesozoic (5)
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Triassic
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Nicola Group (1)
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metal ores
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metals
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actinides
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thorium
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Th-230/Ra-226 (2)
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Th-232/Th-230 (2)
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U-238/Th-230 (1)
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U-238/Th-232 (1)
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uranium
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U-238/Pb-204 (2)
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U-238/Th-230 (1)
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U-238/Th-232 (1)
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U-238/U-234 (1)
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alkali metals
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cesium
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Cs-137 (1)
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lithium
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Li-7/Li-6 (3)
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potassium
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K-40 (1)
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rubidium
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (9)
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magnesium
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Mg-26/Mg-24 (2)
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radium
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Ra-226 (3)
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Th-230/Ra-226 (2)
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strontium
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (9)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (177)
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aluminum (13)
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (39)
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indium (1)
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Fe-56/Fe-54 (3)
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lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (38)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (31)
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U-238/Pb-204 (2)
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manganese (2)
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osmium ores (1)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (133)
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samarium
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (17)
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silver (2)
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metamorphic rocks
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angrite (1)
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Mexico
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Chihuahua Mexico (4)
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Mexico state
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Nayarit Mexico
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Pico de Orizaba (1)
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mineral deposits, genesis (127)
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Moon (8)
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noble gases
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argon
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (2)
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radon
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Rn-222 (1)
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North America
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Appalachians
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Basin and Range Province
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Canadian Shield
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Cape Smith fold belt (3)
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Flin Flon Belt (1)
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Slave Province (2)
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Abitibi Belt (17)
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Swayze greenstone belt (1)
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Great Lakes region (5)
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Peninsular Ranges Batholith (1)
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San Juan Mountains (2)
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-
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Saint Lawrence Valley (1)
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ocean basins (2)
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Ocean Drilling Program
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Leg 114
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ODP Site 698 (1)
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ODP Site 703 (1)
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Leg 193 (1)
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ocean floors (11)
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Oceania
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Tuamotu Islands
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Hawaii
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Hawaii County Hawaii
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Hualalai (1)
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Kilauea (4)
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-
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-
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oceanography (1)
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orogeny (25)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (52)
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Pacific Coast (1)
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Clarion fracture zone (1)
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Southeast Pacific
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Lau Basin (1)
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-
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North Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Clarion fracture zone (1)
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Northwest Pacific
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Yellow Sea
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-
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South Pacific
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Southwest Pacific
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-
-
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West Pacific
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Yellow Sea
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Southwest Pacific
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Manus Basin (1)
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paleogeography (13)
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paleomagnetism (10)
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Acadian (1)
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Lower Cambrian (2)
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Upper Cambrian
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Furongian (1)
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-
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Carboniferous
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Mississippian (1)
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Upper Carboniferous
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-
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Devonian
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Ackley Granite (1)
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lower Paleozoic (7)
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middle Paleozoic (1)
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Ordovician
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Meguma Group (2)
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Tetagouche Group (1)
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Upper Ordovician
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Caradocian
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Borrowdale Volcanic Group (1)
-
-
-
-
Permian
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Lower Permian
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Cisuralian (1)
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Middle Permian (1)
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Upper Permian
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Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
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-
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Silurian
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Lower Silurian (4)
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Pridoli (1)
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-
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Talladega Group (1)
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upper Paleozoic (2)
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paragenesis (14)
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petrology (227)
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Precambrian
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Blake River Group (4)
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Roy Group (1)
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Catoctin Formation (1)
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Laramie anorthosite complex (2)
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middle Precambrian (1)
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Mesoproterozoic
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Stenian (1)
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Neoproterozoic
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Tonian (2)
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Ortega Group (1)
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Paleoproterozoic
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Aphebian (1)
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Hemlock Formation (1)
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Rooiberg Group (2)
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Rustenburg Layered Suite (2)
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Statherian (1)
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Svecofennian (1)
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Virginia Formation (2)
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-
-
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Vadito Group (1)
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Red Sea region (2)
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spectroscopy (2)
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sulfur
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S-33/S-32 (2)
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S-34/S-32 (11)
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tectonics
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
fractional crystallization
Indian cratonic mantle beneath northern Qiangtang in eastern Tibet ca. 11 Ma Available to Purchase
Geochemical transition from Miocene–Pliocene to Quaternary arc volcanism in the northern Sierra Nevada, California Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT Miocene–Pliocene volcanism around Lake Tahoe, California/Nevada, USA, part of the Southern Ancestral Cascades arc, ceased at around 3 Ma as the southern edge of the subducting Juan de Fuca plate migrated north of the region. Post–3 Ma, arc volcanism continued north of Lake Tahoe, but modern subduction and arc volcanism now occur only north of the Lassen volcanic center. Miocene–Pliocene Tahoe arc lavas appear to include an older mantle source component that is not common in Quaternary Lassen arc rocks. The goal of this work was to investigate how magma sources and/or volcanic processes transitioned in the northern Sierra Nevada between Lake Tahoe and Lassen. The Sierra Nevada between Lake Tahoe and Lassen, or the North Sierra segment of the Ancestral Cascades, includes eroded remnants of Ancestral Cascades volcanic rocks, including lava flow complexes, intrusions, and landslide/debris-flow deposits. Lava samples from the North Sierra segment include calc-alkaline basalts to dacites, with rare rhyolites. All North Sierra segment lavas exhibit normalized incompatible-element patterns with negative Nb, Ta, and Ti anomalies and positive Pb, Sr, and Ba anomalies. The North Sierra segment is geochemically split into two parts: a northern group including lavas from the Susanville area, and a southern group consisting of arc rocks from the Portola, Sierraville, Henness Pass, and Sagehen areas. With the exception of the Sagehen area, the North Sierra segment shows little variation in radiogenic isotope ratios with SiO 2 , indicating that assimilation of crustal rocks was outweighed by liquid-crystal crystallization during magma evolution. Trace-element and isotopic ratios in mafic rocks of the northern group are more typical of Lassen area Quaternary volcanic rocks, whereas those of southern group mafic rocks are more typical of Miocene–Pliocene arc lavas of the Lake Tahoe area. The isotopic distinction between Lassen-like and Tahoe-like arc lavas is likely controlled by basement age and lithology, where Lassen-like magmas were derived largely by mantle wedge melting and Tahoe-like magmas were primarily partial melts of metasomatized Sierran lithospheric mantle. The Susanville area represents the “transition zone” between these two geochemically distinct primary magma sources.