Update search
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Tunisia (1)
-
-
Southern Africa
-
South Africa
-
Free State South Africa
-
Vredefort Dome (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Alexander Terrane (1)
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Beaufort Sea (1)
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Oman
-
Oman Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Far East
-
Burma (1)
-
China
-
Guizhou China (1)
-
Nanpanjiang Basin (1)
-
South China Block (1)
-
-
-
Himalayas (1)
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India (2)
-
Jammu and Kashmir
-
Ladakh (1)
-
-
Pakistan (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
Mid-Atlantic Ridge (1)
-
North Atlantic
-
Great Bahama Bank (1)
-
Little Bahama Bank (1)
-
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
South Australia
-
Adelaide Australia (1)
-
-
-
-
Bear River basin (1)
-
Beaver Creek (1)
-
Black Mountains (2)
-
Blue Mountains (7)
-
Buckskin Mountains (2)
-
Cache Creek (1)
-
Cache Valley (1)
-
Caledonides (1)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Ontario
-
Ottawa Ontario (1)
-
Sudbury Structure (1)
-
Thunder Bay District Ontario (1)
-
-
Quebec
-
Beauce County Quebec (1)
-
Sherbrooke County Quebec (1)
-
Thetford Mines (1)
-
-
-
Stikinia Terrane (1)
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta (5)
-
British Columbia
-
Mount Meager (2)
-
Vancouver British Columbia (4)
-
Vancouver Island (1)
-
-
Canadian Cordillera (2)
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (5)
-
-
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
-
Antilles
-
Lesser Antilles
-
Guadeloupe (1)
-
Martinique (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Cascade Range (24)
-
Cascadia subduction zone (2)
-
Central Valley (2)
-
Channeled Scabland (5)
-
Clark Fork (1)
-
Coast Mountains (4)
-
Coast Ranges (10)
-
Colorado River (8)
-
Columbia River (7)
-
Columbia River basin (3)
-
Commonwealth of Independent States (1)
-
Crater Lake (1)
-
Death Valley (1)
-
Deschutes River (1)
-
Diablo Range (2)
-
Dixie Valley (1)
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
Eastern Alps
-
Dolomites (1)
-
-
French Alps (2)
-
Western Alps
-
Dauphine Alps (1)
-
Maritime Alps (1)
-
-
-
Carpathians
-
Western Carpathians (1)
-
-
Central Europe
-
Austria
-
Tyrol Austria (1)
-
-
Czech Republic (1)
-
Germany (1)
-
Slovakia (1)
-
Switzerland (1)
-
-
Danube River (1)
-
Jura Mountains (1)
-
Pyrenees (12)
-
Southern Europe
-
Bulgaria (1)
-
Greece (1)
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Iberian Massif (1)
-
Spain
-
Aragon Spain
-
Saragossa Spain (1)
-
Teruel Spain (2)
-
-
Asturias Spain (1)
-
Cantabrian Mountains (1)
-
Castile Spain
-
New Castile Spain (2)
-
-
Castilla-La Mancha Spain
-
Cuenca Spain (2)
-
-
Iberian Mountains (5)
-
Maestrazgo Spain (1)
-
Valencia region
-
Castellon Spain
-
Castellon de la Plana City Spain (2)
-
-
-
-
-
Italy
-
Apennines (2)
-
Apulia Italy
-
Gargano (1)
-
-
Campania Italy
-
Phlegraean Fields (1)
-
Vesuvius (1)
-
-
Sicily Italy
-
Mount Etna (1)
-
-
Umbria Italy
-
Perugia Italy
-
Gubbio Italy (1)
-
-
-
Veneto Italy (1)
-
-
Serbia
-
Vojvodina Serbia (1)
-
-
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Allier France (1)
-
Alpes-de-Haute Provence France (1)
-
Alpes-Maritimes France (1)
-
Central Massif
-
Millevaches Plateau (1)
-
-
Dauphine Alps (1)
-
Dordogne France (1)
-
Drome France (1)
-
French Alps (2)
-
Haute-Loire France
-
Velay (1)
-
-
Hautes-Alpes France (1)
-
Isere France (1)
-
Limousin (2)
-
Lot France (1)
-
Monts du Lyonnais (1)
-
Var France (1)
-
-
Iceland
-
Hekla (1)
-
Katla (1)
-
Vatnajokull (1)
-
Vestmannaeyjar (1)
-
-
Ireland
-
Galway Ireland (2)
-
-
Maritime Alps (1)
-
Scandinavia
-
Norway
-
Jotunheim Mountains (1)
-
Nordland Norway
-
Lofoten Islands (1)
-
-
Southern Norway (1)
-
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
Cornwall England (2)
-
Devon England (1)
-
Dorset England (1)
-
Somerset England (1)
-
-
Scotland
-
Glasgow Scotland (1)
-
Scottish Highlands (1)
-
-
Wales (1)
-
-
Isle of Man (1)
-
-
-
-
Fall Line (1)
-
Front Range (10)
-
Grand Canyon (4)
-
Green River basin (1)
-
Guadalupe Mountains (4)
-
High Island (1)
-
James River (1)
-
Lake Mead (3)
-
Lake Nipissing (2)
-
Madison Range (1)
-
Mammoth Cave (1)
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
East Mediterranean
-
Adriatic Sea (1)
-
-
Pelagian Sea (1)
-
-
Mexico
-
Baja California Sur Mexico (1)
-
Coahuila Mexico (1)
-
Colorado River delta (1)
-
La Popa Basin (2)
-
Mexico state
-
Federal District Mexico
-
Mexico City Mexico (1)
-
-
Nevado de Toluca (1)
-
-
Nuevo Leon Mexico (1)
-
Popocatepetl (1)
-
Sabinas Basin (1)
-
Sierra Madre Oriental (1)
-
Sonora Mexico (2)
-
Trans-Mexican volcanic belt (1)
-
-
Mill Creek (1)
-
Mount Baker (1)
-
Mount Jefferson (1)
-
North America
-
Appalachian Basin (4)
-
Appalachians
-
Allegheny Mountains (1)
-
Appalachian Plateau (6)
-
Blue Ridge Province (23)
-
Catskill Mountains (2)
-
Central Appalachians (6)
-
Cumberland Plateau (1)
-
Piedmont
-
Inner Piedmont (5)
-
-
Southern Appalachians (6)
-
Valley and Ridge Province (13)
-
-
Basin and Range Province
-
Great Basin (9)
-
-
Belt Basin (1)
-
Canadian Shield
-
Superior Province
-
Quetico Belt (1)
-
Wabigoon Belt (1)
-
Wawa Belt (1)
-
-
-
Cerro Prieto Fault (1)
-
Coast plutonic complex (1)
-
Great Lakes
-
Lake Michigan (3)
-
-
Great Lakes region (1)
-
Great Plains (4)
-
Gulf Coastal Plain (3)
-
Keweenawan Rift (5)
-
Kootenay Arc (1)
-
Lake Superior region (4)
-
Niagara Escarpment (2)
-
North American Cordillera
-
Canadian Cordillera (2)
-
-
Peninsular Ranges Batholith (1)
-
Rio Grande Rift (1)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (5)
-
Northern Rocky Mountains (2)
-
Southern Rocky Mountains (1)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Bitterroot Range (1)
-
Gravelly Range (1)
-
Medicine Bow Mountains (1)
-
San Juan Mountains (1)
-
Sawatch Range (2)
-
Uinta Mountains (2)
-
Wasatch Range (2)
-
Wet Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Skagit Valley (2)
-
Slide Mountain Terrane (1)
-
Straight Creek Fault (1)
-
Western Interior
-
Western Interior Seaway (3)
-
-
Yukon-Tanana Terrane (1)
-
-
Northern Highlands (1)
-
Owens Valley (2)
-
Pacific Coast (3)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Monterey Canyon (1)
-
-
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Monterey Canyon (1)
-
-
Northwest Pacific (1)
-
-
West Pacific
-
Northwest Pacific (1)
-
-
-
Pasco Basin (1)
-
Permian Basin (1)
-
Pioneer Mountains (1)
-
Point Arena (1)
-
Puna (1)
-
Queen Charlotte Fault (1)
-
Quesnellia Terrane (1)
-
Red Hill (1)
-
River Mountains (1)
-
Ruby Mountains (2)
-
Ruby Range (1)
-
Sacramento Mountains (1)
-
Sacramento River (1)
-
Salmon River (1)
-
San Andreas Fault (11)
-
San Francisco Peninsula (1)
-
San Juan Islands (1)
-
Santa Catalina Island (1)
-
Santa Catalina Mountains (1)
-
Santa Cruz Island (1)
-
Santa Cruz Mountains (2)
-
Sierra Nevada (14)
-
Snake River (1)
-
Snake River canyon (1)
-
South America
-
Andes
-
Aconcagua (2)
-
Central Andes (2)
-
Patagonian Andes (1)
-
Southern Andes (2)
-
-
Argentina
-
Jujuy Argentina (1)
-
Neuquen Argentina (1)
-
Neuquen Basin (1)
-
Pampean Mountains (2)
-
-
Chile (2)
-
Patagonia
-
Patagonian Andes (1)
-
-
Precordillera (1)
-
-
Spring Mountains (3)
-
Twin Lakes (2)
-
United States
-
Alabama (6)
-
Alaska
-
Brooks Range (1)
-
Wrangell Mountains (1)
-
-
Allegheny Mountains (1)
-
Allegheny Plateau (3)
-
Arizona
-
Coconino County Arizona
-
Flagstaff Arizona (1)
-
Meteor Crater (2)
-
-
Gila County Arizona
-
Tonto Basin (1)
-
-
Mohave County Arizona (6)
-
Navajo County Arizona
-
Holbrook Arizona (1)
-
-
Petrified Forest National Park (1)
-
Pima County Arizona
-
Tucson Arizona (1)
-
-
Rincon Mountains (1)
-
San Francisco Peaks (2)
-
Yuma County Arizona (1)
-
-
Arkansas (2)
-
Atlantic Coastal Plain
-
Southern Atlantic Coastal Plain (1)
-
-
Book Cliffs (2)
-
Brevard Zone (1)
-
California
-
Alameda County California
-
Berkeley California (1)
-
-
Amador County California (1)
-
Calaveras Fault (2)
-
Central California (10)
-
Channel Islands (2)
-
Contra Costa County California (2)
-
Fresno County California
-
Fresno California (1)
-
-
Garlock Fault (2)
-
Hayward Fault (1)
-
Imperial County California (1)
-
Inyo County California
-
Inyo Mountains (1)
-
Panamint Range (1)
-
-
Lake County California (1)
-
Lassen County California (1)
-
Los Angeles County California
-
Los Angeles California (1)
-
Palmdale California (1)
-
Pasadena California (1)
-
San Fernando California (1)
-
-
Madera County California (1)
-
Marin County California
-
Point Reyes (1)
-
-
Mendocino County California (2)
-
Mono County California (1)
-
Monterey County California
-
Monterey California (1)
-
Parkfield California (1)
-
-
Nevada County California (1)
-
Northern California (6)
-
Rattlesnake Creek Terrane (1)
-
Riverside County California (1)
-
Sacramento County California
-
Sacramento California (1)
-
-
Salinian Block (1)
-
San Benito County California
-
Hollister California (1)
-
-
San Bernardino County California
-
Avawatz Mountains (1)
-
Cima volcanic field (1)
-
-
San Francisco Bay
-
San Pablo Bay (2)
-
-
San Francisco County California
-
San Francisco California (10)
-
-
San Gabriel Mountains (1)
-
San Joaquin Valley (1)
-
San Mateo County California (1)
-
Santa Barbara Channel (1)
-
Santa Barbara County California
-
Santa Barbara California (1)
-
-
Santa Clara County California (2)
-
Sierra Nevada Batholith (5)
-
Solano County California (1)
-
Sonoma County California (2)
-
Southern California (6)
-
Transverse Ranges (4)
-
Trinity Complex (1)
-
Yolla Bolly Terrane (2)
-
Yosemite National Park (3)
-
-
Carolina Terrane (1)
-
Chattahoochee River (1)
-
Chesapeake Bay (3)
-
Cincinnati Arch (5)
-
Colorado
-
Baca County Colorado (1)
-
Chaffee County Colorado (2)
-
Colorado mineral belt (1)
-
Douglas County Colorado (1)
-
El Paso County Colorado
-
Colorado Springs Colorado (1)
-
-
Elbert County Colorado (1)
-
Fremont County Colorado
-
Canon City Colorado (1)
-
-
Gunnison County Colorado (1)
-
Gunnison River (1)
-
Needle Mountains (1)
-
Saguache County Colorado (1)
-
San Juan volcanic field (2)
-
Sawatch Range (2)
-
Wet Mountains (1)
-
-
Colorado Plateau (15)
-
Columbia Plateau (7)
-
Connecticut (2)
-
Dan River basin (1)
-
Death Valley National Park (2)
-
Delaware
-
New Castle County Delaware (1)
-
-
Delaware Basin (2)
-
Delmarva Peninsula (1)
-
Denver Basin (2)
-
District of Columbia (5)
-
Eastern California shear zone (2)
-
Eastern U.S.
