Update search
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
-
Rif (1)
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Karoo Basin (1)
-
South Africa
-
Cape Province region (1)
-
Eastern Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
-
-
West Africa (1)
-
-
Alexander Terrane (1)
-
Altiplano (1)
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic Peninsula (2)
-
East Antarctica (1)
-
Transantarctic Mountains
-
Beardmore Glacier (1)
-
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Norwegian Sea
-
Kolbeinsey Ridge (1)
-
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
East Greenland (1)
-
Jameson Land (1)
-
-
Russian Arctic
-
Severnaya Zemlya (1)
-
-
Svalbard (1)
-
-
Asia
-
Altai Mountains
-
Gorny Altai (1)
-
-
Altai Russian Federation
-
Gorny Altai (1)
-
-
Altai-Sayan region (1)
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Oman (3)
-
-
Far East
-
China
-
Henan China (1)
-
Inner Mongolia China (1)
-
Jiangxi China (2)
-
Ningxia China (1)
-
Shaanxi China (1)
-
Sichuan China (2)
-
South China Block (1)
-
Xinjiang China (1)
-
Xizang China (1)
-
Yangtze Platform (1)
-
Zhejiang China (1)
-
-
Japan
-
Hokkaido (1)
-
Honshu
-
Tokyo Japan (1)
-
-
-
Taiwan (1)
-
Vietnam (1)
-
-
Himalayas
-
Garhwal Himalayas (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Uttar Pradesh India (1)
-
Uttarakhand India
-
Garhwal Himalayas (1)
-
-
-
Indian Shield (1)
-
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula (1)
-
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Severnaya Zemlya (1)
-
-
Middle East
-
Iran (2)
-
Israel (1)
-
Turkey
-
Pontic Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Russian Pacific region (1)
-
Salair Ridge (1)
-
Siberia (3)
-
West Siberia
-
Severnaya Zemlya (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Gulf of Mexico (3)
-
Northeast Atlantic (1)
-
Straits of Florida (1)
-
-
West Atlantic (1)
-
-
Atlantic region (4)
-
Australasia
-
New Zealand (1)
-
-
Avalon Zone (2)
-
Caledonides (1)
-
Canada
-
Arctic Archipelago (1)
-
Eastern Canada
-
Maritime Provinces
-
New Brunswick
-
Saint John County New Brunswick
-
Saint John New Brunswick (1)
-
-
-
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Newfoundland
-
Port au Port Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
Quebec (2)
-
-
Nunavut
-
Sverdrup Basin (1)
-
-
Queen Elizabeth Islands
-
Sverdrup Basin (1)
-
-
Western Canada
-
British Columbia (2)
-
Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
Manitoba (1)
-
Northwest Territories (1)
-
Yukon Territory (2)
-
-
-
Caribbean region (3)
-
Chicxulub Crater (1)
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
-
Russian Federation
-
Altai Russian Federation
-
Gorny Altai (1)
-
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula (1)
-
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Severnaya Zemlya (1)
-
-
Russian Arctic
-
Severnaya Zemlya (1)
-
-
Russian Pacific region (1)
-
Salair Ridge (1)
-
-
Urals (1)
-
West Siberia
-
Severnaya Zemlya (1)
-
-
-
East Pacific Ocean Islands
-
Guadalupe Island (1)
-
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
Eastern Alps
-
Dolomites (1)
-
-
-
Central Europe
-
Austria (1)
-
Germany (1)
-
Hungary (1)
-
Poland (2)
-
Silesia (1)
-
-
Fennoscandian Shield (1)
-
Southern Europe
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Portugal (1)
-
Spain
-
Asturias Spain (1)
-
Cantabrian Basin (1)
-
Cantabrian Mountains (1)
-
Guadalquivir Basin (1)
-
-
-
Italy
-
Apennines (1)
-
Latium Italy (1)
-
-
-
Variscides (1)
-
Western Europe
-
Belgium (1)
-
France (2)
-
Iceland (1)
-
Ireland (3)
-
Netherlands (1)
-
Scandinavia
-
Norway (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England (1)
-
Wales (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Indian Ocean (2)
-
Mediterranean region (2)
-
Mediterranean Sea (1)
-
Melville Island (1)
-
Mexico
-
Baja California (1)
-
Baja California Mexico (1)
-
Baja California Sur Mexico (1)
-
Sonora Mexico (1)
-
-
North America
-
Appalachians
-
Northern Appalachians (1)
-
-
Basin and Range Province (1)
-
Great Plains (1)
-
Gulf Coastal Plain (3)
-
North American Cordillera
-
Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
-
Rocky Mountains
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Bighorn Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Western Interior
