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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Angola (1)
-
-
Congo Craton (1)
-
East Africa
-
Malawi (1)
-
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
Moulouya River (1)
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Namibia (2)
-
South Africa
-
Cape fold belt (1)
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Guinea (1)
-
-
-
Alexander Terrane (1)
-
Alpine Fault (1)
-
Antarctica
-
East Antarctica (1)
-
Ellsworth Land
-
Ellsworth Mountains (1)
-
-
Transantarctic Mountains
-
Pensacola Mountains (1)
-
-
Wilkes Land
-
Adelie Coast (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Far East
-
China
-
Anshan China (1)
-
North China Platform (1)
-
Sichuan Basin (1)
-
Sichuan China (1)
-
Xizang China (2)
-
Yunnan China (1)
-
-
Korea
-
South Korea
-
Pohang South Korea (1)
-
-
-
-
Himalayas
-
Garhwal Himalayas (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
Bhutan (2)
-
India
-
Uttarakhand India
-
Garhwal Himalayas (1)
-
-
-
-
Main Central Thrust (2)
-
Middle East
-
Iran
-
Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (2)
-
-
Turkey
-
East Anatolian Fault (1)
-
-
Zagros (3)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Gulf of Mexico (1)
-
Northwest Atlantic (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Falkland Islands (1)
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
South Australia
-
Gawler Craton (1)
-
-
Tasmania Australia (1)
-
-
New Zealand
-
Marlborough fault system (1)
-
Marlborough New Zealand
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Kaikoura (1)
-
-
-
-
Border Ranges Fault (1)
-
Caledonides (1)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
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Maritime Provinces
-
Nova Scotia (1)
-
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
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Labrador (1)
-
Newfoundland (1)
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Ontario
-
Parry Sound District Ontario (1)
-
-
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Western Canada
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British Columbia (1)
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Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
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-
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Cascade Range (2)
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Coast Ranges (1)
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Europe
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Alps
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French Alps (2)
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Swiss Alps (1)
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Western Alps
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Maritime Alps
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Argentera Massif (1)
-
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-
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Brianconnais Zone (1)
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Central Europe
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Switzerland
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Swiss Alps (1)
-
-
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Fennoscandian Shield (1)
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Southern Europe
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Greece
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Greek Aegean Islands
-
Cyclades (2)
-
-
-
Iberian Peninsula
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Spain (1)
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Italy
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Apennines
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Southern Apennines (1)
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Calabria Italy (1)
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Piemonte Italy (2)
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Variscides (1)
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Western Europe
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France
-
Alpes-Maritimes France (1)
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French Alps (2)
-
-
Ireland
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Donegal Ireland (1)
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Kerry Ireland
-
Dingle Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
Maritime Alps
-
Argentera Massif (1)
-
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Scandinavia
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Finland
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North Savo Finland
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Kuopio Finland (1)
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Norway (2)
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United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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England
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Pennines (1)
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Wales (1)
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-
-
-
-
Mediterranean region
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Aegean Islands
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Greek Aegean Islands
-
Cyclades (2)
-
-
-
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
East Mediterranean
-
Aegean Sea (2)
-
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West Mediterranean
-
Alboran Sea (1)
-
-
-
North America
-
Appalachian Basin (1)
-
Appalachians
-
Appalachian Plateau (1)
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Blue Ridge Mountains (1)
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Central Appalachians (4)
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Valley and Ridge Province (2)
-
-
Basin and Range Province
-
Great Basin (2)
-
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Canadian Shield
-
Grenville Province
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Central Gneiss Belt (1)
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Eastern Overthrust Belt (1)
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North American Cordillera (1)
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Rocky Mountains
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Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
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Shuswap Complex (1)
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Pacific Coast (1)
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Pacific Ocean (1)
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Raft River (1)
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Sierra Nevada (3)
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Snake Range (1)
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South America
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Argentina (1)
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Brazil
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Sao Francisco Craton (1)
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Chile (1)
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Falkland Islands (1)
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South Island (2)
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-
United States
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Alaska
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Shumagin Islands (1)
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Glacier Bay National Park (1)