-
Northeastern U.S. (1)
-
Southeastern U.S. (1)
-
-
Florida
-
Florida Keys (1)
-
-
Georgia (3)
-
Gettysburg Basin (1)
-
Great Basin (9)
-
Great Smoky Fault (1)
-
Great Smoky Mountains (4)
-
Hayesville Fault (1)
-
Hayfork Terrane (1)
-
Hudson Valley (2)
-
Hueco Mountains (1)
-
Hurricane Fault (1)
-
Idaho
-
Bannock County Idaho (1)
-
Bannock Range (1)
-
Elmore County Idaho (1)
-
Idaho County Idaho (1)
-
Latah County Idaho (1)
-
Nez Perce County Idaho (1)
-
Snake River plain (7)
-
Twin Falls County Idaho (2)
-
-
Idaho Batholith (3)
-
Illinois
-
Cook County Illinois
-
Chicago Illinois (1)
-
-
Hardin County Illinois (1)
-
Saline County Illinois (1)
-
-
Illinois Basin (2)
-
Indiana
-
Gibson County Indiana (1)
-
Kentland impact structure (1)
-
Marion County Indiana (1)
-
Newton County Indiana (1)
-
Posey County Indiana (4)
-
Spencer County Indiana (1)
-
Vanderburgh County Indiana (2)
-
-
Iowa
-
Pottawattamie County Iowa (1)
-
-
Kentucky
-
Edmonson County Kentucky (1)
-
Jefferson County Kentucky
-
Louisville Kentucky (1)
-
-
Rowan County Kentucky (1)
-
-
Klamath Mountains (4)
-
Lewis and Clark Lineament (1)
-
Louisiana (2)
-
Maryland
-
Allegany County Maryland (1)
-
Baltimore County Maryland
-
Baltimore Maryland (3)
-
-
Calvert County Maryland (1)
-
Cecil County Maryland (1)
-
Harford County Maryland (1)
-
Montgomery County Maryland (1)
-
Prince Georges County Maryland (1)
-
Washington County Maryland (1)
-
-
Michigan
-
Michigan Lower Peninsula
-
Allegan County Michigan (1)
-
Eaton County Michigan (1)
-
Wayne County Michigan (1)
-
-
Michigan Upper Peninsula
-
Keweenaw Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
Midcontinent (2)
-
Midwest (3)
-
Minnesota
-
Cook County Minnesota (2)
-
Dakota County Minnesota (2)
-
Duluth Complex (2)
-
Goodhue County Minnesota (2)
-
Hennepin County Minnesota
-
Minneapolis Minnesota (1)
-
-
Lake County Minnesota (2)
-
Mesabi Range (1)
-
Minnesota River valley (4)
-
Nicollet County Minnesota (1)
-
Ramsey County Minnesota
-
Saint Paul Minnesota (1)
-
-
Saint Louis County Minnesota
-
Duluth Minnesota (1)
-
-
Scott County Minnesota (1)
-
Vermilion Range (1)
-
-
Mississippi River (1)
-
Mississippi Valley
-
Upper Mississippi Valley (3)
-
-
Missouri
-
Greene County Missouri
-
Springfield Missouri (2)
-
-
Saint Francois Mountains (1)
-
Taney County Missouri (1)
-
-
Missouri River (1)
-
Mojave Desert (3)
-
Montana
-
Gallatin County Montana
-
Hebgen Lake (1)
-
-
Granite County Montana (1)
-
Gravelly Range (1)
-
Jefferson County Montana (1)
-
Mineral County Montana (2)
-
Missoula County Montana (1)
-
-
Nashville Dome (1)
-
Nebraska
-
Antelope County Nebraska (1)
-
Douglas County Nebraska (1)
-
Knox County Nebraska (1)
-
Lancaster County Nebraska (1)
-
-
Nevada
-
Clark County Nevada (8)
-
Elko County Nevada
-
East Humboldt Range (2)
-
Independence Mountains (1)
-
-
Esmeralda County Nevada (1)
-
Eureka County Nevada (1)
-
Humboldt County Nevada (1)
-
Lincoln County Nevada (1)
-
Mineral County Nevada (1)
-
Nevada Test Site (1)
-
Nye County Nevada
-
Yucca Mountain (1)
-
-
Washoe County Nevada (1)
-
-
New Hampshire (1)
-
New Jersey (1)
-
New Madrid region (1)
-
New Mexico
-
Eddy County New Mexico
-
Carlsbad Caverns (1)
-
Lechuguilla Cave (1)
-
-
Picuris Range (1)
-
Taos County New Mexico
-
Questa Mine (1)
-
-
-
New York
-
Catskill Mountains (2)
-
Greene County New York (1)
-
New York City New York
-
Manhattan (1)
-
-
Ulster County New York (1)
-
-
North Carolina
-
Carteret County North Carolina
-
Beaufort North Carolina (1)
-
-
Lincoln County North Carolina (1)
-
Macon County North Carolina (1)
-
Wake County North Carolina (1)
-
-
North Dakota
-
Cass County North Dakota (1)
-
-
Ohio
-
Mahoning County Ohio (1)
-
Montgomery County Ohio (2)
-
Paulding County Ohio (1)
-
-
Ohio River (2)
-
Ohio River valley (2)
-
Oregon
-
Baker County Oregon (1)
-
Clackamas County Oregon (3)
-
Clatsop County Oregon (2)
-
Columbia County Oregon (1)
-
Coos County Oregon
-
Coos Bay (2)
-
-
Crook County Oregon (2)
-
Deschutes County Oregon
-
Newberry Volcano (1)
-
-
Gilliam County Oregon (1)
-
Grant County Oregon (1)
-
Harney County Oregon
-
Steens Mountain (1)
-
-
Hood River County Oregon (4)
-
Jackson County Oregon (1)
-
Jefferson County Oregon (1)
-
Josephine County Oregon (1)
-
Klamath County Oregon
-
Mount Mazama (1)
-
-
Lake County Oregon (3)
-
Lane County Oregon (2)
-
Lincoln County Oregon (2)
-
Mount Hood (3)
-
Multnomah County Oregon
-
Portland Oregon (1)
-
-
Tillamook County Oregon (1)
-
Umatilla County Oregon (1)
-
Union County Oregon (1)
-
Wallowa County Oregon (1)
-
Wallowa Mountains (1)
-
Willamette River (1)
-
Willamette Valley (3)
-
-
Ozark Mountains (6)
-
Pennsylvania
-
Adams County Pennsylvania (2)
-
Allegheny County Pennsylvania
-
Pittsburgh Pennsylvania (3)
-
-
Berks County Pennsylvania (1)
-
Blair County Pennsylvania (2)
-
Butler County Pennsylvania (2)
-
Cambria County Pennsylvania (2)
-
Carbon County Pennsylvania (1)
-
Chester County Pennsylvania (1)
-
Clinton County Pennsylvania (2)
-
Columbia County Pennsylvania (2)
-
Crawford County Pennsylvania (2)
-
Delaware County Pennsylvania (1)
-
Erie County Pennsylvania (1)
-
Huntingdon County Pennsylvania (1)
-
Lancaster County Pennsylvania (2)
-
Lawrence County Pennsylvania (1)
-
Lycoming County Pennsylvania (2)
-
Mercer County Pennsylvania (1)
-
Mifflin County Pennsylvania (1)
-
Northumberland County Pennsylvania (1)
-
Philadelphia County Pennsylvania
-
Philadelphia Pennsylvania (2)
-
-
Schuylkill County Pennsylvania (1)
-
Somerset County Pennsylvania (1)
-
Tioga County Pennsylvania (1)
-
Venango County Pennsylvania (2)
-
York County Pennsylvania (1)
-
-
Potomac River (3)
-
Reelfoot Rift (1)
-
Sabine Uplift (1)
-
Salisbury Embayment (1)
-
Sevier orogenic belt (3)
-
Shenandoah Valley (2)
-
South Carolina
-
Charleston County South Carolina
-
Charleston South Carolina (2)
-
-
-
South Dakota (1)
-
Southern U.S. (1)
-
Southwestern U.S. (2)
-
Susquehanna River (2)
-
Susquehanna River basin (1)
-
Talladega Front (1)
-
Tennessee
-
Blount County Tennessee (1)
-
Clay County Tennessee (1)
-
Hamilton County Tennessee (1)
-
Jackson County Tennessee (3)
-
Knox County Tennessee (4)
-
Loudon County Tennessee (1)
-
Monroe County Tennessee (1)
-
Reelfoot Lake (1)
-
Rhea County Tennessee (1)
-
Sequatchie County Tennessee (1)
-
Sequatchie Valley (1)
-
Shelby County Tennessee
-
Memphis Tennessee (1)
-
-
Washington County Tennessee (1)
-
-
Tennessee River (1)
-
Texas
-
Balcones fault zone (1)
-
Bastrop County Texas (2)
-
Bexar County Texas (1)
-
Brewster County Texas (1)
-
Dallas County Texas
-
Dallas Texas (1)
-
-
Denton County Texas (1)
-
East Texas Basin (1)
-
Edwards Plateau (1)
-
Galveston County Texas
-
Galveston Texas (1)
-
-
Loving County Texas (1)
-
Reeves County Texas (1)
-
San Marcos Arch (1)
-
Tarrant County Texas (1)
-
Ward County Texas (1)
-
West Texas (1)
-
Winkler County Texas (1)
-
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Bitterroot Range (1)
-
Gravelly Range (1)
-
Medicine Bow Mountains (1)
-
San Juan Mountains (1)
-
Sawatch Range (2)
-
Uinta Mountains (2)
-
Wasatch Range (2)
-
Wet Mountains (1)
-
-
Uinta Basin (1)
-
Uncompahgre Uplift (1)
-
Utah
-
Arches National Park (1)
-
Bingham mining district (1)
-
Box Elder County Utah (1)
-
Emery County Utah (1)
-
Garfield County Utah (2)
-
Grand County Utah
-
Moab Utah (1)
-
-
Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (1)
-
Great Salt Lake (1)
-
Henry Mountains (1)
-
Juab County Utah (1)
-
Kaiparowits Plateau (1)
-
Kane County Utah (1)
-
Salt Lake County Utah
-
Salt Lake City Utah (1)
-
-
San Rafael Swell (3)
-
Tintic mining district (1)
-
Tooele County Utah (2)
-
Washington County Utah (1)
-
Wayne County Utah (1)
-
-
Virginia
-
Bath County Virginia (1)
-
Fairfax County Virginia (2)
-
Highland County Virginia (1)
-
Orange County Virginia (1)
-
Pittsylvania County Virginia (1)
-
Rockingham County Virginia (1)
-
Shenandoah National Park (1)
-
-
Wabash Valley (3)
-
Walker Lane (3)
-
Wasatch fault zone (2)
-
Wasatch Front (1)
-
Washington
-
Chelan County Washington (1)
-
Clark County Washington
-
Vancouver Washington (1)
-
-
Cowlitz County Washington (1)
-
Franklin County Washington (1)
-
Grant County Washington (1)
-
Grays Harbor County Washington (1)
-
King County Washington
-
Seattle Washington (1)
-
-
Kittitas County Washington (1)
-
Okanogan County Washington
-
Methow River valley (1)
-
-
Pacific County Washington (2)
-
Puget Lowland (5)
-
San Juan County Washington (1)
-
Seattle Fault (1)
-
Skagit County Washington (1)
-
Skamania County Washington
-
Mount Saint Helens (2)
-
-
Toutle River (1)
-
Wahkiakum County Washington (1)
-
Whatcom County Washington (1)
-
-
West Virginia
-
Grant County West Virginia (1)
-
Monongalia County West Virginia (1)
-
Pendleton County West Virginia (1)
-
Preston County West Virginia (1)
-
Tucker County West Virginia (1)
-
-
Western U.S. (3)
-
Wisconsin
-
Pierce County Wisconsin (1)
-
Sauk County Wisconsin
-
Baraboo Wisconsin (2)
-
-
-
Wyoming (4)
-
Yavapai Province (1)
-
Yellowstone National Park (1)
-
-
USSR (1)
-
Verde Valley (1)
-
White Mountains (1)
-
-
commodities
-
aggregate (1)
-
bitumens
-
asphalt (1)
-
-
clay deposits (1)
-
coal deposits (2)
-
construction materials
-
building stone (10)
-
crushed stone (1)
-
dimension stone (3)
-
-
fluorspar deposits (2)
-
geothermal energy (3)
-
granite deposits (1)
-
limestone deposits (3)
-
marble deposits (3)
-
metal ores
-
base metals (1)
-
copper ores (4)
-
gold ores (7)
-
iron ores (4)
-
lead ores (2)
-
lead-zinc deposits (1)
-
molybdenum ores (2)
-
polymetallic ores (2)
-
silver ores (1)
-
tin ores (1)
-
tungsten ores (1)
-
uranium ores (1)
-
zinc ores (3)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (9)
-
mineral exploration (2)
-
mineral resources (4)
-
oil and gas fields (3)
-
ornamental materials (1)
-
petroleum
-
natural gas (6)
-
-
phosphate deposits (1)
-
placers (1)
-
salt deposits (1)
-
talc deposits (1)
-
water resources (3)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (5)
-
C-14 (10)
-
organic carbon (1)
-
-
halogens
-
chlorine
-
chloride ion (1)
-
Cl-36 (1)
-
-
-
isotope ratios (8)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Al-26 (1)
-
Be-10 (3)
-
C-14 (10)
-
Cl-36 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (5)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (2)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
-
-
large-ion lithophile elements (2)
-
metals
-
alkali metals
-
potassium (1)
-
sodium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
beryllium
-
Be-10 (3)
-
-
calcium (3)
-
magnesium (1)
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
-
-
aluminum
-
Al-26 (1)
-
-
arsenic (1)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
-
-
-
nitrogen
-
organic nitrogen (1)
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (2)
-
-
phosphorus (1)
-
-
fossils
-
borings (1)
-
burrows (3)
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Agnatha (1)
-
Pisces
-
Osteichthyes (1)
-
-
Tetrapoda
-
Aves (3)
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Artiodactyla
-
Ruminantia
-
Tylopoda
-
Camelidae (1)
-
-
-
-
Carnivora
-
Fissipeda
-
Canidae (1)
-
Felidae
-
Smilodon (1)
-
-
-
-
Chiroptera (1)
-
Lagomorpha (1)
-
Perissodactyla
-
Ceratomorpha
-
Rhinocerotidae
-
Rhinoceros (1)
-
-
-
Hippomorpha
-
Equidae (2)
-
-
-
Proboscidea
-
Elephantoidea
-
Elephantidae
-
Mammuthus (2)
-
-
-
-
Rodentia (1)
-
-
-
-
Reptilia
-
Anapsida
-
Testudines
-
Chelonia (1)
-
-
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
Crocodilia (1)
-
dinosaurs
-
Ornithischia
-
Ornithopoda (1)
-
-
Saurischia
-
Theropoda (2)
-
-
-
-
Lepidosauria
-
Squamata
-
Lacertilia
-
Mosasauridae (1)
-
-
-
-
Sauropterygia
-
Plesiosauria (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
coprolites (1)
-
ichnofossils
-
Skolithos (1)
-
-
Invertebrata
-
Archaeocyatha (1)
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Insecta (1)