-
Western Interior Seaway (2)
-
-
Williston Basin (1)
-
-
Northern Hemisphere (1)
-
Pacific Coast (2)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific (2)
-
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific (2)
-
-
West Pacific (1)
-
-
Pacific region
-
Circum-Pacific region (1)
-
-
Peel River (1)
-
Prince of Wales Island (1)
-
Roberts Mountains (1)
-
San Nicolas Island (1)
-
Santa Barbara Basin (1)
-
Seymour Island (2)
-
Sierra Nevada (1)
-
South America
-
Andes
-
Argentine Andes (1)
-
-
Argentina
-
Argentine Andes (1)
-
Mendoza Argentina (1)
-
San Juan Argentina (1)
-
-
Bolivia
-
La Paz Bolivia (1)
-
-
Ecuador (1)
-
Lake Titicaca (1)
-
Peru (1)
-
Precordillera (1)
-
-
Southern Hemisphere (1)
-
Strait of Gibraltar (1)
-
United States
-
Alabama (2)
-
Alaska
-
Kenai Peninsula (1)
-
-
Arkansas
-
Independence County Arkansas (1)
-
Madison County Arkansas (1)
-
Newton County Arkansas (1)
-
Searcy County Arkansas (1)
-
Stone County Arkansas (1)
-
-
Atlantic Coastal Plain (1)
-
California
-
Butte County California (1)
-
Central California (1)
-
Channel Islands
-
San Clemente Island (1)
-
-
Inyo County California
-
Inyo Mountains (1)
-
-
Los Angeles County California
-
San Clemente Island (1)
-
-
Mono County California (1)
-
Northern California (2)
-
Riverside County California (1)
-
San Diego County California (1)
-
Santa Barbara County California
-
Point Conception (1)
-
-
Siskiyou County California (1)
-
Southern California (1)
-
-
Cincinnati Arch (2)
-
Colorado (1)
-
Florida (2)
-
Georgia (1)
-
Kansas (1)
-
Kentucky (1)
-
Klamath Mountains (1)
-
Maine (1)
-
Midcontinent (1)
-
Mississippi (1)
-
Nashville Dome (1)
-
Nebraska (1)
-
Nevada
-
Arrow Canyon Range (1)
-
Clark County Nevada (1)
-
Esmeralda County Nevada (1)
-
Eureka County Nevada (1)
-
White Pine County Nevada (1)
-
-
New Mexico (1)
-
North Dakota
-
Logan County North Dakota (1)
-
-
Ohio (1)
-
Oklahoma
-
Adair County Oklahoma (1)
-
Cherokee County Oklahoma (1)
-
Craig County Oklahoma (1)
-
-
Pennsylvania (1)
-
Tennessee (1)
-
Texas
-
Newton County Texas (1)
-
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Bighorn Mountains (1)
-
-
Virginia (1)
-
Washington
-
Grays Harbor County Washington (1)
-
Lewis County Washington (1)
-
Olympic Peninsula (1)
-
Pacific County Washington (1)
-
-
West Virginia (1)
-
Western U.S. (2)
-
-
USSR (1)
-
White Mountains (1)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
-
isotope ratios (1)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes (1)
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
-
-
fossils
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Agnatha (1)
-
Pisces
-
Osteichthyes
-
Actinopterygii
-
Teleostei (1)
-
-
-
-
Tetrapoda
-
Amphibia
-
Labyrinthodontia
-
Temnospondyli (1)
-
-
Lissamphibia
-
Caudata (1)
-
-
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Artiodactyla
-
Suiformes
-
Suidae (1)
-
-
-
Carnivora
-
Fissipeda
-
Ursidae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Reptilia
-
Anapsida
-
Testudines
-
Chelonia (1)
-
-
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
Crocodilia (1)
-
dinosaurs
-
Saurischia
-
Sauropodomorpha (1)
-
Theropoda (1)
-
-
-
Thecodontia
-
Phytosauria (1)
-
-
-
Lepidosauria
-
Squamata (1)
-
-
-
Synapsida
-
Therapsida (1)
-
-
Testudinata (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Graptolithina
-
Graptoloidea (1)
-
-
ichnofossils (1)
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Ostracoda (3)
-
-
-
Trilobitomorpha
-
Trilobita (17)
-
-
-
Brachiopoda
-
Articulata
-
Pentamerida (1)
-
Rhynchonellida (1)
-
Spiriferida
-
Atrypidae
-
Atrypa (1)
-
-
-
-
Inarticulata
-
Lingula (1)
-
-
-
Bryozoa (3)
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa
-
Zoantharia
-
Rugosa (6)
-
Tabulata (3)
-
-
-
-
Echinodermata
-
Echinozoa
-
Echinoidea (2)
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia
-
Heterodonta
-
Veneroida (1)
-
-
Pterioida
-
Pteriina
-
Inocerami
-
Inoceramidae
-
Inoceramus (1)
-
-
-
Pectinacea (1)
-
-
-
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
-
Goniatitida
-
Goniatitidae
-
Goniatites (1)
-
-
-
Perisphinctida (1)
-
-
Nautiloidea (1)
-
-
Gastropoda
-
Mesogastropoda (1)
-
Neogastropoda (1)
-
Prosobranchia (1)
-
-
-
Porifera
-
