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Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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East Africa
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Ethiopia
-
Awash Valley (1)
-
-
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Kalahari Desert (1)
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Lebombo Mountains (1)
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Southern Africa
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Botswana (2)
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Karoo Basin (2)
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Namibia (1)
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South Africa (1)
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Swaziland (1)
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Zimbabwe (1)
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Antarctica
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Victoria Land
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Allan Hills (1)
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Asia
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Baikal rift zone (2)
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Buryat Russian Federation (1)
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Central Asia (1)
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Far East
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China
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Gansu China
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Linxia Basin (1)
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Hebei China (1)
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Loess Plateau (1)
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Ningxia China (1)
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Qilian Mountains (1)
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Qinghai China (1)
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Xizang China
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Lhasa Block (1)
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Japan
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Honshu (1)
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Korea
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South Korea
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Ulsan South Korea (1)
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Mongolia (1)
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Thailand
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Lampang Thailand (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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India
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Jammu and Kashmir
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Ladakh (1)
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Nepal (1)
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Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (1)
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Karakoram (1)
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Middle East
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Dead Sea (1)
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Siberia (2)
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Tibetan Plateau (5)
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Atlantic Ocean
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Australasia
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Australia
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Denison Trough (1)
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Western Australia
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Pilbara Craton (1)
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New Zealand
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Lake Taupo (1)
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Taupo volcanic zone (1)
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Waikato Basin (1)
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Avalon Zone (1)
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Canada
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Western Canada
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Europe
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Southern Europe
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Italy
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Apennines
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Tuscany Italy (2)
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Western Europe
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France
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United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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Ardnamurchan (1)
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Scottish Highlands
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Galilee Basin (1)
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commodities
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radioactive isotopes
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Be-10 (1)
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C-14 (3)
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stable isotopes
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C-13/C-12 (2)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
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O-18/O-16 (3)
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S-34/S-32 (1)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (3)
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metals
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alkaline earth metals
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beryllium
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Be-10 (1)
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (3)
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iron
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ferric iron (2)
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ferrous iron (1)
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rare earths
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neodymium
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (3)
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sulfur
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S-34/S-32 (1)
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Pisces (2)
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Amphibia (1)
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Mammalia
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Theria
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Eutheria
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Primates
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Reptilia
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Diapsida
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Archosauria
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dinosaurs (1)
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Therapsida (1)
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ichnofossils (2)
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Invertebrata
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Ostracoda (2)
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Mollusca
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microfossils (6)
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palynomorphs
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miospores
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Plantae
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Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae
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Gymnospermae
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Coniferales
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Taxodium (1)
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Glossopteridales (1)
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geochronology methods
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exposure age (2)
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K/Ar (2)
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paleomagnetism (5)
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Pb/Pb (1)
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tephrochronology (2)
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thermoluminescence (1)
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U/Pb (4)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Kobiwako Group (1)
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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upper Holocene (1)
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Pleistocene
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lower Pleistocene (3)
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middle Pleistocene (2)
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upper Pleistocene (4)
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upper Quaternary
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Brunhes Chron (1)
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Tertiary
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middle Tertiary (2)
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Neogene
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Miocene
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lower Miocene (2)
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upper Miocene (1)
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-
Pliocene
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Hadar Formation (1)
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upper Pliocene (2)
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Paleogene
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Eocene
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Green River Formation (1)
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Lake Gosiute (1)
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middle Eocene
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Laney Shale Member (1)
