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elements, isotopes
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- isotope ratios (67)
- isotopes
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    - tritium (3)
    - U-238/Th-230 (1)
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  - stable isotopes
    - Ar-40 (1)
    - Be-10/Be-9 (1)
    - C-13/C-12 (23)
    - D/H (5)
    - deuterium (2)
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    - Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
    - Li-7 (1)
    - Mg-26/Mg-24 (1)
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    - Nd-144/Nd-143 (16)
    - O-18/O-16 (18)
    - Os-188/Os-187 (2)
    - Pb-206/Pb-204 (9)
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    - Pb-208/Pb-204 (5)
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    - Sr-87/Sr-86 (29)
- large-ion lithophile elements (1)
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- metals
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      - Th-232/Th-230 (3)
      - U-238/Th-230 (1)
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    - uranium
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      - U-238/Th-232 (1)
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    - radium
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    - strontium
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- oxygen
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- sulfur
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fossils
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        Homo sapiens neanderthalensis (1)
        
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      - Reptilia
        
        Diapsida
        
        Archosauria
        
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        Synapsida
        
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- Invertebrata
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- microfossils
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geochronology methods
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- Ar/Ar (92)
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geologic age
- Cenozoic
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  - Koobi Fora Formation (4)
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  - Quaternary
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      - Bishop Tuff (12)
      - lower Pleistocene (3)
      - Matuyama Chron (2)
      - upper Pleistocene
        
        Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (2)
        
        Weichselian
        
        upper Weichselian
        
        Allerod (1)
        
        Younger Dryas (1)
        
        Wisconsinan
        
        upper Wisconsinan (1)
    - upper Quaternary
      - Brunhes Chron (3)
  - Shungura Formation (3)
  - Stone Age
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  - Tertiary
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    - lower Tertiary (1)
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    - Neogene
      - Miocene
        
        Columbia River Basalt Group (23)
        
        Ellensburg Formation (1)
        
        Grande Ronde Basalt (7)
        
        lower Miocene (1)
        
        middle Miocene (6)
        
        Paintbrush Tuff (2)
        
        Peach Springs Tuff (1)
        
        Picture Gorge Basalt (2)
        
        Saddle Mountains Basalt (3)
        
        upper Miocene (5)
        
        Wanapum Basalt (2)
      - Pliocene
        
        lower Pliocene (2)
        
        upper Pliocene
        
        Piacenzian (1)
    - Paleogene
      - Eocene
        
        Clarno Formation (4)
        
        lower Eocene (1)
        
        upper Eocene (1)
      - Oligocene
        
        Fish Canyon Tuff (7)
        
        upper Oligocene (2)
      - Paleocene
        
        lower Paleocene
        
        Danian (3)
        
        K-T boundary (10)
  - upper Cenozoic
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    - Nihewan Formation (1)
- Lake Bonneville (1)
- Laurentide ice sheet (1)
- Mesozoic
  - Cretaceous
    - Lower Cretaceous
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        lower Aptian (1)
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    - Mancos Shale (1)
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    - Upper Cretaceous
      - Ferron Sandstone Member (1)
      - K-T boundary (10)
      - Lameta Formation (2)
      - Maestrichtian (4)
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  - Jurassic
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    - Lower Jurassic
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    - Middle Jurassic
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        Yakoun Group (1)
    - Upper Jurassic
      - Oxfordian (1)
  - lower Mesozoic (2)
  - Triassic
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- MIS 2 (1)
- Paleozoic
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  - Carboniferous
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        Visean (1)
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    - Namurian (1)
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  - Devonian
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      - Kellwasser event (1)
  - lower Paleozoic (2)
  - Madera Formation (1)
  - Ordovician
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    - Middle Ordovician
      - Deicke Bentonite Bed (3)
      - Millbrig Bentonite Bed (3)
      - Platteville Formation (1)
    - Upper Ordovician
      - Caradocian
        
        Borrowdale Volcanic Group (1)
      - Cincinnatian (1)
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      - Mohawkian (1)
      - Sandbian (1)
    - Womble Shale (1)
  - Permian
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      - Capitanian (3)
    - Lower Permian (1)
    - Upper Permian
      - Permian-Triassic boundary (3)
  - Silurian
    - Upper Silurian (1)
  - upper Paleozoic
    - Shanxi Formation (1)
- Phanerozoic (3)
- Precambrian
  - Archean
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    - Paleoarchean (1)
  - Kingston Peak Formation (1)
  - North Shore Volcanics (2)
  - Onverwacht Group (1)
  - upper Precambrian
    - Proterozoic
      - Keweenawan (1)
      - Mesoproterozoic
        
        Gawler Range Volcanics (1)
      - Neoproterozoic
        
        Cryogenian (1)
        
        Marinoan (1)
        