Stromatoporoidea (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Fusulinina
-
Fusulinidae
-
Triticites (1)
-
-
-
Rotaliina
-
Globigerinacea
-
Globigerinidae
-
Globigerina (1)
-
-
Globorotaliidae
-
Globorotalia (1)
-
-
Neogloboquadrina
-
Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (1)
-
-
-
Orbitoidacea
-
Cibicides (2)
-
Discocyclina (1)
-
-
Rotaliacea
-
Elphidium (1)
-
-
-
-
Radiolaria (4)
-
-
-
Metazoa (1)
-
microfossils
-
Chitinozoa (3)
-
Conodonta (19)
-
Fusulinina
-
Fusulinidae
-
Triticites (1)
-
-
-
problematic microfossils (1)
-
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (1)
-
Chitinozoa (3)
-
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
Coccolithophoraceae (1)
-
diatoms (1)
-
-
-
problematic fossils
-
problematic microfossils (1)
-
-
thallophytes (1)
-
tracks (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
K/Ar (1)
-
paleomagnetism (6)
-
Sm/Nd (1)
-
U/Pb (1)
-
uranium disequilibrium (1)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
Boreal (1)
-
-
Pleistocene (3)
-
upper Quaternary (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Arikareean (1)
-
Lincoln Creek Formation (1)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Fleming Formation (1)
-
lower Miocene
-
Burdigalian (1)
-
-
middle Miocene
-
Langhian (1)
-
-
-
Pliocene
-
upper Pliocene
-
Piacenzian (1)
-
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
lower Eocene (3)
-
middle Eocene (1)
-
Uintan (1)
-
upper Eocene (3)
-
-
Ocala Group (1)
-
Oligocene (2)
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
Danian (1)
-
-
-
upper Paleogene (1)
-
-
Sobral Formation (1)
-
-
upper Cenozoic
-
Villafranchian (1)
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (3)
-
Cheyenne Sandstone (1)
-
Kiowa Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Fox Hills Formation (1)
-
Maestrichtian (4)
-
Senonian (3)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Coast Range Ophiolite (1)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
middle Liassic (1)
-
Pliensbachian (1)
-
Toarcian (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Aalenian (2)
-
Bajocian (1)
-
Bathonian (1)
-
-
-
McHugh Complex (1)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic (1)
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (1)
-
Ladinian (1)
-
-
Upper Triassic
-
Carnian (1)
-
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Bird Spring Formation (1)
-
Cambrian
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Tommotian (1)
-
-
Upper Cambrian (1)
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (1)
-
-
Middle Carboniferous (1)
-
Mississippian
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean (1)
-
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Chesterian (1)
-
Pitkin Limestone (1)
-
-
-
Namurian (1)
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Bashkirian (1)
-
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Gzhelian (1)
-
-
-
Upper Carboniferous (3)
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian
-
Emsian (1)
-
Gedinnian (1)
-
Pragian (1)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Givetian (2)
-
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian (1)
-
Frasnian (1)
-
Kellwasser event (1)
-
-
-
lower Paleozoic (4)
-
Ordovician
-
Davidsville Group (1)
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Arenigian (2)
-
Ibexian (2)
-
Tremadocian (2)
-
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Llanvirnian (1)
-
Table Head Group (1)
-
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (2)
-
Bighorn Dolomite (1)
-
Caradocian (2)
-
Cincinnatian
-
Richmondian (1)
-
-
Hirnantian (1)
-
Katian (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Guadalupian
-
Capitanian (2)
-
-
Lower Permian
-
Cisuralian
-
Artinskian (1)
-
Asselian (1)
-
-
Leonardian (1)
-
Wolfcampian (2)
-
-
Middle Permian (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Lopingian
-
Changhsingian (1)
-
-
-
-
Road River Formation (1)
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery (1)
-
-
-
-
Phanerozoic (1)
-
Precambrian
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Ediacaran (1)
-
Vendian (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
agglutinates (1)
-
igneous rocks
-
volcanic rocks
-
basalts
-
flood basalts (1)
-
-
pyroclastics (1)
-
-
-
ophiolite (1)
