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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Afar (2)
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Cape Verde Islands (2)
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Central Africa
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Congo Democratic Republic
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Kivu Congo Democratic Republic
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Nyiragongo (2)
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East Africa
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Djibouti (5)
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Ethiopia
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Omo Valley (1)
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Ethiopian Rift (1)
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Kenya
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Kenya Rift valley (3)
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East African Rift (6)
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Madagascar
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North Africa
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Southern Africa
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South Africa
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Atlantic Ocean
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U-238/Th-230 (1)
-
U-238/Th-232 (1)
-
U-238/U-234 (1)
-
-
-
alkali metals
-
cesium
-
Cs-137 (1)
-
-
lithium
-
Li-7 (1)
-
Li-7/Li-6 (1)
-
-
potassium (6)
-
rubidium (1)
-
sodium (2)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
barium (2)
-
beryllium
-
Be-10 (2)
-
Be-10/Be-9 (1)
-
-
calcium
-
Ca-44/Ca-40 (1)
-
-
magnesium
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (1)
-
-
radium
-
Ra-226 (4)
-
Th-230/Ra-226 (3)
-
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (35)
-
-
-
aluminum (5)
-
arsenic (1)
-
chromium (2)
-
copper (2)
-
gold (2)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (6)
-
-
iron
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (1)
-
ferric iron (1)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (12)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (7)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (3)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (6)
-
Pb-208/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-210 (2)
-
U-238/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
manganese (3)
-
mercury (5)
-
niobium (2)
-
platinum group
-
iridium (1)
-
osmium
-
Os-188/Os-187 (2)
-
-
-
precious metals (4)
-
rare earths
-
cerium (1)
-
europium (1)
-
lanthanum (1)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (20)
-
-
ytterbium (1)
-
yttrium (3)
-
-
tantalum (1)
-
titanium (4)
-
vanadium (2)
-
zinc (2)
-
zirconium (2)
-
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (1)
-
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-40 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (2)
-
-
helium
-
He-3 (2)
-
He-4/He-3 (5)
-
-
radon
-
Rn-220 (1)
-
Rn-222 (3)
-
-
xenon (1)
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (23)
-
-
phosphorus (2)
-
short-lived isotopes (1)
-
silicon
-
Si-30 (1)
-
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (6)
-
-
trace metals (3)
-
-
fossils
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Artiodactyla
-
Ruminantia
-
Bovidae
-
Bos (1)
-
-
-
-
Perissodactyla
-
Hippomorpha
-
Equidae
-
Equus (1)
-
-
-
-
Primates
-
Hominidae
-
Homo
-
Homo erectus (1)
-
Homo habilis (1)
-
Homo sapiens
-
Homo sapiens neanderthalensis (1)
-
-
-
-
simians (1)
-
-
Proboscidea
-
Elephantoidea
-
Elephantidae
-
Elephas (1)
-
-
-
-
Rodentia (1)
-
-
-
-
Reptilia
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
dinosaurs
-
Saurischia
-
Sauropodomorpha
-
Sauropoda
-
Titanosauridae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Synapsida
-
Therapsida (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
fossil man (1)
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Branchiopoda
-
Cladocera (1)
-
-
Ostracoda (2)
-
-
Insecta
-
Pterygota
-
Neoptera
-
Endopterygota
-
Diptera
-
Chironomidae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Brachiopoda (2)
-
Bryozoa (1)
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa
-
Zoantharia
-