-
-
Trilobitomorpha
-
Trilobita (2)
-
-
-
Brachiopoda
-
Articulata
-
Pentamerida (1)
-
-
-
Bryozoa (2)
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa (3)
-
-
Echinodermata
-
Crinozoa
-
Crinoidea (1)
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia (1)
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea (1)
-
-
Gastropoda (1)
-
-
Porifera (1)
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera (4)
-
Radiolaria (1)
-
-
-
microfossils
-
Conodonta (5)
-
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (1)
-
miospores
-
pollen (2)
-
-
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
nannofossils (1)
-
-
Pteridophyta
-
Lycopsida
-
Lepidodendron (1)
-
-
-
-
tracks (5)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (1)
-
Ar/Ar (6)
-
exposure age (6)
-
fission-track dating (1)
-
K/Ar (3)
-
optically stimulated luminescence (7)
-
paleomagnetism (12)
-
Sm/Nd (2)
-
tephrochronology (3)
-
thermochronology (4)
-
tree rings (2)
-
U/Pb (25)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
middle Cenozoic (1)
-
Quaternary
-
Cordilleran ice sheet (6)
-
Holocene
-
lower Holocene (3)
-
middle Holocene (1)
-
upper Holocene (4)
-
-
Mazama Ash (1)
-
Pleistocene
-
Illinoian (4)
-
Irvingtonian (2)
-
Lake Agassiz (3)
-
Lake Lahontan (1)
-
Lake Missoula (7)
-
Loveland Loess (1)
-
lower Pleistocene (2)
-
Matuyama Chron (1)
-
middle Pleistocene (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Sangamonian (1)
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Allerod (1)
-
Younger Dryas (2)
-
-
-
Wisconsinan
-
Lavery Till (1)
-
upper Wisconsinan
-
Fraser Glaciation (2)
-
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary
-
Brunhes Chron (1)
-
Bull Lake Glaciation (1)
-
Pinedale Glaciation (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Challis Volcanics (2)
-
John Day Formation (1)
-
Neogene
-
Furnace Creek Formation (1)
-
Miocene
-
Ash Hollow Formation (1)
-
Calvert Formation (1)
-
Clarendonian (1)
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (15)
-
Grande Ronde Basalt (3)
-
middle Miocene
-
Choptank Formation (1)
-
Luisian (1)
-
-
Mohnian (1)
-
Saddle Mountains Basalt (3)
-
Saint Marys Formation (1)
-
upper Miocene
-
Santa Cruz Mudstone (1)
-
-
Valentine Formation (1)
-
Wanapum Basalt (2)
-
-
Ogallala Formation (1)
-
Pliocene
-
upper Pliocene (1)
-
-
Ringold Formation (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Calvert Bluff Formation (2)
-
Claron Formation (2)
-
Duchesne River Formation (2)
-
Eocene
-
Absaroka Supergroup (1)
-
Annot Sandstone (1)
-
Bridger Formation (1)
-
Chumstick Formation (2)
-
Clarno Formation (1)
-
Green River Formation (2)
-
lower Eocene
-
Aquia Formation (2)
-
-
Matilija Formation (1)
-
middle Eocene
-
Carrizo Sand (2)
-
Claiborne Group (1)
-
Queen City Formation (1)
-
Sparta Sand (1)
-
Tyee Formation (4)
-
-
Swauk Formation (3)
-
upper Eocene
-
Uinta Formation (1)
-
-
-
Oligocene (9)
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
Danian (1)
-
K-T boundary (2)
-
-
middle Paleocene
-
Selandian (1)
-
-
upper Paleocene
-
Thanetian (1)
-
-
-
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (1)
-
Wilcox Group (1)
-
-
upper Tertiary (1)
-
-
upper Cenozoic (4)
-
-
Dalradian (1)
-
Lake Bonneville (5)
-
Laurentide ice sheet (5)
-
Mesozoic
-
Condrey Mountain Schist (2)
-
Cretaceous
-
Comanchean
-
Edwards Formation (1)
-
-
Dakota Formation (3)
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Burro Canyon Formation (1)
-
Cedar Mountain Formation (2)
-
Edwards Formation (1)
-
-
Mancos Shale (6)
-
Middle Cretaceous (3)
-
Natih Formation (1)
-
Potomac Group (2)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Blackhawk Formation (1)
-
Campanian
-
lower Campanian (1)
-
-
Castlegate Sandstone (1)
-
Cenomanian (2)
-
Eutaw Formation (1)
-
Ferron Sandstone Member (1)
-
Greenhorn Limestone (1)
-
Gulfian
-
Austin Group (1)
-
Eagle Ford Formation (1)
-
Woodbine Formation (1)
-
-
Kaiparowits Formation (1)
-
K-T boundary (2)
-
Laramie Formation (1)
-
Maestrichtian (1)
-
Mesaverde Group (2)
-
Santonian (1)
-
Senonian (1)
-
Straight Cliffs Formation (1)
-
Tropic Shale (1)
-
Tuolumne Intrusive Suite (5)
-
Tuscaloosa Formation (1)
-
Wahweap Formation (1)
-
-
-
Franciscan Complex (5)
-
Great Valley Sequence (2)
-
Jurassic
-
Aztec Sandstone (4)
-
Carmel Formation (3)
-
Lower Jurassic (1)
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Summerville Formation (2)
-
-
Smartville Complex (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Brushy Basin Member (1)
-
Entrada Sandstone (1)
-
Galice Formation (1)
-
Josephine Ophiolite (2)
-
Morrison Formation (4)
-
-
-
Kayenta Formation (1)
-
Murihiku Supergroup (1)
-
Navajo Sandstone (4)
-
Orocopia Schist (3)
-
Triassic
-
Moenkopi Formation (3)
-
Montney Formation (1)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Chinle Formation (4)
-
-
-
Wingate Sandstone (1)
-
-
MIS 2 (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Acadian (2)
-
Bonanza King Formation (1)
-
Conasauga Group (1)
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Chilhowee Group (1)
-
Poleta Formation (1)
-
Rome Formation (1)
-
Zabriskie Quartzite (1)
-
-
Middle Cambrian
-
Bright Angel Shale (2)
-
Flathead Sandstone (1)
-
-
Tapeats Sandstone (1)
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Nopah Formation (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (1)
-
-
Mississippian
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Cuyahoga Formation (1)
-
Fort Payne Formation (1)
-
Osagian
-
Burlington Limestone (1)
-
Keokuk Limestone (1)
-
-
Pocono Formation (3)
-
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean (1)
-
-
Price Formation (1)
-
Redwall Limestone (1)
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Mauch Chunk Formation (4)
-
Meramecian
-
Salem Limestone (2)
-
-
-
Valmeyeran (1)
-
-
Namurian (1)
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Conemaugh Group (3)
-
Lower Pennsylvanian (1)
-
Mansfield Formation (1)
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Allegheny Group (4)
-
Paradox Formation (1)
-
-
Monongahela Group (2)
-
Pittsburgh Coal (1)
-
Pottsville Group (4)
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Ames Limestone (1)
-
Glenshaw Formation (2)
-
-
-
-
Catskill Formation (3)
-
Chattanooga Shale (2)
-
Devonian
-
Guilmette Formation (1)
-
Lower Devonian (1)
-
Middle Devonian
-
Hamilton Group (1)
-
Mahantango Formation (1)
-
Marcellus Shale (2)
-
Onondaga Limestone (1)
-
-
Millboro Shale (1)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Brallier Shale (1)
-
Chemung Formation (1)
-
Cleveland Member (1)
-
Hampshire Formation (4)
-
Jefferson Group (1)
-
Ohio Shale (1)
-
-
-
Dunkard Group (3)
-
Hartland Formation (2)
-
Helderberg Group (2)
-
Honaker Trail Formation (1)
-
Keyser Limestone (2)
-
Knox Group (2)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Ashe Formation (1)
-
Chopawamsic Formation (1)
-
Conococheague Formation (2)
-
Wilmington Complex (2)
-
-
Ordovician
-
Chickamauga Group (1)
-
Lexington Limestone (1)
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Ellenburger Group (1)
-
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Galena Dolomite (1)
-
Platteville Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Cincinnatian (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Castile Formation (1)
-
Cutler Formation (1)
-
Guadalupian
-
Brushy Canyon Formation (1)
-
-
Kaibab Formation (2)
-
Lyons Sandstone (1)
-
Park City Formation (1)
-
Toroweap Formation (1)
-
Upper Permian (1)
-
-
Sauk Sequence (1)
-
Shoo Fly Complex (1)
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Brassfield Formation (1)
-
Llandovery (1)
-
Tuscarora Formation (1)
-
Wenlock (1)
-
-
Middle Silurian
-
McKenzie Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Silurian
-
Cayugan
-
Tonoloway Limestone (1)
-
-
Salina Group (1)
-
-
-
Talladega Group (1)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Fountain Formation (2)
-
-
Wissahickon Formation (3)
-
-
Phanerozoic (2)
-
Precambrian
-
Animikie Group (1)
-
Archean
-
Neoarchean (1)
-
Paleoarchean (1)
-
-
Baltimore Gneiss (2)
-
Biwabik Iron Formation (1)
-
Catoctin Formation (3)
-
Johnnie Formation (1)
-
Kingston Peak Formation (1)
-
Noonday Dolomite (1)
-
North Shore Volcanics (3)
-
Purcell System (1)
-
Stirling Quartzite (1)
-
Uinta Mountain Group (2)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Algonkian
-
Baraboo Quartzite (1)
-
-
Keweenawan (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Belt Supergroup (5)
-
Fordham Gneiss (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (1)
-
Ediacaran (2)
-
Lynchburg Formation (2)
-
Sturtian (3)
-
Vendian (1)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Virginia Formation (1)
-
-
Pocatello Formation (2)
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
granophyre (1)
-
peperite (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (4)
-
diabase (2)
-
diorites
-
tonalite (5)
-
-
gabbros
-
troctolite (1)
-
-
granites
-
aplite (1)
-
leucogranite (1)
-
-
granodiorites (3)
-
monzodiorite (1)
-
monzonites (1)
-
pegmatite (2)
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites
-
dunite (1)
-
harzburgite (1)
-
-
-
-
porphyry (1)
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (1)
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
alkali olivine basalt (1)
-
-
columnar basalt (1)
-
flood basalts (11)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (1)
-
ocean-island basalts (1)
-
tholeiite (1)
-
-
dacites (1)
-
glasses
-
obsidian (1)
-
-
pyroclastics
-
hyaloclastite (1)
-
ignimbrite (3)
-
pumice (2)
-
rhyolite tuff (1)
-
scoria (1)
-
tuff (6)
-
-
rhyodacites (1)
-
rhyolites (7)
-
-
-
ophiolite (6)
-
volcanic ash (4)
-
wehrlite (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (6)
-
cataclasites (2)
-
eclogite (2)
-
gneisses
-
augen gneiss (1)
-
biotite gneiss (1)
-
orthogneiss (4)
-
paragneiss (2)
-
-
granulites (2)
-
impactites
-
impact breccia (3)
-
-
marbles (5)
-
metacarbonate rocks (1)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metagabbro (1)
-
metaperidotite (2)
-
serpentinite (1)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
paragneiss (2)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
serpentinite (1)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (2)
-
migmatites
-
anatexite (1)
-
-
mylonites
-
pseudotachylite (3)
-
ultramylonite (1)
-
-
quartzites (2)
-
schists
-
blueschist (3)
-
greenschist (1)
-
-
-
ophiolite (6)
-
turbidite (4)
-
-
minerals
-
carbonates
-
aragonite (1)
-
calcite (2)
-
dolomite (3)
-
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
halite (1)
-
-
-
phosphates
-
monazite (2)
-
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
hornblende (1)
-
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
plagioclase (1)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
garnet group (2)
-
sillimanite (1)
-
staurolite (1)
-
zircon group
-
zircon (23)
-
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
mica group
-
biotite (1)
-
glauconite (1)
-
muscovite (1)
-
-
-
-
sulfides
-
chalcocite (1)
-
cinnabar (1)
-
-
wehrlite (1)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (41)
-
academic institutions (1)
-
Africa
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Tunisia (1)
-
-
Southern Africa
-
South Africa
-
Free State South Africa
-
Vredefort Dome (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Beaufort Sea (1)
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Oman
-
Oman Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Far East
-
Burma (1)
-
China
-
Guizhou China (1)
-
Nanpanjiang Basin (1)
-
South China Block (1)
-
-
-
Himalayas (1)
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India (2)
-
Jammu and Kashmir
-
Ladakh (1)
-
-
Pakistan (1)
-
-
-
associations (10)
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
Mid-Atlantic Ridge (1)
-
North Atlantic
-
Great Bahama Bank (1)