-
volcanic ash (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
quartzites (1)
-
-
ophiolite (1)
-
-
minerals
-
silicates
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
zircon group
-
zircon (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (2)
-
Africa
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
-
Rif (1)
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Karoo Basin (1)
-
South Africa
-
Cape Province region (1)
-
Eastern Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
-
-
West Africa (1)
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic Peninsula (2)
-
East Antarctica (1)
-
Transantarctic Mountains
-
Beardmore Glacier (1)
-
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Norwegian Sea
-
Kolbeinsey Ridge (1)
-
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
East Greenland (1)
-
Jameson Land (1)
-
-
Russian Arctic
-
Severnaya Zemlya (1)
-
-
Svalbard (1)
-
-
Asia
-
Altai Mountains
-
Gorny Altai (1)
-
-
Altai Russian Federation
-
Gorny Altai (1)
-
-
Altai-Sayan region (1)
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Oman (3)
-
-
Far East
-
China
-
Henan China (1)
-
Inner Mongolia China (1)
-
Jiangxi China (2)
-
Ningxia China (1)
-
Shaanxi China (1)
-
Sichuan China (2)
-
South China Block (1)
-
Xinjiang China (1)
-
Xizang China (1)
-
Yangtze Platform (1)
-
Zhejiang China (1)
-
-
Japan
-
Hokkaido (1)
-
Honshu
-
Tokyo Japan (1)
-
-
-
Taiwan (1)
-
Vietnam (1)
-
-
Himalayas
-
Garhwal Himalayas (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Uttar Pradesh India (1)
-
Uttarakhand India
-
Garhwal Himalayas (1)
-
-
-
Indian Shield (1)
-
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula (1)
-
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Severnaya Zemlya (1)
-
-
Middle East
-
Iran (2)
-
Israel (1)
-
Turkey
-
Pontic Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Russian Pacific region (1)
-
Salair Ridge (1)
-
Siberia (3)
-
West Siberia
-
Severnaya Zemlya (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Gulf of Mexico (3)
-
Northeast Atlantic (1)
-
Straits of Florida (1)
-
-
West Atlantic (1)
-
-
Atlantic region (4)
-
Australasia
-
New Zealand (1)
-
-
biogeography (102)
-
Canada
-
Arctic Archipelago (1)
-
Eastern Canada
-
Maritime Provinces
-
New Brunswick
-
Saint John County New Brunswick
-
Saint John New Brunswick (1)
-
-
-
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Newfoundland
-
Port au Port Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
Quebec (2)
-
-
Nunavut
-
Sverdrup Basin (1)
-
-
Queen Elizabeth Islands
-
Sverdrup Basin (1)
-
-
Western Canada
-
British Columbia (2)
-
Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
Manitoba (1)
-
Northwest Territories (1)
-
Yukon Territory (2)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
-
Caribbean region (3)
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
Boreal (1)
-
-
Pleistocene (3)
-
upper Quaternary (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Arikareean (1)
-
Lincoln Creek Formation (1)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Fleming Formation (1)
-
lower Miocene
-
Burdigalian (1)
-
-
middle Miocene
-
Langhian (1)
-
-
-
Pliocene
-
upper Pliocene
-
Piacenzian (1)
-
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
lower Eocene (3)
-
middle Eocene (1)
-
Uintan (1)
-
upper Eocene (3)
-
-
Ocala Group (1)
-
Oligocene (2)
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
Danian (1)
-
-
-
upper Paleogene (1)
-
-
Sobral Formation (1)
-
-
upper Cenozoic
-
Villafranchian (1)
-
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Agnatha (1)
-
Pisces
-
Osteichthyes
-
Actinopterygii
-
Teleostei (1)
-
-
-
-
Tetrapoda
-
Amphibia
-
Labyrinthodontia
-
Temnospondyli (1)
-
-
Lissamphibia
-
Caudata (1)
-
-
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Artiodactyla
-
Suiformes
-
Suidae (1)
-
-
-
Carnivora
-
Fissipeda
-
Ursidae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Reptilia
-
Anapsida
-
Testudines
-
Chelonia (1)
-
-
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
Crocodilia (1)
-
dinosaurs
-
Saurischia
-
Sauropodomorpha (1)
-
Theropoda (1)
-
-
-
Thecodontia
-
Phytosauria (1)
-
-
-
Lepidosauria
-
Squamata (1)
-
-
-
Synapsida
-
Therapsida (1)
-
-
Testudinata (1)
-
-
-
-
-
climate change (2)
-
continental drift (12)