-
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Blue Ridge Mountains (1)
-
California
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Del Norte County California (1)
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Mariposa County California (1)
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Mendocino County California (1)
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Mono County California (1)
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Northern California (1)
-
Siskiyou County California (1)
-
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Yolla Bolly Terrane (1)
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Sussex County Delaware (1)
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Great Basin (2)
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Idaho Batholith (1)
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Minnesota
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-
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Nevada
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Humboldt Range (1)
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-
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New York
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Columbia County New York
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Becraft Mountain (1)
-
-
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Pennsylvania (2)
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Sevier orogenic belt (4)
-
Utah
-
Utah County Utah (1)
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Virginia
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Culpeper County Virginia (1)
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Fauquier County Virginia (1)
-
Loudoun County Virginia (1)
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Rappahannock County Virginia (1)
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Warren County Virginia (1)
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-
Walker Lane (2)
-
Washington
-
Chelan County Washington (1)
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Puget Sound (1)
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Seattle Fault (1)
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Whatcom County Washington (1)
-
-
West Virginia (1)
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Wyoming
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Lincoln County Wyoming (1)
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Sublette County Wyoming (1)
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Teton County Wyoming (1)
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-
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commodities
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energy sources (1)
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metal ores
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gold ores (1)
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iron ores (1)
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mineral deposits, genesis (1)
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mineral exploration (1)
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oil and gas fields (1)
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petroleum
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natural gas (1)
-
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
carbon
-
C-14 (1)
-
-
hydrogen
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D/H (1)
-
-
isotope ratios (3)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
C-14 (1)
-
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stable isotopes
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D/H (1)
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Fe-56/Fe-54 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
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O-18/O-16 (1)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
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metals
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alkali metals
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sodium (1)
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alkaline earth metals
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
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aluminum (1)
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iron
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Fe-56/Fe-54 (1)
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-
rare earths
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neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
-
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
-
-
fossils
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
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Reptilia
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Diapsida
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Ichthyosauria (1)
-
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-
-
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-
geochronology methods
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(U-Th)/He (1)
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Ar/Ar (3)
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fission-track dating (1)
-
paleomagnetism (2)
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Sm/Nd (1)
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thermochronology (1)
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U/Pb (3)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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lower Cenozoic (1)
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Quaternary
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Holocene (1)
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Miocene (1)
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Paleogene
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Eocene
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upper Eocene
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Priabonian (1)
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-
lower Paleogene (1)
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Oligocene
-
lower Oligocene
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Rupelian (1)
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-
-
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Twin Sisters Dunite (1)
-
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upper Cenozoic (1)
-
-
Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
-
Middle Cretaceous (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
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Tuolumne Intrusive Suite (1)
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-
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Franciscan Complex (1)
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Jurassic
-
Twin Creek Limestone (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Galice Formation (1)
-
-
-
Triassic (1)
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
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Acadian (1)
-
Upper Cambrian
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Goldenville Formation (1)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian
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Emsian (1)
-
-
Middle Devonian (1)
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Old Red Sandstone (1)
-
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lower Paleozoic (2)
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Ordovician