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-
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Oligocene (1)
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Paleocene (1)
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upper Cenozoic
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Nihewan Formation (1)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Lower Cretaceous (3)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Campanian (1)
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Jurassic
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Lower Jurassic (1)
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Middle Jurassic
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Callovian (1)
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Upper Jurassic
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Fulmar Formation (1)
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lower Kimmeridgian (1)
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upper Kimmeridgian (1)
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Volgian (1)
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-
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Kayenta Formation (1)
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lower Mesozoic (1)
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Newark Supergroup (1)
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Triassic
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Upper Triassic
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Chinle Formation (2)
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MIS 2 (1)
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Paleozoic
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Carboniferous
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Upper Carboniferous
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Devonian
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Middle Devonian (1)
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Horton Group (2)
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Permian
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Lower Permian
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Leonardian (1)
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Wichita Group (1)
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Upper Permian
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Zechstein (2)
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upper Paleozoic
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Dwyka Formation (1)
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Shanxi Formation (1)
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Precambrian
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Archean
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Neoarchean (1)
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Fortescue Group (1)
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Neoproterozoic
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Torridonian (1)
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igneous rocks
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igneous rocks
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plutonic rocks
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granites (1)
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lamprophyres
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minette (1)
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ultramafics
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peridotites (1)
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volcanic rocks
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basalts (4)
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glasses
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volcanic glass (2)
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pyroclastics
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ignimbrite (1)
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pumice (1)
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tuff (2)
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volcanic ash (1)
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metamorphic rocks
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metamorphic rocks
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metaigneous rocks
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serpentinite (1)
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metasedimentary rocks (1)
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quartzites (1)
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minerals
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carbonates
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oxides
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silicates
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framework silicates
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alkali feldspar
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K-feldspar (2)
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plagioclase (1)
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silica minerals
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orthosilicates
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nesosilicates
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sheet silicates
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clay minerals
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smectite (2)
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corrensite (1)
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illite (1)
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mica group
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muscovite (1)
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sulfides
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pyrite (1)
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-
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Primary terms
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absolute age (10)
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Africa
-
East Africa
-
Ethiopia
-
Awash Valley (1)
-
-
-
Kalahari Desert (1)
-
Lebombo Mountains (1)
-
Southern Africa
-
Botswana (2)
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Karoo Basin (2)
-
Namibia (1)
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South Africa (1)
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Swaziland (1)
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Zimbabwe (1)
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-
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Antarctica
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Victoria Land
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Allan Hills (1)
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-
-
Asia
-
Baikal rift zone (2)
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Buryat Russian Federation (1)
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Central Asia (1)
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Far East
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China
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Gansu China
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Linxia Basin (1)
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Hebei China (1)
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Loess Plateau (1)
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Ningxia China (1)
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Qilian Mountains (1)
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Qinghai China (1)
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Xizang China
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Lhasa Block (1)
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-
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Japan
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Honshu (1)
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Korea
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South Korea
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Ulsan South Korea (1)
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Mongolia (1)
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Thailand
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Lampang Thailand (1)
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-
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Indian Peninsula
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India
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Uttar Pradesh India (1)
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-
Jammu and Kashmir
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Ladakh (1)
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Nepal (1)
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Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (1)
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Karakoram (1)
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Middle East
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Dead Sea (1)
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Israel (1)
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Siberia (2)
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Tibetan Plateau (5)
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Transbaikalia (1)
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Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
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Bay of Fundy (1)
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North Sea (2)
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-
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Australasia
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Australia
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Queensland Australia
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Denison Trough (1)
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Western Australia
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Pilbara Craton (1)
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-
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New Zealand