-
Little Bahama Bank (1)
-
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
South Australia
-
Adelaide Australia (1)
-
-
-
-
biography (3)
-
bitumens
-
asphalt (1)
-
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Ontario
-
Ottawa Ontario (1)
-
Sudbury Structure (1)
-
Thunder Bay District Ontario (1)
-
-
Quebec
-
Beauce County Quebec (1)
-
Sherbrooke County Quebec (1)
-
Thetford Mines (1)
-
-
-
Stikinia Terrane (1)
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta (5)
-
British Columbia
-
Mount Meager (2)
-
Vancouver British Columbia (4)
-
Vancouver Island (1)
-
-
Canadian Cordillera (2)
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (5)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (5)
-
C-14 (10)
-
organic carbon (1)
-
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
-
Antilles
-
Lesser Antilles
-
Guadeloupe (1)
-
Martinique (1)
-
-
-
-
-
catalogs (1)
-
Cenozoic
-
middle Cenozoic (1)
-
Quaternary
-
Cordilleran ice sheet (6)
-
Holocene
-
lower Holocene (3)
-
middle Holocene (1)
-
upper Holocene (4)
-
-
Mazama Ash (1)
-
Pleistocene
-
Illinoian (4)
-
Irvingtonian (2)
-
Lake Agassiz (3)
-
Lake Lahontan (1)
-
Lake Missoula (7)
-
Loveland Loess (1)
-
lower Pleistocene (2)
-
Matuyama Chron (1)
-
middle Pleistocene (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Sangamonian (1)
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Allerod (1)
-
Younger Dryas (2)
-
-
-
Wisconsinan
-
Lavery Till (1)
-
upper Wisconsinan
-
Fraser Glaciation (2)
-
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary
-
Brunhes Chron (1)
-
Bull Lake Glaciation (1)
-
Pinedale Glaciation (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Challis Volcanics (2)
-
John Day Formation (1)
-
Neogene
-
Furnace Creek Formation (1)
-
Miocene
-
Ash Hollow Formation (1)
-
Calvert Formation (1)
-
Clarendonian (1)
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (15)
-
Grande Ronde Basalt (3)
-
middle Miocene
-
Choptank Formation (1)
-
Luisian (1)
-
-
Mohnian (1)
-
Saddle Mountains Basalt (3)
-
Saint Marys Formation (1)
-
upper Miocene
-
Santa Cruz Mudstone (1)
-
-
Valentine Formation (1)
-
Wanapum Basalt (2)
-
-
Ogallala Formation (1)
-
Pliocene
-
upper Pliocene (1)
-
-
Ringold Formation (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Calvert Bluff Formation (2)
-
Claron Formation (2)
-
Duchesne River Formation (2)
-
Eocene
-
Absaroka Supergroup (1)
-
Annot Sandstone (1)
-
Bridger Formation (1)
-
Chumstick Formation (2)
-
Clarno Formation (1)
-
Green River Formation (2)
-
lower Eocene
-
Aquia Formation (2)
-
-
Matilija Formation (1)
-
middle Eocene
-
Carrizo Sand (2)
-
Claiborne Group (1)
-
Queen City Formation (1)
-
Sparta Sand (1)
-
Tyee Formation (4)
-
-
Swauk Formation (3)
-
upper Eocene
-
Uinta Formation (1)
-
-
-
Oligocene (9)
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
Danian (1)
-
K-T boundary (2)
-
-
middle Paleocene
-
Selandian (1)
-
-
upper Paleocene
-
Thanetian (1)
-
-
-
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (1)
-
Wilcox Group (1)
-
-
upper Tertiary (1)
-
-
upper Cenozoic (4)
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Agnatha (1)
-
Pisces
-
Osteichthyes (1)
-
-
Tetrapoda
-
Aves (3)
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Artiodactyla
-
Ruminantia
-
Tylopoda
-
Camelidae (1)
-
-
-
-
Carnivora
-
Fissipeda
-
Canidae (1)
-
Felidae
-
Smilodon (1)
-
-
-
-
Chiroptera (1)
-
Lagomorpha (1)
-
Perissodactyla
-
Ceratomorpha
-
Rhinocerotidae
-
Rhinoceros (1)
-
-
-
Hippomorpha
-
Equidae (2)
-
-
-
Proboscidea
-
Elephantoidea
-
Elephantidae
-
Mammuthus (2)
-
-
-
-
Rodentia (1)
-
-
-
-
Reptilia
-
Anapsida
-
Testudines
-
Chelonia (1)
-
-
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
Crocodilia (1)
-
dinosaurs
-
Ornithischia
-
Ornithopoda (1)
-
-
Saurischia
-
Theropoda (2)
-
-
-
-
Lepidosauria
-
Squamata
-
Lacertilia
-
Mosasauridae (1)
-
-
-
-
Sauropterygia
-
Plesiosauria (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
clay deposits (1)
-
clay mineralogy (1)
-
climate change (12)
-
coal deposits (2)
-
conservation (5)
-
construction materials
-
building stone (10)
-
crushed stone (1)
-
dimension stone (3)
-
-
coprolites (1)
-
crust (12)
-
crystal growth (1)
-
dams (4)
-
data processing (7)
-
deformation (43)
-
diagenesis (6)
-
Earth (1)
-
earthquakes (40)
-
ecology (4)
-
economic geology (1)
-
education (28)
-
engineering geology (2)
-
epeirogeny (2)
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
Eastern Alps
-
Dolomites (1)
-
-
French Alps (2)
-
Western Alps
-
Dauphine Alps (1)
-
Maritime Alps (1)
-
-
-
Carpathians
-
Western Carpathians (1)
-
-
Central Europe
-
Austria
-
Tyrol Austria (1)
-
-
Czech Republic (1)
-
Germany (1)
-
Slovakia (1)
-
Switzerland (1)
-
-
Danube River (1)
-
Jura Mountains (1)
-
Pyrenees (12)
-
Southern Europe
-
Bulgaria (1)
-
Greece (1)
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Iberian Massif (1)
-
Spain
-
Aragon Spain
-
Saragossa Spain (1)
-
Teruel Spain (2)
-
-
Asturias Spain (1)
-
Cantabrian Mountains (1)
-
Castile Spain
-
New Castile Spain (2)
-
-
Castilla-La Mancha Spain
-
Cuenca Spain (2)
-
-
Iberian Mountains (5)
-
Maestrazgo Spain (1)
-
Valencia region
-
Castellon Spain
-
Castellon de la Plana City Spain (2)
-
-
-
-
-
Italy
-
Apennines (2)
-
Apulia Italy
-
Gargano (1)
-
-
Campania Italy
-
Phlegraean Fields (1)
-
Vesuvius (1)
-
-
Sicily Italy
-
Mount Etna (1)
-
-
Umbria Italy
-
Perugia Italy
-
Gubbio Italy (1)
-
-
-
Veneto Italy (1)
-
-
Serbia
-
Vojvodina Serbia (1)
-
-
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Allier France (1)
-
Alpes-de-Haute Provence France (1)
-
Alpes-Maritimes France (1)
-
Central Massif
-
Millevaches Plateau (1)
-
-
Dauphine Alps (1)
-
Dordogne France (1)
-
Drome France (1)
-
French Alps (2)
-
Haute-Loire France
-
Velay (1)
-
-
Hautes-Alpes France (1)
-
Isere France (1)
-
Limousin (2)
-
Lot France (1)
-
Monts du Lyonnais (1)
-
Var France (1)
-
-
Iceland
-
Hekla (1)
-
Katla (1)
-
Vatnajokull (1)
-
Vestmannaeyjar (1)
-
-
Ireland
-
Galway Ireland (2)
-
-
Maritime Alps (1)
-
Scandinavia
-
Norway
-
Jotunheim Mountains (1)
-
Nordland Norway
-
Lofoten Islands (1)
-
-
Southern Norway (1)
-
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
Cornwall England (2)
-
Devon England (1)
-
Dorset England (1)
-
Somerset England (1)
-
-
Scotland
-
Glasgow Scotland (1)
-
Scottish Highlands (1)
-
-
Wales (1)
-
-
Isle of Man (1)
-
-
-
-
explosions (3)
-
faults (130)
-
fluorspar deposits (2)
-
folds (44)
-
foliation (13)
-
foundations (2)
-
fractures (15)
-
geochemistry (21)
-
geochronology (20)
-
geology (22)
-
geomorphology (57)
-
geophysical methods (7)
-
geosynclines (3)
-
geothermal energy (3)
-
glacial geology (15)
-
government agencies
-
survey organizations (1)
-
-
granite deposits (1)
-
ground water (24)
-
hydrogeology (3)
-
hydrology (27)
-
ichnofossils
-
Skolithos (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
granophyre (1)
-
peperite (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (4)
-
diabase (2)
-
diorites
-
tonalite (5)
-
-
gabbros
-
troctolite (1)
-
-
granites
-
aplite (1)
-
leucogranite (1)
-
-
granodiorites (3)
-
monzodiorite (1)
-
monzonites (1)
-
pegmatite (2)
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites
-
dunite (1)
-
harzburgite (1)
-
-
-
-
porphyry (1)
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (1)
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
alkali olivine basalt (1)
-
-
columnar basalt (1)
-
flood basalts (11)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (1)
-
ocean-island basalts (1)
-
tholeiite (1)
-
-
dacites (1)
-
glasses
-
obsidian (1)
-
-
pyroclastics
-
hyaloclastite (1)
-
ignimbrite (3)
-
pumice (2)
-
rhyolite tuff (1)
-
scoria (1)
-
tuff (6)
-
-
rhyodacites (1)
-
rhyolites (7)
-
-
-
inclusions (7)
-
intrusions (54)
-
Invertebrata
-
Archaeocyatha (1)
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Insecta (1)
-
-
Trilobitomorpha
-
Trilobita (2)
-
-
-
Brachiopoda
-
Articulata
-
Pentamerida (1)
-
-
-
Bryozoa (2)
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa (3)
-
-
Echinodermata
-
Crinozoa
-
Crinoidea (1)
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia (1)
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea (1)
-
-
Gastropoda (1)
-
-
Porifera (1)
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera (4)
-
Radiolaria (1)
-
-
-
isostasy (1)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Al-26 (1)
-
Be-10 (3)
-
C-14 (10)
-
Cl-36 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (5)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (2)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
-
-
land use (9)
-
lava (7)
-
limestone deposits (3)
-
lineation (1)
-
magmas (15)
-
mantle (5)
-
maps (1)
-
marble deposits (3)
-
marine geology (2)
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
East Mediterranean
-
Adriatic Sea (1)
-
-
Pelagian Sea (1)
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Condrey Mountain Schist (2)
-
Cretaceous
-
Comanchean
-
Edwards Formation (1)
-
-
Dakota Formation (3)
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Burro Canyon Formation (1)
-
Cedar Mountain Formation (2)
-
Edwards Formation (1)
-
-
Mancos Shale (6)
-
Middle Cretaceous (3)
-
Natih Formation (1)
-
Potomac Group (2)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Blackhawk Formation (1)
-
Campanian
-
lower Campanian (1)
-
-
Castlegate Sandstone (1)
-
Cenomanian (2)
-
Eutaw Formation (1)
-
Ferron Sandstone Member (1)
-
Greenhorn Limestone (1)
-
Gulfian
-
Austin Group (1)
-
Eagle Ford Formation (1)
-
Woodbine Formation (1)
-
-
Kaiparowits Formation (1)
-
K-T boundary (2)
-
Laramie Formation (1)
-
Maestrichtian (1)
-
Mesaverde Group (2)
-
Santonian (1)
-
Senonian (1)
-
Straight Cliffs Formation (1)
-
Tropic Shale (1)
-
Tuolumne Intrusive Suite (5)
-
Tuscaloosa Formation (1)
-
Wahweap Formation (1)
-
-
-
Franciscan Complex (5)
-
Great Valley Sequence (2)
-
Jurassic
-
Aztec Sandstone (4)
-
Carmel Formation (3)
-
Lower Jurassic (1)
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Summerville Formation (2)
-
-
Smartville Complex (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Brushy Basin Member (1)
-
Entrada Sandstone (1)
-
Galice Formation (1)
-
Josephine Ophiolite (2)
-
Morrison Formation (4)
-
-
-
Kayenta Formation (1)
-
Murihiku Supergroup (1)
-
Navajo Sandstone (4)
-
Orocopia Schist (3)
-
Triassic
-
Moenkopi Formation (3)
-
Montney Formation (1)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Chinle Formation (4)
-
-
-
Wingate Sandstone (1)
-
-
metal ores
-
base metals (1)
-
copper ores (4)
-
gold ores (7)
-
iron ores (4)
-
lead ores (2)
-
lead-zinc deposits (1)
-
molybdenum ores (2)
-
polymetallic ores (2)
-
silver ores (1)
-
tin ores (1)
-
tungsten ores (1)
-
uranium ores (1)
-
zinc ores (3)
-
-
metals
-
alkali metals
-
potassium (1)
-
sodium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
beryllium
-
Be-10 (3)
-
-
calcium (3)
-
magnesium (1)
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
-
-
aluminum
-
Al-26 (1)
-
-
arsenic (1)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
-
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (6)
-
cataclasites (2)
-
eclogite (2)
-
gneisses
-
augen gneiss (1)
-
biotite gneiss (1)
-
orthogneiss (4)
-
paragneiss (2)
-
-
granulites (2)
-
impactites
-
impact breccia (3)
-
-
marbles (5)
-
metacarbonate rocks (1)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metagabbro (1)
-
metaperidotite (2)
-
serpentinite (1)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
paragneiss (2)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
serpentinite (1)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (2)
-
migmatites
-
anatexite (1)
-
-
mylonites
-
pseudotachylite (3)
-
ultramylonite (1)
-
-
quartzites (2)
-
schists
-
blueschist (3)
-
greenschist (1)
-
-
-
metamorphism (33)
-
metasomatism (6)
-
Mexico
-
Baja California Sur Mexico (1)