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Meguma Group (1)
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-
Silurian (1)
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upper Paleozoic (1)
-
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Mesoarchean (1)
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Neoarchean (1)
-
-
Eocambrian (2)
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Flinton Group (1)
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Stirling Quartzite (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
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Mesoproterozoic (1)
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Birimian (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
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igneous rocks
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plutonic rocks
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granites (4)
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lamprophyres (1)
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ultramafics
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peridotites
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dunite (1)
-
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pyroxenite
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orthopyroxenite (1)
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-
volcanic rocks
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basalts (1)
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pyroclastics
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tuff (2)
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-
-
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pyrolite (1)
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-
metamorphic rocks
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metamorphic rocks
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amphibolites (1)
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eclogite (1)
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gneisses
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orthogneiss (1)
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paragneiss (2)
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-
metaigneous rocks
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metagranite (3)
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metasedimentary rocks
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metaconglomerate (2)
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metagraywacke (3)
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paragneiss (2)
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metavolcanic rocks (2)
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migmatites (2)
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mylonites (6)
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phyllites (1)
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quartzites (8)
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schists
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slates (4)
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meteorites
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meteorites
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stony meteorites
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minerals
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minerals (1)
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native elements
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oxides
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phosphates
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silicates
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chain silicates
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amphibole group
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clinoamphibole
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hornblende (1)
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pyroxene group
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clinopyroxene
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omphacite (1)
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framework silicates
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feldspar group
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silica minerals
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quartz (5)
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zeolite group
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-
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orthosilicates
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nesosilicates
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garnet group
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majorite (1)
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pyrope (2)
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olivine group
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wadsleyite (1)
-
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zircon group
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zircon (4)
-
-
-
-
sheet silicates
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illite (1)
-
mica group
-
biotite (3)
-
muscovite (3)
-
-
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (7)
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Angola (1)
-
-
Congo Craton (1)
-
East Africa
-
Malawi (1)
-
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
Moulouya River (1)
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Namibia (2)
-
South Africa
-
Cape fold belt (1)
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Guinea (1)
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
East Antarctica (1)
-
Ellsworth Land
-
Ellsworth Mountains (1)
-
-
Transantarctic Mountains
-
Pensacola Mountains (1)
-
-
Wilkes Land
-
Adelie Coast (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Far East
-
China
-
Anshan China (1)
-
North China Platform (1)
-
Sichuan Basin (1)
-
Sichuan China (1)
-
Xizang China (2)
-
Yunnan China (1)
-
-
Korea
-
South Korea
-
Pohang South Korea (1)
-
-
-
-
Himalayas
-
Garhwal Himalayas (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
Bhutan (2)
-
India
-
Uttarakhand India
-
Garhwal Himalayas (1)
-
-
-
-
Main Central Thrust (2)
-
Middle East
-
Iran
-
Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (2)
-
-
Turkey
-
East Anatolian Fault (1)
-
-
Zagros (3)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Gulf of Mexico (1)
-
Northwest Atlantic (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Falkland Islands (1)
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
South Australia
-
Gawler Craton (1)
-
-
Tasmania Australia (1)
-
-
New Zealand
-
Marlborough fault system (1)
-
Marlborough New Zealand
-
Kaikoura (1)
-
-
-
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
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Maritime Provinces
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Nova Scotia (1)
-
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
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Labrador (1)
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Newfoundland (1)
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Ontario
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Parry Sound District Ontario (1)
-
-
-
Western Canada
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British Columbia (1)
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-14 (1)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
lower Cenozoic (1)
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
upper Eocene
-
Priabonian (1)