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Lake Taupo (1)
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Taupo volcanic zone (1)
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Waikato Basin (1)
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bacteria (1)
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Maritime Provinces
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Meguma Terrane (2)
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Western Canada
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Alberta (1)
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Yukon Territory (1)
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (2)
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C-14 (3)
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Cenozoic
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Kobiwako Group (1)
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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upper Holocene (1)
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-
Pleistocene
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lower Pleistocene (3)
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middle Pleistocene (2)
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upper Pleistocene (4)
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upper Quaternary
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Brunhes Chron (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
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middle Tertiary (2)
-
Neogene
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Miocene
-
lower Miocene (2)
-
upper Miocene (1)
-
-
Pliocene
-
Hadar Formation (1)
-
upper Pliocene (2)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
Green River Formation (1)
-
Lake Gosiute (1)
-
middle Eocene
-
Laney Shale Member (1)
-
-
-
Oligocene (1)
-
Paleocene (1)
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic
-
Nihewan Formation (1)
-
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Pisces (2)
-
Tetrapoda
-
Amphibia (1)
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Primates
-
Hominidae (2)
-
-
-
-
-
Reptilia
-
Diapsida
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Archosauria
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dinosaurs (1)
-
-
-
Synapsida
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Therapsida (1)
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-
-
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climate change (4)
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crust (2)
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deformation (2)
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diagenesis (1)
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Earth (2)
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earthquakes (1)
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Europe
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Alps (1)
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Southern Europe
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Iberian Peninsula
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Spain
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Cameros Basin (1)
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La Rioja Spain
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Logrono City Spain (1)
-
-
-
-
Italy
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Apennines
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Northern Apennines (1)
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Southern Apennines (2)
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Tuscany Italy (2)
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-
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Western Europe
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France
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Central Massif (1)
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Limagne (1)
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Puy-de-Dome France (1)
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Netherlands (1)
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United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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Scotland
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Argyllshire Scotland (1)
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Highland region Scotland
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Ardnamurchan (1)
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Scottish Highlands
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faults (14)
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foundations (1)
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geochemistry (7)
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geophysical methods (4)
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ichnofossils (2)
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igneous rocks
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plutonic rocks
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granites (1)
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lamprophyres
-
minette (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites (1)
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
basalts (4)
-
glasses
-
volcanic glass (2)
-
-
pyroclastics
-
ignimbrite (1)
-
pumice (1)
-
tuff (2)
-
-
-
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
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Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Branchiopoda (1)
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Malacostraca (1)
-
Ostracoda (2)
-
-
-
-
Mollusca
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Bivalvia (1)
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Gastropoda (1)
-
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
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Be-10 (1)
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C-14 (3)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (2)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
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O-18/O-16 (3)
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S-34/S-32 (1)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (3)
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lava (2)
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mantle (1)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Lower Cretaceous (3)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Campanian (1)
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Maestrichtian (1)
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Senonian (1)
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Jurassic
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Lower Jurassic (1)
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Middle Jurassic
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Callovian (1)
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-
Upper Jurassic
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Fulmar Formation (1)
-
Kimmeridge Clay (1)
-
Kimmeridgian
-
lower Kimmeridgian (1)
-
upper Kimmeridgian (1)
-
-
Volgian (1)
-
-
-
Kayenta Formation (1)
-
lower Mesozoic (1)
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Newark Supergroup (1)
-
Triassic
-
Upper Triassic
-
Chinle Formation (2)
-
-
-
-
metals
-
alkaline earth metals
-
beryllium
-
Be-10 (1)
-
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (3)
-
-
-
iron
-
ferric iron (2)
-
ferrous iron (1)
-
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
-
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metaigneous rocks
-
serpentinite (1)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks (1)
-
metasomatic rocks
-
serpentinite (1)
-
-
quartzites (1)
-
-
metamorphism (2)
-
Mexico
-
Oaxaca Mexico (1)
-
-
North America
-
Appalachians
-
Northern Appalachians (2)
-
-
Basin and Range Province
-
Great Basin (1)
-
-
Denali Fault (1)
-
North American Cordillera (1)
-
Okanogan Range (1)
-
-
orogeny (4)
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (3)
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
fluviolacustrine environment
Stratigraphic evidence of glacier interactions in the Isarco-Pusteria valley junction (Italian Alps): unraveling the Late Pleistocene landscape evolution Available to Purchase
Ice? Salt? Pressure? Sediment deformation structures as evidence of late-stage shallow groundwater in Gale crater, Mars Open Access
Loess chronology and composition as interpreted through the lens of fossiliferous lake sediments in central Illinois, USA Open Access
The influence of volcanic supply on the composition of modern river sands: the case study of the Ofanto River, southern Italy Available to Purchase
Abstract The Ofanto River drains volcanic rocks from the Monte Vulture, lacustrine–fluviolacustrine deposits associated with the same volcano and sedimentary deposits of the Southern Apennines and the Bradanic foredeep sequences. Comparing the modal composition of river sands and the outcrop area of different lithologies in the different sub-basins, an over-concentration of the volcaniclastic fraction, mainly represented by loose crystals of clinopyroxene, garnet and amphibole, is shown. This has been related to the preferential erosion of pyroclastic deposits, characterized by high production of sand-sized loose minerals, together with the carbonate lability and the low sand-sized detritus production from claystones and marls. The occurrence of volcaniclastic components upstream of Monte Vulture can be explained as a contribution from the lacustrine–fluviolacustrine deposits cropping out in the upstream sector or from pyroclastic fall deposits of Monte Vulture and/or Campanian volcanoes. This research shows that the volcanic record in the fluvial sands of the Ofanto River comes from weathering and sorting processes of volcaniclastic deposits rather than of the lavas building the main edifice. Therefore, caution must be taken during palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic reconstructions when relating the type and abundance of the volcanic component in sediments to the weathering stage and evolutionary history of the volcano.