-
Coahuila Mexico (1)
-
Colorado River delta (1)
-
La Popa Basin (2)
-
Mexico state
-
Federal District Mexico
-
Mexico City Mexico (1)
-
-
Nevado de Toluca (1)
-
-
Nuevo Leon Mexico (1)
-
Popocatepetl (1)
-
Sabinas Basin (1)
-
Sierra Madre Oriental (1)
-
Sonora Mexico (2)
-
Trans-Mexican volcanic belt (1)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (9)
-
mineral exploration (2)
-
mineral resources (4)
-
mineralogy (2)
-
mining geology (3)
-
Moon (1)
-
museums (1)
-
nitrogen
-
organic nitrogen (1)
-
-
North America
-
Appalachian Basin (4)
-
Appalachians
-
Allegheny Mountains (1)
-
Appalachian Plateau (6)
-
Blue Ridge Province (23)
-
Catskill Mountains (2)
-
Central Appalachians (6)
-
Cumberland Plateau (1)
-
Piedmont
-
Inner Piedmont (5)
-
-
Southern Appalachians (6)
-
Valley and Ridge Province (13)
-
-
Basin and Range Province
-
Great Basin (9)
-
-
Belt Basin (1)
-
Canadian Shield
-
Superior Province
-
Quetico Belt (1)
-
Wabigoon Belt (1)
-
Wawa Belt (1)
-
-
-
Cerro Prieto Fault (1)
-
Coast plutonic complex (1)
-
Great Lakes
-
Lake Michigan (3)
-
-
Great Lakes region (1)
-
Great Plains (4)
-
Gulf Coastal Plain (3)
-
Keweenawan Rift (5)
-
Kootenay Arc (1)
-
Lake Superior region (4)
-
Niagara Escarpment (2)
-
North American Cordillera
-
Canadian Cordillera (2)
-
-
Peninsular Ranges Batholith (1)
-
Rio Grande Rift (1)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (5)
-
Northern Rocky Mountains (2)
-
Southern Rocky Mountains (1)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Bitterroot Range (1)
-
Gravelly Range (1)
-
Medicine Bow Mountains (1)
-
San Juan Mountains (1)
-
Sawatch Range (2)
-
Uinta Mountains (2)
-
Wasatch Range (2)
-
Wet Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Skagit Valley (2)
-
Slide Mountain Terrane (1)
-
Straight Creek Fault (1)
-
Western Interior
-
Western Interior Seaway (3)
-
-
Yukon-Tanana Terrane (1)
-
-
ocean circulation (1)
-
oceanography (1)
-
oil and gas fields (3)
-
orogeny (18)
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (2)
-
-
Pacific Coast (3)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Monterey Canyon (1)
-
-
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Monterey Canyon (1)
-
-
Northwest Pacific (1)
-
-
West Pacific
-
Northwest Pacific (1)
-
-
-
paleoclimatology (22)
-
paleoecology (11)
-
paleogeography (26)
-
paleomagnetism (12)
-
paleontology (3)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Acadian (2)
-
Bonanza King Formation (1)
-
Conasauga Group (1)
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Chilhowee Group (1)
-
Poleta Formation (1)
-
Rome Formation (1)
-
Zabriskie Quartzite (1)
-
-
Middle Cambrian
-
Bright Angel Shale (2)
-
Flathead Sandstone (1)
-
-
Tapeats Sandstone (1)
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Nopah Formation (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (1)
-
-
Mississippian
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Cuyahoga Formation (1)
-
Fort Payne Formation (1)
-
Osagian
-
Burlington Limestone (1)
-
Keokuk Limestone (1)
-
-
Pocono Formation (3)
-
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean (1)
-
-
Price Formation (1)
-
Redwall Limestone (1)
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Mauch Chunk Formation (4)
-
Meramecian
-
Salem Limestone (2)
-
-
-
Valmeyeran (1)
-
-
Namurian (1)
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Conemaugh Group (3)
-
Lower Pennsylvanian (1)
-
Mansfield Formation (1)
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Allegheny Group (4)
-
Paradox Formation (1)
-
-
Monongahela Group (2)
-
Pittsburgh Coal (1)
-
Pottsville Group (4)
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Ames Limestone (1)
-
Glenshaw Formation (2)
-
-
-
-
Catskill Formation (3)
-
Chattanooga Shale (2)
-
Devonian
-
Guilmette Formation (1)
-
Lower Devonian (1)
-
Middle Devonian
-
Hamilton Group (1)
-
Mahantango Formation (1)
-
Marcellus Shale (2)
-
Onondaga Limestone (1)
-
-
Millboro Shale (1)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Brallier Shale (1)
-
Chemung Formation (1)
-
Cleveland Member (1)
-
Hampshire Formation (4)
-
Jefferson Group (1)
-
Ohio Shale (1)
-
-
-
Dunkard Group (3)
-
Hartland Formation (2)
-
Helderberg Group (2)
-
Honaker Trail Formation (1)
-
Keyser Limestone (2)
-
Knox Group (2)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Ashe Formation (1)
-
Chopawamsic Formation (1)
-
Conococheague Formation (2)
-
Wilmington Complex (2)
-
-
Ordovician
-
Chickamauga Group (1)
-
Lexington Limestone (1)
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Ellenburger Group (1)
-
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Galena Dolomite (1)
-
Platteville Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Cincinnatian (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Castile Formation (1)
-
Cutler Formation (1)
-
Guadalupian
-
Brushy Canyon Formation (1)
-
-
Kaibab Formation (2)
-
Lyons Sandstone (1)
-
Park City Formation (1)
-
Toroweap Formation (1)
-
Upper Permian (1)
-
-
Sauk Sequence (1)
-
Shoo Fly Complex (1)
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Brassfield Formation (1)
-
Llandovery (1)
-
Tuscarora Formation (1)
-
Wenlock (1)
-
-
Middle Silurian
-
McKenzie Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Silurian
-
Cayugan
-
Tonoloway Limestone (1)
-
-
Salina Group (1)
-
-
-
Talladega Group (1)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Fountain Formation (2)
-
-
Wissahickon Formation (3)
-
-
palynology (1)
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (1)
-
miospores
-
pollen (2)
-
-
-
petroleum
-
natural gas (6)
-
-
petrology (21)
-
Phanerozoic (2)
-
phosphate deposits (1)
-
phosphorus (1)
-
placers (1)
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
nannofossils (1)
-
-
Pteridophyta
-
Lycopsida
-
Lepidodendron (1)
-
-
-
-
plate tectonics (41)
-
pollution (5)
-
Precambrian
-
Animikie Group (1)
-
Archean
-
Neoarchean (1)
-
Paleoarchean (1)
-
-
Baltimore Gneiss (2)
-
Biwabik Iron Formation (1)
-
Catoctin Formation (3)
-
Johnnie Formation (1)
-
Kingston Peak Formation (1)
-
Noonday Dolomite (1)
-
North Shore Volcanics (3)
-
Purcell System (1)
-
Stirling Quartzite (1)
-
Uinta Mountain Group (2)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Algonkian
-
Baraboo Quartzite (1)
-
-
Keweenawan (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Belt Supergroup (5)
-
Fordham Gneiss (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (1)
-
Ediacaran (2)
-
Lynchburg Formation (2)
-
Sturtian (3)
-
Vendian (1)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Virginia Formation (1)
-
-
Pocatello Formation (2)
-
-
-
-
reclamation (2)
-
reefs (3)
-
remote sensing (6)
-
reservoirs (2)
-
roads (2)
-
salt deposits (1)
-
sea-level changes (16)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
bone beds (1)
-
carbonate rocks
-
dolostone (3)
-
grainstone (1)
-
limestone
-
microbialite (2)
-
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
chert (3)
-
evaporites
-
salt (1)
-
-
iron formations (2)
-
ironstone (1)
-
phosphate rocks (1)
-
taconite (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
arkose (1)
-
bentonite (1)
-
black shale (2)
-
conglomerate (3)
-
diamictite (4)
-
marl (1)
-
mudstone (3)
-
red beds (3)
-
sandstone (14)
-
shale (4)
-
siltstone (2)
-
-
coal
-
anthracite (2)
-
-
gas shale (1)
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
bedding plane irregularities
-
dune structures (2)
-
ripple marks (1)
-
-
biogenic structures
-
bioherms
-
mud mounds (1)
-
-
bioturbation (2)
-
lebensspuren (1)
-
microbial mats (1)
-
stromatolites (2)
-
-
planar bedding structures
-
bedding (5)
-
cross-bedding (2)
-
cross-stratification (1)
-
cyclothems (1)
-
rhythmite (1)
-
sand bodies (1)
-
varves (1)
-
-
secondary structures
-
concretions (1)
-
septaria (1)
-
-
soft sediment deformation
-
clastic dikes (3)
-
olistoliths (1)
-
olistostromes (2)
-
sandstone dikes (1)
-
-
-
sedimentation (18)
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
alluvium (4)
-
boulders (1)
-
clay (3)
-
colluvium (4)
-
erratics (1)
-
gravel (2)
-
loess (5)
-
outwash (5)
-
sand (1)
-
silt (2)
-
till (11)
-
-
-
shorelines (6)
-
slope stability (3)
-
soil mechanics (1)
-
soils (10)
-
South America
-
Andes
-
Aconcagua (2)
-
Central Andes (2)
-
Patagonian Andes (1)
-
Southern Andes (2)
-
-
Argentina
-
Jujuy Argentina (1)
-
Neuquen Argentina (1)
-
Neuquen Basin (1)
-
Pampean Mountains (2)
-
-
Chile (2)
-
Patagonia
-
Patagonian Andes (1)
-
-
Precordillera (1)
-
-
springs (13)
-
stratigraphy (23)
-
structural analysis (15)
-
symposia (10)
-
talc deposits (1)
-
tectonics
-
neotectonics (17)
-
salt tectonics (3)
-
-
tectonophysics (3)
-
thermal waters (4)
-
tunnels (1)
-
United States
-
Alabama (6)
-
Alaska
-
Brooks Range (1)
-
Wrangell Mountains (1)
-
-
Allegheny Mountains (1)
-
Allegheny Plateau (3)
-
Arizona
-
Coconino County Arizona
-
Flagstaff Arizona (1)
-
Meteor Crater (2)
-
-
Gila County Arizona
-
Tonto Basin (1)
-
-
Mohave County Arizona (6)
-
Navajo County Arizona
-
Holbrook Arizona (1)
-
-
Petrified Forest National Park (1)
-
Pima County Arizona
-
Tucson Arizona (1)
-
-
Rincon Mountains (1)
-
San Francisco Peaks (2)
-
Yuma County Arizona (1)
-
-
Arkansas (2)
-
Atlantic Coastal Plain
-
Southern Atlantic Coastal Plain (1)
-
-
Book Cliffs (2)
-
Brevard Zone (1)
-
California
-
Alameda County California
-
Berkeley California (1)
-
-
Amador County California (1)
-
Calaveras Fault (2)
-
Central California (10)
-
Channel Islands (2)
-
Contra Costa County California (2)
-
Fresno County California
-
Fresno California (1)
-
-
Garlock Fault (2)
-
Hayward Fault (1)
-
Imperial County California (1)
-
Inyo County California
-
Inyo Mountains (1)
-
Panamint Range (1)
-
-
Lake County California (1)
-
Lassen County California (1)
-
Los Angeles County California
-
Los Angeles California (1)
-
Palmdale California (1)
-
Pasadena California (1)
-
San Fernando California (1)
-
-
Madera County California (1)
-
Marin County California
-
Point Reyes (1)
-
-
Mendocino County California (2)
-
Mono County California (1)
-
Monterey County California
-
Monterey California (1)
-
Parkfield California (1)
-
-
Nevada County California (1)
-
Northern California (6)
-
Rattlesnake Creek Terrane (1)
-
Riverside County California (1)
-
Sacramento County California
-
Sacramento California (1)
-
-
Salinian Block (1)
-
San Benito County California
-
Hollister California (1)
-
-
San Bernardino County California
-
Avawatz Mountains (1)
-
Cima volcanic field (1)
-
-
San Francisco Bay
-
San Pablo Bay (2)
-
-
San Francisco County California
-
San Francisco California (10)
-
-
San Gabriel Mountains (1)
-
San Joaquin Valley (1)
-
San Mateo County California (1)
-
Santa Barbara Channel (1)
-
Santa Barbara County California
-
Santa Barbara California (1)
-
-
Santa Clara County California (2)
-
Sierra Nevada Batholith (5)
-
Solano County California (1)
-
Sonoma County California (2)
-
Southern California (6)
-
Transverse Ranges (4)
-
Trinity Complex (1)
-
Yolla Bolly Terrane (2)
-
Yosemite National Park (3)
-
-
Carolina Terrane (1)
-
Chattahoochee River (1)
-
Chesapeake Bay (3)
-
Cincinnati Arch (5)
-
Colorado
-
Baca County Colorado (1)
-
Chaffee County Colorado (2)
-
Colorado mineral belt (1)
-
Douglas County Colorado (1)
-
El Paso County Colorado
-
Colorado Springs Colorado (1)
-
-
Elbert County Colorado (1)
-
Fremont County Colorado
-
Canon City Colorado (1)
-
-
Gunnison County Colorado (1)
-
Gunnison River (1)
-
Needle Mountains (1)
-
Saguache County Colorado (1)
-
San Juan volcanic field (2)
-
Sawatch Range (2)
-
Wet Mountains (1)
-
-
Colorado Plateau (15)
-
Columbia Plateau (7)
-
Connecticut (2)
-
Dan River basin (1)
-
Death Valley National Park (2)
-
Delaware
-
New Castle County Delaware (1)
-
-
Delaware Basin (2)
-
Delmarva Peninsula (1)
-
Denver Basin (2)
-
District of Columbia (5)
-
Eastern California shear zone (2)
-
Eastern U.S.