-
-
-
lower Paleogene (1)
-
Oligocene
-
lower Oligocene
-
Rupelian (1)
-
-
-
-
Twin Sisters Dunite (1)
-
-
upper Cenozoic (1)
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Reptilia
-
Diapsida
-
Ichthyosauria (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
core (1)
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crust (8)
-
crystal chemistry (1)
-
crystal growth (2)
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crystal structure (5)
-
crystallography (1)
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data processing (13)
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deformation (59)
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Earth (1)
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earthquakes (18)
-
economic geology (1)
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energy sources (1)
-
Europe
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Alps
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French Alps (2)
-
Swiss Alps (1)
-
Western Alps
-
Maritime Alps
-
Argentera Massif (1)
-
-
-
-
Brianconnais Zone (1)
-
Central Europe
-
Switzerland
-
Swiss Alps (1)
-
-
-
Fennoscandian Shield (1)
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece
-
Greek Aegean Islands
-
Cyclades (2)
-
-
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Spain (1)
-
-
Italy
-
Apennines
-
Southern Apennines (1)
-
-
Calabria Italy (1)
-
Piemonte Italy (2)
-
-
-
Variscides (1)
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Alpes-Maritimes France (1)
-
French Alps (2)
-
-
Ireland
-
Donegal Ireland (1)
-
Kerry Ireland
-
Dingle Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
Maritime Alps
-
Argentera Massif (1)
-
-
Scandinavia
-
Finland
-
North Savo Finland
-
Kuopio Finland (1)
-
-
-
Norway (2)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
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England
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Pennines (1)
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Wales (1)
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-
-
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explosions (1)
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faults (41)
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foliation (23)
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fractures (5)
-
geochemistry (3)
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geodesy (3)
-
geophysical methods (6)
-
geophysics (1)
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heat flow (2)
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hydrogen
-
D/H (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
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plutonic rocks
-
granites (4)
-
lamprophyres (1)
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites
-
dunite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
orthopyroxenite (1)
-
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
basalts (1)
-
pyroclastics
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tuff (2)
-
-
-
-
inclusions
-
fluid inclusions (2)
-
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intrusions (10)
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isostasy (1)
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isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
C-14 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
D/H (1)
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (1)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
lineation (6)
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magmas (1)
-
mantle (8)
-
Mediterranean region
-
Aegean Islands
-
Greek Aegean Islands
-
Cyclades (2)
-
-
-
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
East Mediterranean
-
Aegean Sea (2)
-
-
West Mediterranean
-
Alboran Sea (1)
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Middle Cretaceous (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Tuolumne Intrusive Suite (1)
-
-
-
Franciscan Complex (1)
-
Jurassic
-
Twin Creek Limestone (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Galice Formation (1)
-
-
-
Triassic (1)
-
-
metal ores
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gold ores (1)
-
iron ores (1)
-
-
metals
-
alkali metals
-
sodium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
aluminum (1)
-
iron
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (1)
-
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
-
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (1)
-
eclogite (1)
-
gneisses
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finite strain analysis
Feasibility of Coseismic Landslide Prediction Based on GNSS Observations: A Case Study of the 2022 M s 6.8 Luding, China, Earthquake
Physical Characteristics Controlling Radiation from Heterogeneous Ruptures—Finite Faults
Rapid Source Characterization of the 2023 M w 6.8 Al Haouz, Morocco, Earthquake
Rapid Surface Rupture Mapping from Satellite Data: The 2023 Kahramanmaraş, Turkey (Türkiye), Earthquake Sequence
Abstract Orientated carbonate (calcite twinning strains; n = 78 with 2414 twin measurements) and quartzites (finite strains; n = 15) were collected around Gondwana to study the deformational history associated with the amalgamation of the supercontinent. The Buzios orogen (545–500 Ma), within interior Gondwana, records the high-grade collisional orogen between the São Francisco Craton (Brazil) and the Congo–Angola Craton (Angola and Namibia), and twinning strains in calc-silicates record a SE–NW shortening fabric parallel to the thrust transport. Along Gondwana's southern margin, the Saldanian–Ross–Delamerian orogen (590–480 Ma) is marked by a regional unconformity that cuts into deformed Neoproterozoic–Ordovician sedimentary rocks and associated intrusions. Cambrian carbonate is preserved in the central part of the southern Gondwana margin, namely in the Kango Inlier of the Cape Fold Belt and the Ellsworth, Pensacola and Transantarctic mountains. Paleozoic carbonate is not preserved in the Ventana Mountains in Argentina, in the Falkland Islands/Islas Malvinas or in Tasmania. Twinning strains in these Cambrian carbonate strata and synorogenic veins record a complex, overprinted deformation history with no stable foreland strain reference. The Kurgiakh orogen (490 Ma) along Gondwana's northern margin is also defined by a regional Ordovician unconformity throughout the Himalaya; these rocks record a mix of layer-parallel and layer-normal twinning strains with a likely Himalayan (40 Ma) strain overprint and no autochthonous foreland strain site. Conversely, the Gondwanide orogen (250 Ma) along Gondwana's southern margin has three foreland (autochthonous) sites for comparison with 59 allochthonous thrust-belt strain analyses. From west to east, these include: finite strains from Devonian quartzite preserve a layer-parallel shortening (LPS) strain rotated clockwise in the Ventana Mountains of Argentina; frontal (calcite twins) and internal (quartzite strains) samples in the Cape Fold Belt preserve a LPS fabric that is rotated clockwise from the autochthonous north–south horizontal shortening in the foreland strain site; Falkland Devonian quartzite shows the same clockwise rotation of the LPS fabric; and Permian limestone and veins in Tasmania record a thrust transport-parallel LPS fabric. Early amalgamation of Gondwana (Ordovician) is preserved by local layer-parallel and layer-normal strain without evidence of far-field deformation, whereas the Gondwanide orogen (Permian) is dominated by layer-parallel shortening, locally rotated by dextral shear along the margin, that propagated across the supercontinent.