Intense metamorphism-generated radiogenic Sr regulated Cenozoic water Sr isotope evolution on the NE Tibetan Plateau: A perspective on Qilian orogen denudation and Asian eolian transport Available to Purchase
Tectonically controlled drainage fragmentation in the southwestern Great Basin, USA Open Access
Detrital chromian spinels in the Cretaceous Sindong Group, SE Korea: implications for tectonic emplacement of hydrated mantle peridotites Available to Purchase
Earthquake weak motions and noise measurements unravel significant site amplification effects in the Val d’Agri basin (southern Italy) Available to Purchase
Use of sedimentary petrology and provenance to resolve questions regarding the Neogene depositional setting of the southwestern rim of the Amazon Basin (Rio Madre de Dios retroforeland region, Peru and Bolivia) Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT Different depositional environments (fluvial, deltaic, lacustrine, tidal-marine) have been proposed for the Upper Miocene to Pliocene Madre de Dios Formation exposed in the upper reaches of the Amazon River catchment in the Andean retroforeland region. This study constrains the stratigraphy, depositional environment, and drainage evolution in southwestern Amazonia through petrographic and provenance analysis of the sand and mud fractions of the three recognized members (A–C) of the Madre de Dios Formation at three stratigraphic sections measured previously along riverbank outcrops: Cerro Colorado, Piedras River, and Candelaria. Petrographic analyses of thin sections of sand separates from 32 sandy samples showed them to be litho-quartzose to quartzo-lithic in composition, with variable feldspar content and a recycled-orogen provenance. Sand components were predominantly monomineralic to polymineralic quartz, and sedimentary and metamorphic lithic fragments. Muscovite, potassium feldspar, plagioclase, and volcanic lithics were less abundant. These sand components are consistent with derivation from the Andean range to the west. Quartz and feldspar content generally increased up section from member A to member B. Sand composition in member C is similar to the modern river sand composition, consistent with recycling of Madre de Dios Formation sand into the modern river system. Petrographic analyses of 144 smear slides of the mud fractions showed no significant changes in silt composition, i.e., mainly quartz, feldspar, and mica, among the three members. X-ray diffraction of eight mud samples showed their clay mineralogy to be dominated by kaolinite and illite, with some smectite and chlorite in member B. None of the 144 smear slides or the 32 thin sections contained marine or marginal-marine biogenic debris. Mud-rich samples from the Madre de Dios Formation exhibit six main colors that characterize distinct intervals (designated I to VI) that occur in the same stratigraphic order in each measured section, from I at the base to VI at the top. The boundaries of these intervals do not correspond directly to member (A, B, C) boundaries; therefore, the colors are at least partly secondary. If primary, the red to orange to brown mudstone (which is dominant in Madre de Dios Formation members A and C) would suggest development in oxidizing environments, consistent with fluvial systems. Based on its light olive-gray color and smectite content, interval IV in member B may have been deposited in, or subjected to, a more reducing environment, such as a lacustrine-deltaic setting, with low-lying topography and poor drainage. In sum, the Madre de Dios Formation exhibits up-section compositional and thickness trends that are consistent with changes in depositional environment from fluvial (member A) to lacustrine/deltaic (member B) to fluvial (member C), as proposed by previous workers.