-
continental shelf (4)
-
data processing (6)
-
Deep Sea Drilling Project (3)
-
East Pacific Ocean Islands
-
Guadalupe Island (1)
-
-
ecology (4)
-
environmental geology (1)
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
Eastern Alps
-
Dolomites (1)
-
-
-
Central Europe
-
Austria (1)
-
Germany (1)
-
Hungary (1)
-
Poland (2)
-
Silesia (1)
-
-
Fennoscandian Shield (1)
-
Southern Europe
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Portugal (1)
-
Spain
-
Asturias Spain (1)
-
Cantabrian Basin (1)
-
Cantabrian Mountains (1)
-
Guadalquivir Basin (1)
-
-
-
Italy
-
Apennines (1)
-
Latium Italy (1)
-
-
-
Variscides (1)
-
Western Europe
-
Belgium (1)
-
France (2)
-
Iceland (1)
-
Ireland (3)
-
Netherlands (1)
-
Scandinavia
-
Norway (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England (1)
-
Wales (1)
-
-
-
-
-
faults (3)
-
geochronology (1)
-
Graptolithina
-
Graptoloidea (1)
-
-
ichnofossils (1)
-
igneous rocks
-
volcanic rocks
-
basalts
-
flood basalts (1)
-
-
pyroclastics (1)
-
-
-
Indian Ocean (2)
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Ostracoda (3)
-
-
-
Trilobitomorpha
-
Trilobita (17)
-
-
-
Brachiopoda
-
Articulata
-
Pentamerida (1)
-
Rhynchonellida (1)
-
Spiriferida
-
Atrypidae
-
Atrypa (1)
-
-
-
-
Inarticulata
-
Lingula (1)
-
-
-
Bryozoa (3)
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa
-
Zoantharia
-
Rugosa (6)
-
Tabulata (3)
-
-
-
-
Echinodermata
-
Echinozoa
-
Echinoidea (2)
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia
-
Heterodonta
-
Veneroida (1)
-
-
Pterioida
-
Pteriina
-
Inocerami
-
Inoceramidae
-
Inoceramus (1)
-
-
-
Pectinacea (1)
-
-
-
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
-
Goniatitida
-
Goniatitidae
-
Goniatites (1)
-
-
-
Perisphinctida (1)
-
-
Nautiloidea (1)
-
-
Gastropoda
-
Mesogastropoda (1)
-
Neogastropoda (1)
-
Prosobranchia (1)
-
-
-
Porifera
-
Stromatoporoidea (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Fusulinina
-
Fusulinidae
-
Triticites (1)
-
-
-
Rotaliina
-
Globigerinacea
-
Globigerinidae
-
Globigerina (1)
-
-
Globorotaliidae
-
Globorotalia (1)
-
-
Neogloboquadrina
-
Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (1)
-
-
-
Orbitoidacea
-
Cibicides (2)
-
Discocyclina (1)
-
-
Rotaliacea
-
Elphidium (1)
-
-
-
-
Radiolaria (4)
-
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes (1)
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
-
-
Mediterranean region (2)
-
Mediterranean Sea (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (3)
-
Cheyenne Sandstone (1)
-
Kiowa Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Fox Hills Formation (1)
-
Maestrichtian (4)
-
Senonian (3)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Coast Range Ophiolite (1)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
middle Liassic (1)
-
Pliensbachian (1)
-
Toarcian (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Aalenian (2)
-
Bajocian (1)
-
Bathonian (1)
-
-
-
McHugh Complex (1)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic (1)
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (1)
-
Ladinian (1)
-
-
Upper Triassic
-
Carnian (1)
-
-
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
quartzites (1)
-
-
Mexico
-
Baja California (1)
-
Baja California Mexico (1)
-
Baja California Sur Mexico (1)
-
Sonora Mexico (1)
-
-
North America
-
Appalachians
-
Northern Appalachians (1)
-
-
Basin and Range Province (1)
-
Great Plains (1)
-
Gulf Coastal Plain (3)
-
North American Cordillera
-
Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
-
Rocky Mountains
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Bighorn Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Western Interior
-
Western Interior Seaway (2)
-
-
Williston Basin (1)
-
-
Northern Hemisphere (1)
-
ocean circulation (2)
-
Ocean Drilling Program
-
Leg 167
-
ODP Site 1012 (1)
-
ODP Site 1017 (1)
-
ODP Site 1018 (1)
-
ODP Site 1019 (1)
-
ODP Site 1020 (1)
-
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
-
Pacific Coast (2)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific (2)
-
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific (2)
-
-
West Pacific (1)
-
-
Pacific region
-
Circum-Pacific region (1)
-
-
paleoclimatology (16)
-
paleoecology (32)
-
paleogeography (44)
-
paleomagnetism (6)
-