        Sturtian (1)
  - Ventersdorp Supergroup (1)
igneous rocks
- extrusive rocks (7)
- igneous rocks
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  - granophyre (3)
  - hypabyssal rocks (1)
  - kamafugite (1)
  - kimberlite (9)
  - peperite (2)
  - picrite (1)
  - plutonic rocks
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    - diorites
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      - quartz diorites (1)
      - trondhjemite (1)
    - granites
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      - A-type granites (1)
      - granite porphyry (1)
      - leucogranite (1)
      - microgranite (1)
    - granodiorites (1)
    - pegmatite (1)
    - syenites
      - quartz syenite (1)
    - ultramafics
      - peridotites
        
        lherzolite (1)
        
        spinel lherzolite (1)
        
        spinel peridotite (1)
      - pyroxenite
        
        garnet pyroxenite (1)
  - porphyry
    - vitrophyre (1)
  - volcanic rocks
    - adakites (1)
    - andesites (68)
    - basalts
      - alkali basalts
        
        alkali olivine basalt (2)
        
        hawaiite (5)
        
        mugearite (3)
        
        trachybasalts (1)
      - columnar basalt (2)
      - flood basalts (42)
      - mid-ocean ridge basalts (3)
      - ocean-island basalts (4)
      - olivine basalt (2)
      - olivine tholeiite (2)
      - shoshonite (6)
      - tholeiite (11)
      - tholeiitic basalt (7)
      - trap rocks (1)
    - basanite (6)
    - benmoreite (3)
    - dacites (36)
    - glasses
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      - palagonite (1)
      - volcanic glass (17)
    - komatiite (1)
    - latite (3)
    - leucitite (2)
    - nephelinite (3)
    - phonolites (10)
    - pyroclastics
      - andesite tuff (1)
      - ash-flow tuff (25)
      - hyaloclastite (5)
      - ignimbrite (62)
      - pumice (75)
      - rhyolite tuff (10)
      - scoria (28)
      - tuff (82)
      - welded tuff (6)
    - rhyodacites (8)
    - rhyolites
      - comendite (1)
      - pantellerite (2)
    - tephrite (3)
    - trachyandesites (7)
    - trachytes (13)
    - vitrophyre (1)
- volcanic ash (92)
metamorphic rocks
- K-bentonite (3)
- metamorphic rocks
  - cataclasites (1)
  - eclogite (1)
  - fulgurite (1)
  - metaigneous rocks
    - metakomatiite (1)
    - metatuff (1)
  - metasedimentary rocks (3)
  - metasomatic rocks
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  - metavolcanic rocks (5)
  - schists
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- turbidite (5)
meteorites
- meteorites (1)
minerals
- alloys (1)
- arsenates (2)
- carbonates
  - calcite (3)
- halides
  - chlorides
    - sylvite (1)
  - fluorides
    - fluorite (1)
    - topaz (1)
- hydrates (1)
- K-bentonite (3)
- minerals (2)
- native elements
  - diamond (3)
  - graphite (2)
- oxides
  - akaganeite (1)
  - aluminum oxides (1)
  - baddeleyite (2)
  - hematite (1)
  - ilmenite (2)
  - iron oxides (3)
  - magnetite (6)
  - perovskite (1)
  - spinel (3)
  - tantalates
    - microlite (3)
  - titanium oxides (2)
  - titanomagnetite (6)
  - ulvospinel (1)
- phosphates
  - apatite (6)
- silicates
  - aluminosilicates (1)
  - chain silicates
    - amphibole group
      - clinoamphibole
        
        actinolite (1)
        
        cummingtonite (1)
        
        hastingsite (1)
        
        hornblende (7)
        
        kaersutite (1)
        
        pargasite (1)
        
        tremolite (1)
        
        tschermakite (1)
      - orthoamphibole
        
        gedrite (1)
    - pyroxene group
      - clinopyroxene
        
        augite (2)
        
        diopside (1)
        
        fassaite (1)
        
        hedenbergite (2)
        
        jadeite (1)
      - orthopyroxene (5)
  - framework silicates
    - feldspar group
      - alkali feldspar
        
        adularia (2)
        
        anorthoclase (3)
        
        K-feldspar (1)
        
        orthoclase (1)
        
        sanidine (20)
      - plagioclase
        
        albite (1)
        
        andesine (1)
        
        anorthite (3)
    - nepheline group
      - nepheline (3)
    - scapolite group
      - scapolite (1)
    - silica minerals
      - opal
        
        opal-A (1)
      - quartz (13)
    - zeolite group (1)
  - magnesian silicates (1)
  - orthosilicates
    - nesosilicates
      - garnet group
        
        andradite (1)
      - olivine group
        
        fayalite (1)
        
        forsterite (1)
        
        olivine (17)
      - titanite group
        
        titanite (1)
      - topaz (1)
      - zircon group
        
        zircon (33)
    - sorosilicates
      - epidote group
        
        allanite (1)
      - melilite group
        
        melilite (1)
  - sheet silicates
    - clay minerals
      - smectite (2)
    - mica group
      - annite (1)
      - biotite (7)
- sulfates
  - alunite (1)
  - anhydrite (1)
  - gypsum (1)
- sulfides
  - cinnabar (1)
  - metacinnabar (1)
  - pyrite (1)
Primary terms
- absolute age (190)
- Africa
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  - Central Africa
    - Congo Democratic Republic
      - Kivu Congo Democratic Republic
        
        Nyiragongo (2)
  - East Africa
    - Djibouti (5)
    - Ethiopia