Scleractinia
-
Porites (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia (1)
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
-
Ammonites (1)
-
-
-
Gastropoda (1)
-
-
Porifera (1)
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera (8)
-
Radiolaria (3)
-
-
-
microfossils
-
Conodonta (4)
-
-
palynomorphs
-
Dinoflagellata
-
Peridinium (1)
-
-
miospores
-
pollen (2)
-
-
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
calcareous algae (1)
-
diatoms (4)
-
nannofossils
-
Nannoconus (2)
-
-
Rhodophyta
-
Corallinaceae (1)
-
-
-
Pteridophyta
-
Lycopsida (1)
-
Sphenopsida
-
Sphenophyllum (1)
-
-
-
Spermatophyta
-
Angiospermae (1)
-
Gymnospermae (1)
-
-
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (3)
-
Ar/Ar (101)
-
exposure age (7)
-
fission-track dating (3)
-
He/He (2)
-
infrared stimulated luminescence (1)
-
K/Ar (45)
-
Lu/Hf (2)
-
optical mineralogy (1)
-
optically stimulated luminescence (1)
-
paleomagnetism (54)
-
Pb/Pb (1)
-
Rb/Sr (4)
-
Re/Os (2)
-
tephrochronology (50)
-
Th/U (14)
-
thermochronology (3)
-
thermoluminescence (3)
-
tree rings (7)
-
U/Pb (40)
-
U/Th/Pb (1)
-
uranium disequilibrium (10)
-
-
geologic age
-
Anthropocene (1)
-
Cenozoic
-
Bronze Age (5)
-
Koobi Fora Formation (4)
-
middle Cenozoic (1)
-
Omo Group (3)
-
Quaternary
-
Cordilleran ice sheet (3)
-
Holocene
-
lower Holocene (9)
-
Mesolithic (2)
-
Middle Ages (2)
-
middle Holocene (3)
-
Neoglacial
-
Little Ice Age (1)
-
-
upper Holocene
-
Little Ice Age (1)
-
Roman period (3)
-
-
-
Mazama Ash (1)
-
Pleistocene
-
Bandelier Tuff (6)
-
Bishop Tuff (12)
-
lower Pleistocene (3)
-
Matuyama Chron (2)
-
middle Pleistocene (2)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (2)
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Allerod (2)
-
Younger Dryas (2)
-
-
-
Wisconsinan
-
upper Wisconsinan
-
Fraser Glaciation (1)
-
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary
-
Brunhes Chron (3)
-
-
-
Shungura Formation (3)
-
Stone Age
-
Mesolithic (2)
-
Paleolithic
-
Acheulian (1)
-
middle Paleolithic (1)
-
upper Paleolithic (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Apache Leap Tuff (1)
-
John Day Formation (2)
-
lower Tertiary (1)
-
middle Tertiary (1)
-
Neogene
-
Deschutes Formation (1)
-
Miocene
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (25)
-
Ellensburg Formation (1)
-
Grande Ronde Basalt (8)
-
lower Miocene
-
Burdigalian (1)
-
-
middle Miocene (8)
-
Paintbrush Tuff (2)
-
Peach Springs Tuff (1)
-
Picture Gorge Basalt (3)
-
Saddle Mountains Basalt (3)
-
upper Miocene (5)
-
Wanapum Basalt (2)
-
-
Ogallala Formation (1)
-
Pliocene
-
lower Pliocene (2)
-
upper Pliocene
-
Piacenzian (1)
-
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
Castle Hayne Limestone (1)
-
Clarno Formation (4)
-
lower Eocene (2)
-
middle Eocene (1)
-
upper Eocene (2)
-
-
Oligocene
-
Fish Canyon Tuff (7)
-
upper Oligocene (2)
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
Danian (3)
-
K-T boundary (11)
-
-
-
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (2)
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic
-
Newer Volcanics (1)
-
Nihewan Formation (1)
-
-
-
Lake Bonneville (1)
-
Laurentide ice sheet (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (1)
-
Aptian
-
lower Aptian (1)
-
-
Barremian (2)
-
Valanginian (2)
-
Yingcheng Formation (1)
-
-
Mancos Shale (1)
-
Middle Cretaceous (2)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Ferron Sandstone Member (1)
-
K-T boundary (11)
-
Lameta Formation (2)
-
Maestrichtian (4)
-
Tuolumne Intrusive Suite (2)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Ferrar Group (4)
-
Kirkpatrick Basalt (1)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Pliensbachian (1)
-
Sinemurian (1)
-
Toarcian (3)
-
Triassic-Jurassic boundary (2)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Bajocian
-
Yakoun Group (1)
-
-
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Oxfordian (1)
-
-
-
lower Mesozoic (2)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (4)
-
-
Middle Triassic
-
Ladinian (1)
-
-
Upper Triassic
-
Carnian (3)
-
Rhaetian (1)
-
Triassic-Jurassic boundary (2)
-
-
-
-
MIS 2 (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Upper Cambrian (1)
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous (1)
-
Mississippian