paleontology (32)
-
Paleozoic
-
Bird Spring Formation (1)
-
Cambrian
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Tommotian (1)
-
-
Upper Cambrian (1)
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (1)
-
-
Middle Carboniferous (1)
-
Mississippian
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean (1)
-
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Chesterian (1)
-
Pitkin Limestone (1)
-
-
-
Namurian (1)
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Bashkirian (1)
-
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Gzhelian (1)
-
-
-
Upper Carboniferous (3)
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian
-
Emsian (1)
-
Gedinnian (1)
-
Pragian (1)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Givetian (2)
-
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian (1)
-
Frasnian (1)
-
Kellwasser event (1)
-
-
-
lower Paleozoic (4)
-
Ordovician
-
Davidsville Group (1)
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Arenigian (2)
-
Ibexian (2)
-
Tremadocian (2)
-
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Llanvirnian (1)
-
Table Head Group (1)
-
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (2)
-
Bighorn Dolomite (1)
-
Caradocian (2)
-
Cincinnatian
-
Richmondian (1)
-
-
Hirnantian (1)
-
Katian (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Guadalupian
-
Capitanian (2)
-
-
Lower Permian
-
Cisuralian
-
Artinskian (1)
-
Asselian (1)
-
-
Leonardian (1)
-
Wolfcampian (2)
-
-
Middle Permian (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Lopingian
-
Changhsingian (1)
-
-
-
-
Road River Formation (1)
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery (1)
-
-
-
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (1)
-
Chitinozoa (3)
-
-
Phanerozoic (1)
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
Coccolithophoraceae (1)
-
diatoms (1)
-
-
-
plate tectonics (4)
-
Precambrian
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Ediacaran (1)
-
Vendian (2)
-
-
-
-
-
problematic fossils
-
problematic microfossils (1)
-
-
sea-level changes (6)
-
sedimentary petrology (2)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
limestone (5)
-
travertine (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
black shale (1)
-
conglomerate (2)
-
diamictite (1)
-
red beds (1)
-
sandstone (1)
-
siltstone (1)
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
biogenic structures
-
bioherms (1)
-
stromatolites (1)
-
thrombolites (1)
-
-
-
sedimentation (6)
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
clay (1)
-
silt (1)
-
-
marine sediments (3)
-
-
South America
-
Andes
-
Argentine Andes (1)
-
-
Argentina
-
Argentine Andes (1)
-
Mendoza Argentina (1)
-
San Juan Argentina (1)
-
-
Bolivia
-
La Paz Bolivia (1)
-
-
Ecuador (1)
-
Lake Titicaca (1)
-
Peru (1)
-
Precordillera (1)
-
-
Southern Hemisphere (1)
-
stratigraphy (37)
-
tectonics (5)
-
tectonophysics (1)
-
thallophytes (1)
-
United States
-
Alabama (2)
-
Alaska
-
Kenai Peninsula (1)
-
-
Arkansas
-
Independence County Arkansas (1)
-
Madison County Arkansas (1)
-
Newton County Arkansas (1)
-
Searcy County Arkansas (1)
-
Stone County Arkansas (1)
-
-
Atlantic Coastal Plain (1)
-
California
-
Butte County California (1)
-
Central California (1)
-
Channel Islands
-
San Clemente Island (1)
-
-
Inyo County California
-
Inyo Mountains (1)
-
-
Los Angeles County California
-
San Clemente Island (1)
-
-
Mono County California (1)
-
Northern California (2)
-
Riverside County California (1)
-
San Diego County California (1)
-
Santa Barbara County California
-
Point Conception (1)
-
-
Siskiyou County California (1)
-
Southern California (1)
-
-
Cincinnati Arch (2)
-
Colorado (1)
-
Florida (2)
-
Georgia (1)
-
Kansas (1)
-
Kentucky (1)
-
Klamath Mountains (1)
-
Maine (1)
-
Midcontinent (1)
-
Mississippi (1)
-
Nashville Dome (1)
-
Nebraska (1)
-
Nevada
-
Arrow Canyon Range (1)
-
Clark County Nevada (1)
-
Esmeralda County Nevada (1)
-
Eureka County Nevada (1)
-
White Pine County Nevada (1)
-
-
New Mexico (1)
-
North Dakota
-
Logan County North Dakota (1)
-
-
Ohio (1)
-
Oklahoma
-
Adair County Oklahoma (1)
-
Cherokee County Oklahoma (1)
-
Craig County Oklahoma (1)
-
-
Pennsylvania (1)
-
Tennessee (1)
-
Texas
-
Newton County Texas (1)
-
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Bighorn Mountains (1)