-
Northeastern U.S. (1)
-
Southeastern U.S. (1)
-
-
Florida
-
Florida Keys (1)
-
-
Georgia (3)
-
Gettysburg Basin (1)
-
Great Basin (9)
-
Great Smoky Fault (1)
-
Great Smoky Mountains (4)
-
Hayesville Fault (1)
-
Hayfork Terrane (1)
-
Hudson Valley (2)
-
Hueco Mountains (1)
-
Hurricane Fault (1)
-
Idaho
-
Bannock County Idaho (1)
-
Bannock Range (1)
-
Elmore County Idaho (1)
-
Idaho County Idaho (1)
-
Latah County Idaho (1)
-
Nez Perce County Idaho (1)
-
Snake River plain (7)
-
Twin Falls County Idaho (2)
-
-
Idaho Batholith (3)
-
Illinois
-
Cook County Illinois
-
Chicago Illinois (1)
-
-
Hardin County Illinois (1)
-
Saline County Illinois (1)
-
-
Illinois Basin (2)
-
Indiana
-
Gibson County Indiana (1)
-
Kentland impact structure (1)
-
Marion County Indiana (1)
-
Newton County Indiana (1)
-
Posey County Indiana (4)
-
Spencer County Indiana (1)
-
Vanderburgh County Indiana (2)
-
-
Iowa
-
Pottawattamie County Iowa (1)
-
-
Kentucky
-
Edmonson County Kentucky (1)
-
Jefferson County Kentucky
-
Louisville Kentucky (1)
-
-
Rowan County Kentucky (1)
-
-
Klamath Mountains (4)
-
Lewis and Clark Lineament (1)
-
Louisiana (2)
-
Maryland
-
Allegany County Maryland (1)
-
Baltimore County Maryland
-
Baltimore Maryland (3)
-
-
Calvert County Maryland (1)
-
Cecil County Maryland (1)
-
Harford County Maryland (1)
-
Montgomery County Maryland (1)
-
Prince Georges County Maryland (1)
-
Washington County Maryland (1)
-
-
Michigan
-
Michigan Lower Peninsula
-
Allegan County Michigan (1)
-
Eaton County Michigan (1)
-
Wayne County Michigan (1)
-
-
Michigan Upper Peninsula
-
Keweenaw Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
Midcontinent (2)
-
Midwest (3)
-
Minnesota
-
Cook County Minnesota (2)
-
Dakota County Minnesota (2)
-
Duluth Complex (2)
-
Goodhue County Minnesota (2)
-
Hennepin County Minnesota
-
Minneapolis Minnesota (1)
-
-
Lake County Minnesota (2)
-
Mesabi Range (1)
-
Minnesota River valley (4)
-
Nicollet County Minnesota (1)
-
Ramsey County Minnesota
-
Saint Paul Minnesota (1)
-
-
Saint Louis County Minnesota
-
Duluth Minnesota (1)
-
-
Scott County Minnesota (1)
-
Vermilion Range (1)
-
-
Mississippi River (1)
-
Mississippi Valley
-
Upper Mississippi Valley (3)
-
-
Missouri
-
Greene County Missouri
-
Springfield Missouri (2)
-
-
Saint Francois Mountains (1)
-
Taney County Missouri (1)
-
-
Missouri River (1)
-
Mojave Desert (3)
-
Montana
-
Gallatin County Montana
-
Hebgen Lake (1)
-
-
Granite County Montana (1)
-
Gravelly Range (1)
-
Jefferson County Montana (1)
-
Mineral County Montana (2)
-
Missoula County Montana (1)
-
-
Nashville Dome (1)
-
Nebraska
-
Antelope County Nebraska (1)
-
Douglas County Nebraska (1)
-
Knox County Nebraska (1)
-
Lancaster County Nebraska (1)
-
-
Nevada
-
Clark County Nevada (8)
-
Elko County Nevada
-
East Humboldt Range (2)
-
Independence Mountains (1)
-
-
Esmeralda County Nevada (1)
-
Eureka County Nevada (1)
-
Humboldt County Nevada (1)
-
Lincoln County Nevada (1)
-
Mineral County Nevada (1)
-
Nevada Test Site (1)
-
Nye County Nevada
-
Yucca Mountain (1)
-
-
Washoe County Nevada (1)
-
-
New Hampshire (1)
-
New Jersey (1)
-
New Madrid region (1)
-
New Mexico
-
Eddy County New Mexico
-
Carlsbad Caverns (1)
-
Lechuguilla Cave (1)
-
-
Picuris Range (1)
-
Taos County New Mexico
-
Questa Mine (1)
-
-
-
New York
-
Catskill Mountains (2)
-
Greene County New York (1)
-
New York City New York
-
Manhattan (1)
-
-
Ulster County New York (1)
-
-
North Carolina
-
Carteret County North Carolina
-
Beaufort North Carolina (1)
-
-
Lincoln County North Carolina (1)
-
Macon County North Carolina (1)
-
Wake County North Carolina (1)
-
-
North Dakota
-
Cass County North Dakota (1)
-
-
Ohio
-
Mahoning County Ohio (1)
-
Montgomery County Ohio (2)
-
Paulding County Ohio (1)
-
-
Ohio River (2)
-
Ohio River valley (2)
-
Oregon
-
Baker County Oregon (1)
-
Clackamas County Oregon (3)
-
Clatsop County Oregon (2)
-
Columbia County Oregon (1)
-
Coos County Oregon
-
Coos Bay (2)
-
-
Crook County Oregon (2)
-
Deschutes County Oregon
-
Newberry Volcano (1)
-
-
Gilliam County Oregon (1)
-
Grant County Oregon (1)
-
Harney County Oregon
-
Steens Mountain (1)
-
-
Hood River County Oregon (4)
-
Jackson County Oregon (1)
-
Jefferson County Oregon (1)
-
Josephine County Oregon (1)
-
Klamath County Oregon
-
Mount Mazama (1)
-
-
Lake County Oregon (3)
-
Lane County Oregon (2)
-
Lincoln County Oregon (2)
-
Mount Hood (3)
-
Multnomah County Oregon
-
Portland Oregon (1)
-
-
Tillamook County Oregon (1)
-
Umatilla County Oregon (1)
-
Union County Oregon (1)
-
Wallowa County Oregon (1)
-
Wallowa Mountains (1)
-
Willamette River (1)
-
Willamette Valley (3)
-
-
Ozark Mountains (6)
-
Pennsylvania
-
Adams County Pennsylvania (2)
-
Allegheny County Pennsylvania
-
Pittsburgh Pennsylvania (3)
-
-
Berks County Pennsylvania (1)
-
Blair County Pennsylvania (2)
-
Butler County Pennsylvania (2)
-
Cambria County Pennsylvania (2)
-
Carbon County Pennsylvania (1)
-
Chester County Pennsylvania (1)
-
Clinton County Pennsylvania (2)
-
Columbia County Pennsylvania (2)
-
Crawford County Pennsylvania (2)
-
Delaware County Pennsylvania (1)
-
Erie County Pennsylvania (1)
-
Huntingdon County Pennsylvania (1)
-
Lancaster County Pennsylvania (2)
-
Lawrence County Pennsylvania (1)
-
Lycoming County Pennsylvania (2)
-
Mercer County Pennsylvania (1)
-
Mifflin County Pennsylvania (1)
-
Northumberland County Pennsylvania (1)
-
Philadelphia County Pennsylvania
-
Philadelphia Pennsylvania (2)
-
-
Schuylkill County Pennsylvania (1)
-
Somerset County Pennsylvania (1)
-
Tioga County Pennsylvania (1)
-
Venango County Pennsylvania (2)
-
York County Pennsylvania (1)
-
-
Potomac River (3)
-
Reelfoot Rift (1)
-
Sabine Uplift (1)
-
Salisbury Embayment (1)
-
Sevier orogenic belt (3)
-
Shenandoah Valley (2)
-
South Carolina
-
Charleston County South Carolina
-
Charleston South Carolina (2)
-
-
-
South Dakota (1)
-
Southern U.S. (1)
-
Southwestern U.S. (2)
-
Susquehanna River (2)
-
Susquehanna River basin (1)
-
Talladega Front (1)
-
Tennessee
-
Blount County Tennessee (1)
-
Clay County Tennessee (1)
-
Hamilton County Tennessee (1)
-
Jackson County Tennessee (3)
-
Knox County Tennessee (4)
-
Loudon County Tennessee (1)
-
Monroe County Tennessee (1)
-
Reelfoot Lake (1)
-
Rhea County Tennessee (1)
-
Sequatchie County Tennessee (1)
-
Sequatchie Valley (1)
-
Shelby County Tennessee
-
Memphis Tennessee (1)
-
-
Washington County Tennessee (1)
-
-
Tennessee River (1)
-
Texas
-
Balcones fault zone (1)
-
Bastrop County Texas (2)
-
Bexar County Texas (1)
-
Brewster County Texas (1)
-
Dallas County Texas
-
Dallas Texas (1)
-
-
Denton County Texas (1)
-
East Texas Basin (1)
-
Edwards Plateau (1)
-
Galveston County Texas
-
Galveston Texas (1)
-
-
Loving County Texas (1)
-
Reeves County Texas (1)
-
San Marcos Arch (1)
-
Tarrant County Texas (1)
-
Ward County Texas (1)
-
West Texas (1)
-
Winkler County Texas (1)
-
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Bitterroot Range (1)
-
Gravelly Range (1)
-
Medicine Bow Mountains (1)
-
San Juan Mountains (1)
-
Sawatch Range (2)
-
Uinta Mountains (2)
-
Wasatch Range (2)
-
Wet Mountains (1)
-
-
Uinta Basin (1)
-
Uncompahgre Uplift (1)
-
Utah
-
Arches National Park (1)
-
Bingham mining district (1)
-
Box Elder County Utah (1)
-
Emery County Utah (1)
-
Garfield County Utah (2)
-
Grand County Utah
-
Moab Utah (1)
-
-
Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (1)
-
Great Salt Lake (1)
-
Henry Mountains (1)
-
Juab County Utah (1)
-
Kaiparowits Plateau (1)
-
Kane County Utah (1)
-
Salt Lake County Utah
-
Salt Lake City Utah (1)
-
-
San Rafael Swell (3)
-
Tintic mining district (1)
-
Tooele County Utah (2)
-
Washington County Utah (1)
-
Wayne County Utah (1)
-
-
Virginia
-
Bath County Virginia (1)
-
Fairfax County Virginia (2)
-
Highland County Virginia (1)
-
Orange County Virginia (1)
-
Pittsylvania County Virginia (1)
-
Rockingham County Virginia (1)
-
Shenandoah National Park (1)
-
-
Wabash Valley (3)
-
Walker Lane (3)
-
Wasatch fault zone (2)
-
Wasatch Front (1)
-
Washington
-
Chelan County Washington (1)
-
Clark County Washington
-
Vancouver Washington (1)
-
-
Cowlitz County Washington (1)
-
Franklin County Washington (1)
-
Grant County Washington (1)
-
Grays Harbor County Washington (1)
-
King County Washington
-
Seattle Washington (1)
-
-
Kittitas County Washington (1)
-
Okanogan County Washington
-
Methow River valley (1)
-
-
Pacific County Washington (2)
-
Puget Lowland (5)
-
San Juan County Washington (1)
-
Seattle Fault (1)
-
Skagit County Washington (1)
-
Skamania County Washington
-
Mount Saint Helens (2)
-
-
Toutle River (1)
-
Wahkiakum County Washington (1)
-
Whatcom County Washington (1)
-
-
West Virginia
-
Grant County West Virginia (1)
-
Monongalia County West Virginia (1)
-
Pendleton County West Virginia (1)
-
Preston County West Virginia (1)
-
Tucker County West Virginia (1)
-
-
Western U.S. (3)
-
Wisconsin
-
Pierce County Wisconsin (1)
-
Sauk County Wisconsin
-
Baraboo Wisconsin (2)
-
-
-
Wyoming (4)
-
Yavapai Province (1)
-
Yellowstone National Park (1)
-
-
USSR (1)
-
volcanology (1)
-
waste disposal (2)
-
water resources (3)
-
weathering (14)
-
well-logging (1)
-
-
rock formations
-
Catalina Schist (2)
-
Chugwater Formation (1)
-
Monterey Formation (3)
-
Pelona Schist (1)
-
Riggins Group (2)
-
San Lorenzo Formation (1)
-
Scaglia Formation (1)
-
Severn Formation (1)
-
Skagit Gneiss (2)
-
Taylor Group (1)
-
Wood Canyon Formation (1)
-
-
sedimentary rocks
-
caliche (1)
-
flysch (1)
-
molasse (1)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
bone beds (1)
-
carbonate rocks
-
dolostone (3)
-
grainstone (1)
-
limestone
-
microbialite (2)
-
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
chert (3)
-
evaporites
-
salt (1)
-
-
iron formations (2)
-
ironstone (1)
-
phosphate rocks (1)
-
taconite (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
arkose (1)
-
bentonite (1)
-
black shale (2)
-
conglomerate (3)
-
diamictite (4)
-
marl (1)
-
mudstone (3)
-
red beds (3)
-
sandstone (14)
-
shale (4)
-
siltstone (2)
-
-
coal
-
anthracite (2)
-
-
gas shale (1)
-
-
shell beds (1)
-
siliciclastics (4)
-
turbidite (4)
-
volcaniclastics (6)
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
borings (1)
-
burrows (3)
-
channels (7)
-
coprolites (1)
-
mounds (1)
-
sedimentary structures
-
bedding plane irregularities
-
dune structures (2)
-
ripple marks (1)
-
-
biogenic structures
-
bioherms
-
mud mounds (1)
-
-
bioturbation (2)
-
lebensspuren (1)
-
microbial mats (1)
-
stromatolites (2)
-
-
planar bedding structures
-
bedding (5)
-
cross-bedding (2)
-
cross-stratification (1)
-
cyclothems (1)
-
rhythmite (1)
-
sand bodies (1)
-
varves (1)
-
-
secondary structures
-
concretions (1)
-
septaria (1)
-
-
soft sediment deformation
-
clastic dikes (3)
-
olistoliths (1)
-
olistostromes (2)
-
sandstone dikes (1)
-
-
-
stratification (1)
-
striations (2)
-
tracks (5)
-
-
sediments
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
alluvium (4)
-
boulders (1)
-
clay (3)
-
colluvium (4)
-
erratics (1)
-
gravel (2)
-
loess (5)
-
outwash (5)
-
sand (1)
-
silt (2)
-
till (11)
-
-
-
shell beds (1)
-
siliciclastics (4)
-
turbidite (4)
-
volcaniclastics (6)
-
-
soils
-
paleosols (4)
-
soils (10)
-
GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
field trips
Combining remote sensing surveys, digital and in situ field trips in higher education geology classroom Open Access
Chickies Rock, a striking promontory on the Susquehanna River: the early Cambrian type locality of the trace fossil Skolithos and a model site for structural analysis Open Access
Abstract Chickies Rock rises abruptly from the east bank of the Susquehanna River at Columbia, Pennsylvania, where it breaks through a ridge held up by massively bedded quartzite. Here in the 1830s, Samuel Haldeman recognized long straight tubes that he later described as Skolithos linearis , penetrating the quartzite. Uncertain about the nature of these cylindrical ‘vermiform or linear’, unbranched ‘stems’, Haldeman first treated them as a subgenus of Fucoides , to which root-like traces were then often assigned. By the time James Hall first illustrated the species in 1847, Haldeman was sure they were burrows of a worm-like animal, as the name he had chosen implied. Since 1960, Donald Wise has developed a detailed analysis of structural deformation of the Chickies Anticline, using the Skolithos burrows as ‘plumb-bobs’ against which Taconic rotation of the rock fabric can be measured. Wise showed that later Alleghanian deformation produced prominent folds with external rotation up to twice as great as that of the rock fabric itself. Now conserved as a county park, Chickies Rock attracts many visitors. Its cliff-top is a superb viewpoint from which to contemplate progressive westward migration of the Appalachian drainage divide, ongoing since the late Jurassic opening of the Atlantic Ocean.