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean (1)
-
-
Stanley Group (1)
-
-
Namurian (1)
-
Pennsylvanian (1)
-
-
Devonian
-
Fisset Brook Formation (1)
-
Lower Devonian
-
Emsian (1)
-
-
Old Red Sandstone (1)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Kellwasser event (1)
-
-
-
lower Paleozoic (2)
-
Madera Formation (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Arenigian (1)
-
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Deicke Bentonite Bed (3)
-
Millbrig Bentonite Bed (3)
-
Platteville Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Caradocian
-
Borrowdale Volcanic Group (1)
-
-
Cincinnatian (1)
-
Katian (1)
-
Mohawkian (1)
-
Sandbian (1)
-
-
Womble Shale (1)
-
-
Permian
-
Guadalupian
-
Capitanian (3)
-
-
Lower Permian (1)
-
Maokou Formation (1)
-
Shihezi Formation (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (4)
-
-
-
Silurian
-
Upper Silurian (1)
-
-
Taiyuan Formation (1)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Shanxi Formation (1)
-
-
-
Phanerozoic (3)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Neoarchean (2)
-
Paleoarchean
-
Hooggenoeg Formation (1)
-
-
-
Kingston Peak Formation (1)
-
North Shore Volcanics (2)
-
Onverwacht Group (2)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Keweenawan (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Gawler Range Volcanics (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (1)
-
Marinoan (1)
-
Sturtian (1)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic (2)
-
-
-
Ventersdorp Supergroup (1)
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
extrusive rocks (9)
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (9)
-
granophyre (3)
-
hypabyssal rocks (1)
-
kamafugite (1)
-
kimberlite (10)
-
peperite (2)
-
picrite (2)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (1)
-
diabase (2)
-
diorites
-
plagiogranite (1)
-
quartz diorites (1)
-
trondhjemite (1)
-
-
essexite (1)
-
granites
-
aplite (1)
-
A-type granites (1)
-
granite porphyry (1)
-
leucogranite (1)
-
microgranite (1)
-
S-type granites (1)
-
two-mica granite (1)
-
-
granodiorites (1)
-
lamproite (1)
-
pegmatite (2)
-
syenites
-
nepheline syenite (1)
-
quartz syenite (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites
-
lherzolite (1)
-
spinel lherzolite (1)
-
spinel peridotite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
garnet pyroxenite (1)
-
-
-
-
porphyry
-
vitrophyre (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
adakites (2)
-
andesites (75)
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
alkali olivine basalt (2)
-
hawaiite (5)
-
mugearite (3)
-
trachybasalts (2)
-
-
columnar basalt (2)
-
flood basalts (48)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (8)
-
ocean-island basalts (8)
-
olivine basalt (2)
-
olivine tholeiite (2)
-
shoshonite (7)
-
tholeiite (13)
-
tholeiitic basalt (8)
-
trap rocks (1)
-
-
basanite (6)
-
benmoreite (3)
-
dacites (38)
-
glasses
-
obsidian (10)
-
palagonite (1)
-
perlite (1)
-
volcanic glass (29)
-
-
komatiite (2)
-
latite (4)
-
leucitite (2)
-
nephelinite (3)
-
phonolites (13)
-
pyroclastics
-
andesite tuff (1)
-
ash-flow tuff (25)
-
hyaloclastite (6)
-
ignimbrite (72)
-
pumice (87)
-
rhyolite tuff (11)
-
scoria (32)
-
tuff (99)
-
welded tuff (6)
-
-
rhyodacites (9)
-
rhyolites
-
comendite (2)
-
pantellerite (2)
-
-
tephrite (3)
-
trachyandesites (9)
-
trachytes (17)
-
vitrophyre (1)
-
-
-
volcanic ash (105)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
K-bentonite (3)
-
metamorphic rocks
-
cataclasites (1)
-
eclogite (1)
-
fulgurite (1)
-
gneisses
-
paragneiss (1)
-
-
impactites (2)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasalt (1)
-
metakomatiite (1)
-
metatuff (1)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
paragneiss (1)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
skarn (1)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (5)
-
schists
-
greenstone (1)
-
-
-
turbidite (7)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites (2)
-
-
minerals
-
alloys (1)
-
arsenates (2)
-
carbonates
-
azurite (1)
-
calcite (3)
-
cerussite (1)
-
malachite (1)
-
siderite (1)
-
-
copper minerals (1)
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
atacamite (1)
-
halite (1)
-
sylvite (1)
-
vanadinite (1)
-
-
fluorides
-
fluorite (1)
-
topaz (1)
-
-
-