-
-
Virginia (1)
-
Washington
-
Grays Harbor County Washington (1)
-
Lewis County Washington (1)
-
Olympic Peninsula (1)
-
Pacific County Washington (1)
-
-
West Virginia (1)
-
Western U.S. (2)
-
-
USSR (1)
-
-
rock formations
-
Beaufort Group (1)
-
Cache Creek Group (1)
-
Deccan Traps (1)
-
Emeishan Basalts (1)
-
Lopez de Bertodano Formation (1)
-
San Miguel Formation (1)
-
Siberian Traps (1)
-
-
sedimentary rocks
-
flysch (1)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
limestone (5)
-
travertine (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
black shale (1)
-
conglomerate (2)
-
diamictite (1)
-
red beds (1)
-
sandstone (1)
-
siltstone (1)
-
-
-
siliciclastics (1)
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
sedimentary structures
-
biogenic structures
-
bioherms (1)
-
stromatolites (1)
-
thrombolites (1)
-
-
-
tracks (1)
-
-
sediments
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
clay (1)
-
silt (1)
-
-
marine sediments (3)
-
-
siliciclastics (1)
-
GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
faunal provinces
Magnetostratigraphy of the Collepardo Late Pliocene faunal assemblage (Early Villafranchian Triversa Faunal Unit), Ernici Mts., Central Italy Available to Purchase
Faunal provinciality in the Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway using network modeling Available to Purchase
The unusual atrypide brachiopod Qilianotryma suspectum (Popov, 1982) from the Upper Ordovician of the South China paleoplate Open Access
Coupling of geographic range and provincialism in Cambrian marine invertebrates Open Access
The identity and significance of the high-latitude Early Ordovician Mediterranean brachiopod Province Available to Purchase
Cambrian and earliest Ordovician fauna and geology of the Sông Đà and adjacent terranes in Việt Nam (Vietnam) Available to Purchase
Evaluating Devonian bioregionalization: quantifying biogeographic areas Available to Purchase
Neritoptyx hogansoni new species (Gastropoda, Mollusca) from the Upper Cretaceous Fox Hills Formation on the Dakota Isthmus, western United States Available to Purchase
The Paleogeographic Evolution of the Orthophragminids of the Paleogene Available to Purchase
Global biogeography of Albian ammonoids: A network-based approach Open Access
Using network analysis to trace the evolution of biogeography through geologic time: A case study Open Access
Continental-scale biogeographic variation: provinces versus gradients in the Upper Ordovician of Laurentia Available to Purchase
Biotic invasion, niche stability, and the assembly of regional biotas in deep time: comparison between faunal provinces Available to Purchase
The vertebrate-bearing Late Triassic Fleming Fjord Formation of central East Greenland revisited: stratigraphy, palaeoclimate and new palaeontological data Available to Purchase
Abstract In Late Triassic (Norian–Rhaetian) times, the Jameson Land Basin lay at 40° N on the northern part of the supercontinent Pangaea. This position placed the basin in a transition zone between the relatively dry interior of the supercontinent and its more humid periphery. Sedimentation in the Jameson Land Basin took place in a lake–mudflat system and was controlled by orbitally forced variations in precipitation. Vertebrate fossils have consistently been found in these lake deposits (Fleming Fjord Formation), and include fishes, dinosaurs, amphibians, turtles, aetosaurs and pterosaurs. Furthermore, the fauna includes mammaliaform teeth and skeletal material. New vertebrate fossils were found during a joint vertebrate palaeontological and sedimentological expedition to Jameson Land in 2012. These new finds include phytosaurs, a second stem testudinatan specimen and new material of sauropodomorph dinosaurs, including osteologically immature individuals. Phytosaurs are a group of predators common in the Late Triassic, but previously unreported from Greenland. The finding includes well-preserved partial skeletons that show the occurrence of four individuals of three size classes. The new finds support a late Norian–early Rhaetian age for the Fleming Fjord Formation, and add new information on the palaeogeographical and palaeolatitudinal distribution of Late Triassic faunal provinces.
