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elements, isotopes
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- metals
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fossils
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geochronology methods
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geologic age
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        Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (2)
        
        Weichselian
        
        upper Weichselian
        
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        Wisconsinan
        
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        Fraser Glaciation (1)
    - upper Quaternary
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  - Tertiary
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    - Neogene
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        Columbia River Basalt Group (24)
        
        Ellensburg Formation (1)
        
        Grande Ronde Basalt (7)
        
        lower Miocene
        
        Burdigalian (1)
        
        middle Miocene (7)
        
        Paintbrush Tuff (2)
        
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        upper Miocene (5)
        
        Wanapum Basalt (2)
      - Pliocene
        
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        upper Pliocene
        
        Piacenzian (1)
    - Paleogene
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        Castle Hayne Limestone (1)
        
        Clarno Formation (4)
        
        lower Eocene (1)
        
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        upper Oligocene (2)
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        K-T boundary (10)
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- Mesozoic
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  - Jurassic
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  - lower Mesozoic (2)
  - Triassic
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- MIS 2 (1)
- Paleozoic
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  - Devonian
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  - lower Paleozoic (2)
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  - Ordovician
    - Lower Ordovician
      - Arenigian (1)
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      - Millbrig Bentonite Bed (3)
      - Platteville Formation (1)
    - Upper Ordovician
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        Borrowdale Volcanic Group (1)
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    - Womble Shale (1)
  - Permian
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    - Lower Permian (1)
    - Shihezi Formation (1)
    - Upper Permian
      - Permian-Triassic boundary (4)
  - Silurian
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  - upper Paleozoic
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- Phanerozoic (3)
- Precambrian
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  - upper Precambrian
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        Gawler Range Volcanics (1)
      - Neoproterozoic
        
        Cryogenian (1)
        
        Marinoan (1)
        
        Sturtian (1)
  - Ventersdorp Supergroup (1)
igneous rocks
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        garnet pyroxenite (1)
  - porphyry
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  - volcanic rocks
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        alkali olivine basalt (2)
        
        hawaiite (5)
        
        mugearite (3)
        
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    - basanite (6)
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      - volcanic glass (19)
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    - phonolites (13)