Guide to key Bowland Shale Formation outcrop localities in the Craven and Edale basins Available to Purchase
Abstract This is a guide to the key exposures of the Bowland Shale Formation present within the Craven and Edale basins of England, providing contrasting settings from respectively the northern and southern parts of the Craven Group extent. It provides a description of the evolution of the deposition of the hemipelagic mudstone-dominated components of the Craven Group during the Visean to early Namurian (Mississippian to early Pennsylvanian). It explains the significance of the chosen localities in understanding the development of the Bowland Shale Formation and gives details on the sections visible at the time of compilation, providing useful guidance for field visits.
THE GEOLOGICAL TRAVELS OF ACHILLE DE ZIGNO IN THE DOLOMITES DURING THE SPRING OF 1846 Available to Purchase
Hydrology and geology of the Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia, USA Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT The Fernow Experimental Forest (the “Fernow”) is an 1860-ha (4600-acre) research forested watershed in Parsons, West Virginia, USA. The Fernow has been in operation since 1934 and has historically been the site of timbering and silvicultural research programs. Beginning in the 1950s, a water quality research program was established in the Fernow to assess the effects of different forestry management techniques on water quantity and quality. As a result, most peer-reviewed research from the Fernow has focused on water quality data directly related to forestry efforts with little mention of the effects of geology, hydrogeology, or climate on water resources in the Fernow. Further, the Fernow is representative of Appalachian headwater mountain watersheds and is a protected and secure research site in the greater Monongahela National Forest. This, in combination with the long-term data records from the water research program, make the Fernow an ideal location for further geologic and hydrologic investigations in forested mountain watersheds. The geology of the Fernow is dominated by moderately dipping Paleozoic-aged strata with local karst features (e.g., springs) occurring in one unit. The hydrology of the Fernow consists of intermittent and perennial streams that are reactive to seasonal weather patterns. This field guide serves as an overview of the geology and hydrology of the Fernow and surrounding region to be used as a teaching and recruitment tool to advance the geologic understanding of Allegheny Mountain headwaters.
Post-glacial tectonism and bluff erosion in northern Erie County, Pennsylvania, USA Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT This one-day field trip will visit northern Erie County in northwestern Pennsylvania, USA, and is divided into two parts. The first part will highlight brittle and ductile deformation preserved in Upper Devonian bedrock. It is possible that this deformation occurred in relation to the Alleghenian orogeny during the late Paleozoic. However, some of this deformation displays possible evidence of postdating Wisconsin glaciation, but this interpretation is speculative and based largely on possible topographic disruption of Quaternary river terrace deposits. Morphologic characteristics of outcrops in creeks that expose these tectonic structures will be used as a starting point to discuss structure origin, timing, and their implications. The second part of the trip will visit Erie Bluffs State Park (EBSP) and will examine ongoing mass wasting of bluffs along the southern Lake Erie shoreline. The timing (as determined from dendrochronological analyses) and styles of mass wasting that have occurred at EBSP will be discussed and compared to two other locations along Pennsylvania’s Lake Erie shoreline. An appended road log serves as a geologic guide to the features and processes highlighted on this trip.
A record of the Pleistocene: Periglacial landforms, deposits, and fauna in the Appalachian highlands of Maryland, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania, USA Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT During the Pleistocene, the Laurentian Ice Sheet extended southward into northwestern Pennsylvania. This field trip identifies a number of periglacial features from the Appalachian Plateaus and Ridge and Valley provinces that formed near the Pleistocene ice sheet front. Evidence of Pleistocene periglacial climate in this area includes glacial lake deposits in the Monongahela River valley near Morgantown, West Virginia, and Sphagnum peatlands, rock cities, and patterned ground in plateau areas surrounding the Upper Youghiogheny River basin in Garrett County, Maryland, and the Laurel Highlands of Somerset County, Pennsylvania, USA. In the high-lying basins of the Allegheny Mountains, Pleistocene peatlands still harbor species characteristic of more northerly latitudes due to local frost pocket conditions. Pleistocene fauna preserved in a cave deposit in Allegany County, Maryland, record a diverse mammalian assemblage indicative of taiga forest habitat in the Ridge and Valley province.
Special geologic features of Ohiopyle State Park, Pennsylvania, USA Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT With waterfalls and the deepest gorge in Pennsylvania, Ohiopyle State Park provides opportunities to observe a variety of habitats and three-dimensional (3-D) exposures of the Pennsylvanian sandstone most responsible for shaping Laurel Highlands landscapes. Evidence for the relationship between bedrock, ancient climates, and the landscape can be observed at some of the most scenic natural features of the park: Baughman Rock Overlook, Cucumber Falls, Ohiopyle Falls, Meadow Run Waterslide and Cascades, and Youghiogheny River Entrance Rapid. Channel azimuths and lateral variations in thickness of upper Pottsville fluvial/deltaic sandstone suggest that deposition was influenced by deformation of this part of the Allegheny Plateau during the Alleghanian orogeny. Geologic features of Pottsville sandstone outcrops include a 10-m- (~33-ft-) long Lepidodendron fossil and a 3-D exposure of a meter-high Pennsylvanian subaqueous sand dune and scour pit. Cosmogenic age dating has indicated very slow erosion of hard sandstone in an upland location at Turtlehead Rock and informed estimation of Pleistocene/Holocene waterfall retreat rates of Ohiopyle and Cucumber Falls. Bedrock exposures supporting scour habitats along the Youghiogheny River occur only in a limited area of Youghiogheny Gorge where knickpoint migration and bedrock erosion were relatively recent. Geologic factors, including locations of major tributaries, development of bars that constrict river flow, and proximity of Homewood sandstone outcrops as sources of boulder obstacles in the river, contributed to the class, location, and nature of whitewater rapids in the lower Youghiogheny River.
Geology along the Yuba Pass and Highway 70 corridors: A complex history of tectonics and magmatism in the northern Sierra Nevada Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT This field trip traverses a cross section of northern Sierra Nevada geology and landscape along two major corridors, Highway 49 (Yuba Pass) and Highway 70. These highways, and adjacent roadways, offer roadcuts, outcrops, and overviews through diverse pre-Cenozoic metamorphic rocks along the Laurentian margin, Mesozoic batholithic rocks, and Miocene volcanic rocks. Observing this array of rocks on a single trip provides an opportunity to examine the progression of tectonic forces in this region since the Paleozoic Era. Inspiration for this trip is a 1:100,000-scale geologic map and geophysical maps of the Portola 30′ × 60′ quadrangle that integrate decades of published and unpublished mapping with new geophysical data. The quadrangle map will seamlessly depict a geologically complex region along the boundary between the Sierra Nevada and Basin and Range provinces, dominated by transtensional tectonics of the Walker Lane. This field trip highlights many of the major units of the geologic map and will also feature new geochronological data on plutonic rocks.
The blast, the quake, and the bomb: A guide to high-energy events in western Nevada, USA Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT This guide presents an eight-hour, in-person tour of intersecting geologic and human history in western Nevada, USA. A 25 megaton phreatomagmatic blast created a mile-wide (1.6-km-wide) maar, now filled by Soda Lake. The magnitude 7 Dixie Valley earthquake ripped along more than 45 km of the Stillwater Range front in 1954. The 12 kiloton Shoal nuclear test in 1963 created a 50-m-wide cavity in solid granite. This field trip generally follows the GSA guide published in GSA Field Guide 61 (available at https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa): Louie, J.N., and Ruprecht, P., 2021, The blast, the quake, and the bomb: A guide to high-energy events in western Nevada, USA, in Florsheim, J., Koeberl, C., McKay, M.P., and Riggs, N., eds., Field Excursions from the 2021 GSA Section Meetings: Geological Society of America Field Guide 61, p. 201–219, https://doi.org/10.1130/2021.0061(09) .
Geology and paleontology of Cretaceous and Paleocene sediments of the Cabin Branch, Cabin Creek (Cappy Avenue), and Tinkers Creek outcrops, Prince George’s County, Maryland Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT This field guide presents a one-day excursion in Prince George’s County, Maryland, USA, and documents the transition across the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary by examining sediments from the upper Maastrichtian of the Severn Formation to the Paleocene sediments of the Brightseat and Aquia formations. Emphasis is placed on understanding how differences in depositional character and lithostratigraphy are related to changes in both microfossil and macrofossil assemblages. Particular attention is given to the difficulty in distinguishing Upper Cretaceous sediments from lower Paleocene sediments in the field, a problem that has traditionally led to misrepresentation of the distribution and thickness of these units and their correlation on a regional scale. Regarding the Late Cretaceous geology, the guide presents information on the lithology and microfossil biostratigraphy of the Severn Formation, which consists predominantly of silty quartz sand, with less than 5% clay. These sediments are placed in calcareous nannofossil Zone CC25a, suggesting an early late Maastrichtian age. Low abundances of planktic foraminifera combined with sedimentological evidence suggest deposition most likely occurred in a middle neritic environment. Macrofossils in the outcrops along the field trip consist primarily of fragmented bivalve mollusk and cephalopod shell material. A hiatus of ~5 m.y. separates the Cretaceous sediments from the overlying Paleocene deposits. As for the Paleocene geology, the guide presents information on the Brightseat and Aquia formations. The Brightseat represents early Danian age deposition and consists of clayey, silty sand at the base that grades upward into a silty sand. Glauconite is present at <5% throughout the formation in outcrop. Sediments of the Brightseat Formation are placed in calcareous nannofossil Zone NP3. Macrofossils are limited to small bivalve fragments that are scattered throughout. A hiatus representing ~3 m.y. separates the Brightseat from the overlying Aquia Formation, which is Selandian to Thanetian in age and consists of a glauconite-rich (~10%–20%), silty sand with common to abundant macrofossils, including both fragmented and complete gastropods and bivalves.
Northern Sierra Nevada, California: Ophiolites, metamorphic soles, and blueschists to active tectonics and geomorphology Available to Purchase
1. ABSTRACT The geology of the northern Sierra Nevada of California records >400 million years of active plate margin tectonic events as a part of the North American Cordilleran orogenic belt. This field-trip guide provides geologic background and description of field-trip stops for a two-day field trip of the 2023 Geological Society of America Cordilleran Section Meeting based in Reno, Nevada. In two days, we cannot sample the complete geologic record of the northern Sierra Nevada, so this guide does not provide an exhaustive review of this geology. We will focus on certain aspects of the geology that have been the subject of recent research and present some previously unpublished observations and interpretations including: (1) distinguishing between subduction complexes and deformed assemblages that overlay subduction zones; (2) evidence for subduction initiation, recorded in high-pressure (P), high-temperature (T) amphibolites and possibly greenschist facies rocks structurally beneath them; (3) finding of high- P , high- T amphibolite blocks in mélange zones in subduction complex units accreted structurally beneath intact high- P , high- T amphibolite horizons; (4) differences in stream profiles between southern Cascade and northern Sierra drainages, suggesting different forcing mechanisms for stream erosion in those regions; and (5) complex relationships between stream incision, volcanic deposition, and Late Cenozoic faulting. • DEDICATION • This field–trip guide is dedicated to Eldridge Moores (1938–2018) and Jason Saleeby (1948–2023) who were giants in Sierra Nevada geologic research. Eldridge passed away in October 2018 while leading a field trip in this area on which the leaders of the current field trip (JW, DS) were participants. Jason passed away during the writing of this guide. As will be clear from reading this guide, the saying “standing on the shoulders of giants” applies.