Large igneous provinces and mass extinctions: An update Available to Purchase
The temporal link between mass extinctions and large igneous provinces is well known. Here, we examine this link by focusing on the potential climatic effects of large igneous province eruptions during several extinction crises that show the best correlation with mass volcanism: the Frasnian-Famennian (Late Devonian), Capitanian (Middle Permian), end-Permian, end-Triassic, and Toarcian (Early Jurassic) extinctions. It is clear that there is no direct correlation between total volume of lava and extinction magnitude because there is always sufficient recovery time between individual eruptions to negate any cumulative effect of successive flood basalt eruptions. Instead, the environmental and climatic damage must be attributed to single-pulse gas effusions. It is notable that the best-constrained examples of death-by-volcanism record the main extinction pulse at the onset of (often explosive) volcanism (e.g., the Capitanian, end-Permian, and end-Triassic examples), suggesting that the rapid injection of vast quantities of volcanic gas (CO 2 and SO 2 ) is the trigger for a truly major biotic catastrophe. Warming and marine anoxia feature in many extinction scenarios, indicating that the ability of a large igneous province to induce these proximal killers (from CO 2 emissions and thermogenic greenhouse gases) is the single most important factor governing its lethality. Intriguingly, many voluminous large igneous province eruptions, especially those of the Cretaceous oceanic plateaus, are not associated with significant extinction losses. This suggests that the link between the two phenomena may be controlled by a range of factors, including continental configuration, the latitude, volume, rate, and duration of eruption, its style and setting (continental vs. oceanic), the preexisting climate state, and the resilience of the extant biota to change.
An earth system approach to understanding the end-Ordovician (Hirnantian) mass extinction Available to Purchase
The Hirnantian mass extinction is recognized as the first of the “big three” extinctions and, along with the end-Permian and end-Cretaceous events, is the result of an acceleration in biotic extinctions concomitant with a rise in originations. The Hirnantian mass extinction is characterized by high taxonomic impact and within-community extinctions. The Hirnantian mass extinction is also unusual in that (1) it is associated with glaciation, but there is little evidence elsewhere in the younger Phanerozoic that glaciations have been a cause of mass extinction, and (2) there is limited understanding of how glaciation could directly cause mass extinction, particularly in the marine realm. In this review, we argue that coordinated extinctions occurred at the onset and termination of glaciation and were due to climatically induced changes in relative sea level, ocean redox stratification, and sea-surface temperature gradients. These earth system changes resulted in a reduction in prospective niche space, both in the water column and on the seafloor, which in turn led to increased competition and selection pressures, resulting in extinctions where the carrying capacities of particular ecological niches were exceeded. The long-term ventilation of the oceans broke the link between glaciation and mass extinction.
Modern incursions of tropical Radiolaria into the Arctic Ocean Available to Purchase
Biogeography of Iberian Atlantic Neogene Marginelliform Gastropods (Marginellidae, Cystiscidae): Global Change and Transatlantic Colonization Available to Purchase
The Ordovician brachiopod radiation: Roles of alpha, beta, and gamma diversity Available to Purchase
The Ordovician Period (ca. 488–444 Ma) witnessed profound changes in the biodiversity and biocomplexity of marine life, marked by the installation of a benthos dominated by suspension-feeding animals, most notably the brachiopods. The Ordovician brachiopod fauna was dominated by rhynchonelliformeans in contrast to that of the underlying Cambrian System, characterized by a diversity of various non-articulated groups. Over an interval of some 25 m.y., accelerating γ (inter-provincial), β (inter-community), and α (intra-community) diversity was initiated by high diversities among Early Ordovician brachiopod faunas associated with the dispersal of the continents and the high frequency of volcanic arcs and microcontinents (γ diversity). During the Early and Middle Ordovician, community types expanded particularly into deeper water and around carbonate platforms and structures (β diversity). Moreover, during the period the α diversity of individual assemblages increased from <10 species during the Late Cambrian to ~30 in the Late Ordovician, with the canalization of ecological niches and the opportunity for more densely packed communities. The end-Ordovician extinction event was a severe crisis for the more common Ordovician taxa, the orthide and strophomenide brachiopods. Whereas some widespread taxa, characteristic of deep-water environments, survived, many from shallower-water, together with those from the deep shelf and slope, disappeared. The subsequent Silurian fauna became increasingly dominated by atrypide, athyridide, spiriferide, and rhynchonellide brachiopods.