hydrates (1)
-
K-bentonite (3)
-
manganese minerals (1)
-
minerals (2)
-
molybdates
-
wulfenite (1)
-
-
native elements
-
diamond (4)
-
graphite (2)
-
-
oxides
-
akaganeite (1)
-
aluminum oxides (1)
-
baddeleyite (2)
-
cuprite (1)
-
hausmannite (1)
-
hematite (1)
-
ilmenite (3)
-
iron oxides (3)
-
magnetite (7)
-
perovskite (1)
-
spinel (3)
-
tantalates
-
microlite (7)
-
-
titanium oxides (2)
-
titanomagnetite (6)
-
ulvospinel (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (8)
-
-
silicates
-
aluminosilicates (1)
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
actinolite (1)
-
cummingtonite (1)
-
hastingsite (1)
-
hornblende (7)
-
kaersutite (1)
-
pargasite (1)
-
tremolite (1)
-
tschermakite (1)
-
-
orthoamphibole
-
gedrite (1)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
augite (2)
-
diopside (1)
-
fassaite (1)
-
hedenbergite (2)
-
jadeite (1)
-
-
orthopyroxene (6)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
adularia (2)
-
anorthoclase (3)
-
K-feldspar (1)
-
orthoclase (1)
-
sanidine (18)
-
-
plagioclase
-
albite (1)
-
andesine (1)
-
anorthite (3)
-
-
-
nepheline group
-
nepheline (4)
-
-
scapolite group
-
scapolite (1)
-
-
silica minerals
-
cristobalite (1)
-
opal
-
opal-A (1)
-
-
quartz (14)
-
-
sodalite group
-
sodalite (1)
-
-
zeolite group
-
mordenite (1)
-
-
-
magnesian silicates (1)
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
garnet group
-
andradite (1)
-
-
olivine group
-
fayalite (1)
-
forsterite (1)
-
olivine (17)
-
-
titanite group
-
titanite (1)
-
-
topaz (1)
-
zircon group
-
zircon (42)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
epidote group
-
allanite (1)
-
-
melilite group
-
melilite (1)
-
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
clay minerals
-
chrysocolla (1)
-
kaolinite (1)
-
smectite (3)
-
-
mica group
-
annite (1)
-
biotite (7)
-
-
-
-
sulfates
-
alunite (1)
-
anglesite (1)
-
anhydrite (1)
-
gypsum (1)
-
kieserite (1)
-
thenardite (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
cinnabar (2)
-
metacinnabar (1)
-
pyrite (2)
-
zinc sulfides (1)
-
-
tungstates
-
stolzite (1)
-
-
vanadates
-
descloizite (1)
-
vanadinite (1)
-
volborthite (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (215)
-
Africa
-
Afar (2)
-
Cape Verde Islands (2)
-
Central Africa
-
Congo Democratic Republic
-
Kivu Congo Democratic Republic
-
Nyiragongo (2)
-
-
-
-
East Africa
-
Djibouti (5)
-
Ethiopia
-
Omo Valley (1)
-
-
Ethiopian Rift (1)
-
Kenya
-
Kenya Rift valley (3)
-
-
Lake Malawi (1)
-
Lake Natron (1)
-
Lake Turkana (3)
-
Tanzania
-
Oldoinyo Lengai (7)
-
-
Turkana Basin (4)
-
Uganda (1)
-
-
East African Lakes
-
Lake Malawi (1)
-
Lake Natron (1)
-
Lake Turkana (3)
-
-
East African Rift (6)
-
Madagascar
-
Mahajanga Basin (1)
-
-
North Africa
-
Egypt (2)
-
Morocco
-
Rif (1)
-
-
Tunisia (1)
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Barberton greenstone belt (2)
-
Botswana (1)
-
Karoo Basin (1)
-
Lesotho (2)
-
Namibia
-
Damara Belt (1)
-
Tsumeb Namibia (1)
-
-
South Africa
-
Eastern Cape Province South Africa (1)
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Ocean Drilling Program
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
eruptions
THE EASTERN PART OF THE PLANETARY LASER-INTERFEROMETRIC SEISMOACOUSTIC OBSERVATORY Available to Purchase
Groundmass pyroxene crystal habits (trachts) record syneruptive magma dynamics in glassy pyroclasts Available to Purchase
Young zircon ages and compositions at Oregon's Mount Hood as evidence of high-silica magma storage underneath an andesitic arc volcano Open Access
Insights into Cordilleran collisional processes: Early shared history of the Eocene Siletzia and Yakutat terranes as a ridge-centered oceanic plateau Available to Purchase
THE EASTERN PART OF THE PLANETARY LASER-INTERFEROMETRIC SEISMOACOUSTIC OBSERVATORY Available to Purchase
New 40 Ar/ 39 Ar eruption ages reveal an important temporal relationship between mafic and silicic volcanism in the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field Available to Purchase
Sequential phreatomagmatic eruptions during the lateral propagation of giant dyke swarms Available to Purchase
Induced Resonance and Forces Imparted on Buildings from Volcano Infrasound Open Access
From flow to furnace: Low viscosity of three-phase lavas measured at Kīlauea 2018 eruption conditions Open Access