Roadside geology and mining history of the Bodie and Aurora districts, Mono County, California, and Mineral County, Nevada Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT This field trip explores the geology and mining history of the Bodie Hills with a focus on the Bodie and Aurora mining districts. The field trip starts and ends in Bridgeport, California. Our first geologic stop is at Travertine Hot Springs, which provides an analogy for the style of mineralization observed in the Bodie and Aurora districts. We then proceed south on Highway 395 to the Bodie exit at Highway 270. At this location on Highway 395 is the placer camp of Dogtown with outcrops of till from the Sherwin glaciation. A side trip up Cinnabar Canyon exposes rocks with veinlets of cinnabar and silicic alteration. From here, we travel through several different components of different stratovolcanoes and arrive at the preserved ghost town of Bodie. Bodie Bluff and Standard Hill contain most of the mine workings for the Bodie district. At Bodie we discuss different interpretations of volcanic history and stratigraphy and learn about the U.S. Bureau of Land Management’s 1997 economic appraisal of the mineralization there: 69.8 million tons of ore averaging 0.4 oz/ton Au. Leaving Bodie, we pass through a placer field where William Bodie made his discovery of the mine and the district that bears his name. And then we move through the Bodie volcanics to those volcanic rocks associated with Aurora. On the way to Aurora, we will see the stage stop site of Del Monte. At Aurora, we view the active open pit mining operation and compare this district with Bodie and others in the Bodie Hills. Both Bodie and Aurora were classified as principal gold deposits of the United States.
Dinosaur tracks, microbial mat, and applied photogrammetry: A holistic approach to ichnology and geoheritage at Dinosaur Ridge, Colorado, USA Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT The Morrison-Golden Fossil Areas National Natural Landmark, Colorado, USA, including Dinosaur Ridge, is rich in geological and paleontological history, ranking historically as the premier location and type area for Late Jurassic dinosaurs like Stegosaurus and Diplodocus . As the type area for the Morrison Formation, it famously became central in the “Bone Wars” underway in the 1870s. After a brief historical introduction at Stop 1, the trip will explore the ‘mid’-Cretaceous Dakota Sandstone (Stop 2), which yields the top-ranked dinosaur tracksite in the United States, with two type ichnospecies and the most accessible “nest scrape display trace” evidence of dinosaurian sexual display found anywhere. It also an important location for the study of microbial mat in association with dinosaur tracks, now photogrammetrically surveyed in detail. Dinosaur Ridge serves as the type area for the “Dinosaur Freeway” and the transgression of the Western Interior Seaway. Its diverse invertebrate traces have also been described in detail. After lunch at the Dinosaur Ridge Visitor’s Center exhibit (Stop 3), the trip will move a short distance to Golden to view the type localities for the first bird and crocodilian tracks ever reported from the Mesozoic (Stop 4). We will also visit the younger (Late Cretaceous) Laramie Formation, exposed in the Golden clay pits, cut by the Golden fault, and the source of historically famous paleofloras, the first known Ceratopsian tracks, and other type traces now developed as Triceratops Trail (Stop 5), constituting part of the well- documented Fossil Trace and School of Mines Geological Trail complex. The field excursion will involve easy walks and no strenuous climbs.
Exploring the nature and extent of the Mesoproterozoic Picuris orogeny in Colorado, USA Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT The Mesoproterozoic is a controversial time within the Earth’s history, and is characterized by high temperature/pressure ratios in metamorphic rocks, a large volume of extensional plutons, very few economic mineral deposits, and possibly a slowdown in plate tectonic processes. In Laurentia, ca. 1.48–1.35 Ga is well known as a time of voluminous ferroan magmatism, which led to conflicting tectonic interpretations that range from continental extension to convergent margin settings. Recently, a ca. 1.50–1.35 Ga orogenic belt was proposed that spanned Laurentia from present-day eastern Canada to the southwestern United States. Unlike the preceding Paleoproterozoic Yavapai/Mazatzal orogenies and the subsequent late Mesoproterozoic Grenville orogeny, the early–mid-Mesoproterozoic Picuris orogeny in the southwestern United States was relatively unrecognized until about two decades ago, when geochronology data and depositional age constraints became more abundant. In multiple study areas of Arizona and New Mexico, deposition, metamorphism, and deformation previously ascribed to the Yavapai/Mazatzal orogenies proved to be part of the ca. 1.4 Ga Picuris orogeny. In Colorado, the nature and extent of the Picuris orogeny is poorly understood. On this trip, we discuss new evidence for the Picuris orogeny in the central Colorado Front Range, from Black Hawk in the central Colorado Front Range to the Wet Mountains, Colorado. We will discuss how the Picuris orogeny reactivated or overprinted earlier structures, and perhaps controlled the location of structures associated with Cambrian rifting, the Cretaceous–Paleogene Laramide orogeny, and the Rio Grande rift, and associated mineralization. We will also discuss whether and how the Picuris orogeny, and the Mesoproterozoic in general, were unique within the Earth’s history.
Paleoproterozoic tectonics of the northern Colorado Rocky Mountains Front Range, USA Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT Two models have been proposed to explain continental crust generation in accretionary orogens. One model suggests that accretionary orogens are formed by the successive collision of juvenile arcs. The second model invokes tectonic switching, which is the repeated cycles of slab rollback and extensional backarc basin formation followed by basin collapse caused by collision, shallow subduction, and/or increased convergence rate. The northern Colorado Front Range, specifically in and around the Big Thompson, Rist, and Poudre Canyons, offers excellent exposures of Paleoproterozoic rocks to test which accretionary model best explains crust generation for a portion of the Yavapai Province. In this contribution we have two goals: The first is to provide a field-trip guide that augments Mahan et al.’s (2013) field guide, which uses many stops that have become inaccessible or have changed because of catastrophic flooding that occurred in September 2013. This more current guide focuses on a variety of mostly Paleoproterozoic rocks within what some call the Poudre Basin. These rocks include clastic metasedimentary rocks, amphibolite, the Big Thompson Canyon tonalite suite, the northern Front Range granodiorite, granitic pegmatites, and Mesoproterozoic Silver Plume granite. The second goal is to present and synthesize new and existing geochemistry, geochronology, and isotopic data, and then discuss the origins, age, deformation, and metamorphism of these rocks in the context of the proposed tectonic models. These data were synthesized into the following tectonic model for the Poudre Basin. At ca. 1780 Ma, the juvenile Green Mountain arc, located today along the Colorado-Wyoming border, formed and extended shortly thereafter during slab rollback, resulting in the extensional backarc Poudre basin between the diverging arc fragments. Sedimentation within the basin began at inception and continued to ca. 1735 Ma when basin rocks were intruded by the Big Thompson Canyon tonalite suite and the northern Front Range granodiorite, all of which were subsequently metamorphosed and deformed at ca. 1725 Ma. Felsic magmatism and deformation within the basin were perhaps driven by the northward shallow subduction of an oceanic plateau or seamount. This suggests that following accretion of the Green Mountain Arc, tectonic switching explains formation and collapse of the Poudre Basin and creation of some of northern Colorado’s crust.
Landslide deposits and mechanisms in the eastern Spring Mountains, Nevada, USA Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT Large-scale landslide deposits (covering >1 km 2) are prevalent throughout the Basin and Range province. However, their presence and importance in the evolution of the Basin and Range remain poorly recognized. On this field trip, we will visit four landslide deposits along the eastern flank of the Spring Mountains on the western margin of Las Vegas Valley. The first half of the day will be spent looking at vertical and lateral textures within the Blue Diamond landslide deposit, which mostly caps hills and ridges between the southern ends of the Wilson Cliffs and Blue Diamond Hill. We interpret this deposit as having a two-phase emplacement, with an initial rock avalanche emplacement onto Blue Diamond Hill, followed by failure as a rock compound landslide along weak gypsum layers in the Kaibab Formation. During the second half of the day, we will visit a smaller rock avalanche deposit (La Madre), a large rock compound slide that resulted from failure of the northern flank of Blue Diamond Hill (Red Rock Wash), and a large block of Paleozoic rock that likely was emplaced as either a rock compound slide or a rock planar slide (Lone Mountain).
Geology of Frenchman Mountain and Rainbow Gardens, southern Nevada, USA Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT This field guide synthesizes more than a half century of research by many geologists and paleontologists on Frenchman Mountain and Rainbow Gardens, southern Nevada, USA. The field-trip consists of seven stops to be visited in one day. The guide was written not only for field-trip participants on the occasion of the 2022 Cordilleran/Rocky Mountain Geological Society of America Joint Section Meeting in Las Vegas, but also with future users in mind. The Frenchman Mountain/Rainbow Gardens block of crust exposes an extraordinary sample of Earth history. The geologic features include (1) Proterozoic crystalline rocks, (2) the Great Unconformity, (2) a Paleozoic interval that is essentially a tilted section of the western Grand Canyon, (3) a Mesozoic interval that preserves strata that were eroded off the southern Colorado Plateau during the Miocene “Great Denudation” episode, and (4) a Cenozoic section that records a wealth of paleoclimatic, paleontological, and tectonic data. Among the many stories that are recorded in the rocks of the Frenchman Mountain/Rainbow Gardens block, I have chosen three to emphasize in this field guide: (1) the history recorded in the Proterozoic Vishnu Basement Complex and the Great Unconformity; (2) the stratigraphy, sedimentology, paleontology, and geochronology of the Cambrian Tonto Group [with a focus on (a) trilobite biostratigraphy in the Bright Angel Formation, (b) the significance of the abundance of glauconite in the Tonto Group, and (c) the Frenchman Mountain Dolostone]; and (3) the tectonic story recorded in the Thumb Member of the Horse Spring Formation. The basement rocks record events and processes associated with the assembly of supercontinents Nuna and Rodinia. The Great Unconformity records the breakup of Rodinia and the associated denudation interval that played a role in triggering the Cambrian explosion. The Tonto Group, which was recently expanded to include the Frenchman Mountain Dolostone, records the Sauk Transgression. And the Thumb Member of the Horse Spring Formation contains rock avalanche deposits that have played a key role in sorting out the tectonic history of the southern Nevada region and the translational history of the Frenchman Mountain/Rainbow Gardens block.
Unraveling the multi-phase history of southern Death Valley geology Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT This field trip is designed to highlight recent findings in regard to the tectonic history of the southern Death Valley region. During the first day, stops will take place in the Ibex Hills and adjacent Ibex Pass area. These stops were chosen to emphasize recent work that supports multiple phases of extension in the region, and is recorded by the interactions of complexly overprinted normal faults. Mapping of the Ibex Hills revealed an older set of normal faults that have a down-to-the-SW sense of movement and are cross-cut by down-to-the-NW style normal faults. Additionally, the Ibex Pass basin poses a number of questions regarding its stratigraphy and how it relates to the timing and kinematics of the region. Multiple stops within the basin will show the variation of volcanic and sedimentary units across Ibex Pass. The second day of the field trip is focused more so on the more recent transtensional and strike-slip history of southern Death Valley. In particular, recent mapping has correlated features in the Avawatz and Owlshead Mountains that indicate ~40k m of offset along the Southern Death Valley Fault Zone (SDVFZ). Stops will take place along traces of the SDVFZ in the Avawatz Mountains and the Noble Hills. The final stop of the trip is in the Mormon Point turtleback, where the implications of the SDVFZ offset are discussed, alongside the metamorphic rocks at the stop, suggesting the restoration of the Panamint Range partially atop the Black Mountains.
Vertebrate paleontology and Cenozoic depositional environments of Death Valley National Park, California, USA Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT The vertebrate paleontology, lithostratigraphies, and depositional environments of the Cenozoic continental Titus Canyon and Furnace Creek Formations have been the subjects of several recent investigations. The two units are exposed in the Amargosa Range in northeastern Death Valley National Park, Inyo County, southeastern California, USA. Fossil tracks and trackways are preserved in playa mudflat deposits of the Pliocene Furnace Creek Formation at the Cow Creek tracksite on the western slope of the central Funeral Mountains. The tracksite includes footprints of birds and land mammals, as well as associated sedimentary structures. The lower red beds of the Titus Canyon Formation have produced numerous fossilized bones and teeth at Titus and upper Titanothere Canyons in the southeastern half of the Grapevine Mountains. The fossil remains represent 17 extinct genera and species of land mammals and one genus and species of pond turtle. The taxa constitute the Titus Canyon Fauna. The rodents Quadratomus ? gigans and Dolocylindrodon texanus , the bear dog Daphoenictis n. sp. (small), and the tapir Colodon stovalli are associated elsewhere only in the correlative, late early late Duchesnean Upper Porvenir Local Fauna of Trans-Pecos or Far West Texas. The local fauna occurs in the Blue Cliff Horizon (i.e., above lower marker bed) in the lower part of the Chambers Tuff Formation. The two assemblages share 12 species. The age of the latter unit is constrained by corrected single-crystal laser-fusion 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dates of 37.83 ± 0.09 Ma for the underlying Buckshot Ignimbrite and 37.14 ± 0.08 Ma for the overlying Bracks Rhyolite. However, both determinations should be considered tentative and subject to change with further investigation. The first green conglomerate unit of the Titus Canyon Formation overlies the lower red beds, underlies the Monarch Canyon Tuff Bed, and has produced the first records of land mammal footprints and a land plant (petrified palm wood) from the formation. The Monarch Canyon Tuff Bed and the Unit 38 Tuff Bed, which lies at the mutual tops of the upper “red beds” and the Titus Canyon Formation, are 34.7 ± 0.7 m.y. old and 30.4 ± 0.6 m.y. old, respectively, based on recalculated 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dates. Consequently, the Titus Canyon Formation is latest middle Eocene to earliest Oligocene in age, according to the 2020 Paleogene time scale.