Lithostratigraphy of the Tshidzi Formation (Dwyka Group, Karoo Supergroup), South Africa Available to Purchase
Tectonostratigraphy of a rift basin affected by salt tectonics: synrift Middle Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous Dutch Central Graben, Terschelling Basin and neighbouring platforms, Dutch offshore Open Access
Abstract The Middle Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous in the eastern Dutch offshore provides excellent examples of sand-rich sediments that locally accumulated in the vicinity of rift basin margins affected by salt tectonics. These types of deposits are often geographically restricted and difficult to identify, but can be valuable targets for hydrocarbon exploration. The distribution, thickness and preservation potential of fluvio-lacustrine, shallow- and deep-marine sediments is discussed to provide new insights into the regional and local tectonostratigraphy of the Dutch Central Graben, the Terschelling Basin and their neighbouring platforms. New sedimentological, geochemical, biostratigraphic, stratigraphic and structural information have been analysed and integrated into a new tectonostratigraphic model for the Callovian Lower Graben Formation, Oxfordian Middle and Upper Graben formations, Early–Middle Volgian Terschelling Sandstone and Noordvaarder members, and the Late Volgian–Early Ryazanian Scruff Greensand Formation. It is demonstrated that salt withdrawal at the basin axis was the primary control on the generation of high accommodation during the Callovian–Early Kimmeridgian. Incised valleys developed on the platforms providing lateral sediment input. During the Late Kimmeridgian–Ryazanian salt migration shifted laterally towards the basin margins, providing accommodation adjacent to active salt bodies and deposition of overthickened sandy strata.
Spatiotemporal relationships of deep-marine, axial, and transverse depositional systems from the synrift Upper Jurassic of the central North Sea Available to Purchase
Deformation style in the damage zone of the Mondy fault: GPR evidence ( Tunka basin, southern East Siberia ) Available to Purchase
Clustering of Elongate Muddy Delta Lobes within Fluvio–Lacustrine Systems, Jurassic Kayenta Formation, Utah Available to Purchase
Abstract The Kayenta Formation, Warner Valley, Utah, shows lateral and vertical clustering of mud-delta propagating-channel sand bodies within a matrix of fine-grained open-lake deposits and further provides opportunity to develop a fluvio-deltaic depositional-process model. Clustering due to nonrandom stream avulsion is well documented for high-accommodation fluvial systems operating in alluvial plains but not well established for lacustrine systems with abundant fluvio-deltaic lobes. Kayenta Formation delta lobes have similar spatial clustering to those observed in fluvial channel belts and possibly extend this clustering concept to fluvio-lacustrine systems. Lithofacies were mapped on three large photo panoramas, and architectural-element analysis was used to identify bounding surfaces of fluvial channel-deltaic lobes. Fluvio-lacustrine delta lobes reflect linear channels that propagate across mud deltas with negligible bifurcation and generate fluvial channel belts incised into lake mudstone. Channels are associated with thin sand sheets or “blow-out wings” that extend multiple channel widths from the channel and cover levee and mud-delta deposits, but delta-front sand beds are absent. The stages of evolution for these propagating channels is preserved in the variation of channel-lobe architecture and reflects mud-delta propagation at the mouth of each channel in the absence of delta-front sand. Sand is outpaced by mud in the ever-lengthening channel, which reduces sand at the channel mouth and diminishes necessity for channel bifurcation. The resulting deposit is thus a frontal mud-delta lobe bisected by a later single sandy channel belt with lateral sand wings. Statistical analysis of these channel belts shows clustering. Clustering of fluvial bodies within shallow lakes is significant in predictive reservoir models because it improves connectivity and localization of delta-lobe reservoirs. The clustering of delta lobes in fluvio-lacustrine systems is theorized to reflect the preferential channel avulsion centered on the axis of the primary channel feeding into the lake and preferential avulsion fairways of feeder channels. Both the segregation of sand and mud though channel lengthening and the clustering are explainable in fully autocyclic terms. The needed allocyclic driver to trigger these fluvio-lacustrine processesis an accommodation rate sufficiently low compared with lake filling rate as to maintain shallow-water conditions across the lake system through multiple generations of channel propagation.