The ad 79 Vesuvius eruption revisited: Plinian and post-Plinian falls Available to Purchase
The ad 79 Vesuvius eruption revisited: the pyroclastic density currents Available to Purchase
High-precision U–Pb geochronology of the Lundy igneous complex: implications for North Atlantic volcanism and the far-field Paleocene–Eocene ash record Open Access
b ‐Value Maps for Some Volcanoes Worldwide: What Do We Learn? Available to Purchase
Prolonged reducing and ferruginous oceanic conditions and abrupt global seawater oxidation after oceanic anoxic event 1a Open Access
Re-examination of vesbine in vanadate-rich sublimate-related associations of Vesuvius (Italy): Mineralogical features and origin Available to Purchase
Reference 1D Seismic Velocity Models for Volcano Monitoring and Imaging: Methods, Models, and Applications Available to Purchase
Lava flow-hosted reservoirs: a review Open Access
Abstract Lava flows form important fluid reservoirs and have been extensively exploited for water aquifers, geothermal energy, hydrocarbon production and, more recently, for carbon storage. Effusive subaerial mafic to intermediate lava flows account for vast rock volumes globally, and form reservoirs with properties dictated by well-known lava flow facies ranging from pāhoehoe through several transitional forms to ‘a’ā lava. These variations in flow type lead to critical differences in the pore structure, distribution, connectivity, strength and fracturing of individual lava flows, which, alongside lava flow package architectures, determine primary reservoir potential. Lava flow margins with vesicular, fracture and often autobreccia-hosted pore structures can have porosities commonly exceeding 40% and matrix permeabilities over 10 −11 m 2 (>10 D) separated by much lower porosity and permeability flow interiors. Secondary post-emplacement physicochemical changes related to fracturing, meteoric, diagenetic and hydrothermal alteration can significantly modify reservoir potential through a complex interplay of mineral transformation, pore-clogging secondary minerals and dissolution, which must be carefully characterized and assessed during exploration and appraisal. Within this contribution, a review of selected global lava flow-hosted reservoir occurrences is presented, followed by a discussion of the factors that influence lava flow reservoir potential.
Depositional system and plant ecosystem responses to long-term low tempo volcanism, the Interbasaltic Formation, Antrim Lava Group Open Access
Abstract The Antrim Lava Group of NE Ireland comprises a volcanic sequence dominated by basaltic lava flows. Including subsidiary sedimentary interlayers and some evolved lavas and intrusions, the overall sequence reaches a cumulative thickness of ∼800 m. The tempo of eruption of the Antrim Lava Group is poorly constrained but can be evaluated via weathering patterns and environmental reconstructions derived from lava-flow interbeds. In this contribution, we present palynology from a newly identified and well-developed 2.0–2.5 m thick sedimentary sequence (interbed) at Ross's Quarry, Ballycastle, Co. Antrim, that helps elucidate the contemporary development of environments in a setting subject to periodic basaltic volcanism. The interbed is subdivided into geologically distinct subunits of cross-bedded and parallel-bedded sandstones and sandy siltstones, all rich in visible organic remains such as rootlets and fragments of wood and bark. A total of 19 samples was collected from the sequence and subsequently analysed for palynological content. The palynomorph data point toward a diversity of inputs ranging from estuaries, chalky soils, dry soils, swamps, lakes, floodplains, sand bars, wet soils, established bogs and fenlands. In contrast to current understanding, the palynological data and their inferred environments collectively reveal the presence of flora that favour a temperate climate rather than the subtropical climate that has previously been inferred from the lateritic interbeds of the Antrim Lava Group. By combining the Ross's Quarry observations with palynological data from other quarry sites and boreholes in Antrim, we provide new insights into the climate, weathering systems and eruptive history of the Antrim Lava Group.