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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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illite (2)
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Primary terms
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Transvaal region (1)
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West Africa
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Tertiary
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upper Cenozoic (5)
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epeirogeny
FROM HELL TO THE HIMALAYAS: THERMOCHRONOLOGY ACROSS DEEP TIME
End-Mesoproterozoic (ca. 1.08 Ga) epeiric seaway of the Nonesuch Formation, Wisconsin and Michigan, USA
Trans-Avalonian green–black boundary (early Middle Cambrian): transform fault-driven epeirogeny and onset of 26 m.y. of shallow-marine, black mudstone in Avalonia (Rhode Island–Belgium) and Baltica
Jurassic tectonics of northeastern Gondwana: evidence from the detrital zircon record of the Nambour Basin
Post-Laramide, Eocene epeirogeny in central Colorado—The result of a mantle drip?
Plate convergence, consumption, collision, coupling, capture, and formation of mantle waves—Linkages to global orogenesis and epeirogeny
ABSTRACT Widespread episodes of major contractional orogenesis correlate commonly with ages of high-pressure eclogitic rocks formed during bottom-driven, induced subduction of crustal terranes. Rapid exhumation of the deeply emplaced crust has led to the development of the concept of a “tectonic dunk.” The dunk process is a hallmark component of a suite of linked tectonic, magmatic, metamorphic, and sedimentologic processes that systematically follow plate interactions, including collision, coupling, and capture resulting in plate reconfiguration and changes of movement. Plate capture, which takes place during mechanical connection of plates within a “clutch” zone, is followed generally by an abrupt transition to plate stretching in response to drag or plate spin. Plate stretch, which is accommodated during drag by a network of complementary strike-slip and normal faults or during spin by regional domains of transtension, is recorded by “postorogenic,” back-arc extension, basin formation, and magmatism, extensive domains of which comprise large igneous provinces. As a captured continental plate is dragged or rotates, ductile mantle is disrupted and displaced by protuberances, such as a slab coupled against the base of an overriding plate and/or orogenic roots extending down from a cratonic core. The mantle turbulence resembles a wave-like ship’s wake with tsunami-like movement, albeit below crust. The arrival of a moving mantle bulge or wave is inferred to be focused along continental plate margins where subduction is induced, as recorded by magmatism and eclogitic rocks that form during deep emplacement of crustal terranes. Concurrent shortening of crust in the vicinity of the plate margin is inferred from inversion and uplift of marginal rift basins, obduction, and development of fold-and-thrust belts. As the mantle wave passes beneath plate interiors, tens to hundreds of meters of uplift, recorded by oceanic atolls, continental stream incision, regional unconformities, and local transitions to evaporite within shelf settings, record epeirogeny. After passage of the wave, common development of sheet-like bodies of quartzose sandstone, especially during the early Paleozoic, suggest postwave, regional subsidence. Resumption and re-invigoration of extension are recorded by eduction of dunked crust and conspicuous, widespread, volcanic eruptions recorded by tuffaceous layers intercalated with carbonaceous black shale within broad basins developed above thickened crust.
Tectonic and paleogeographic controls on development of the Early–Middle Ordovician Shanganning carbonate platform, Ordos Basin, North China
Visualizing Precambrian basement tectonics beneath a carbon capture and storage site, Illinois Basin
Miocene relative sea level on the New Jersey shallow continental shelf and coastal plain derived from one-dimensional backstripping: A case for both eustasy and epeirogeny
Uplift of Central Mongolia Recorded in Vesicular Basalts
Mesozoic siliciclastic reservoirs and petroleum system in the Rub' Al-Khali basin, Saudi Arabia
The Zambezi River: An Archive of Tectonic Events Linked to the Amalgamation and Disruption of Gondwana and Subsequent Evolution of The African Plate
Searching for Distal Ejecta on the Craton: The Sedimentary Effects of Meteorite Impact
Abstract This one-day field trip highlights research into the late Cenozoic evolution of topography in the Appalachian Mountains through geomorphic observations in the Cullasaja River basin, located in Macon County, North Carolina. Herein we present observations, data, and modeling results that challenge the paradigm of the Appalachians as a dead and slowly decaying orogen. Previous studies on the Cenozoic evolution of topography in the Appalachians are reviewed, showing that the post-orogenic history of eastern North America is best described by spatial and temporal changes in topographic relief, erosion rate, and sediment flux. When these data sets are placed in the context of other geologic and geophysical studies, they indicate that the Appalachians are a dynamic mountain range. We review previous studies in the Cullasaja basin that document and characterize the magnitude of base-level fall, relief production, and ensuing landscape response to such changes. These studies show that topographic relief within the basin was relatively subdued in the Miocene and subsequently has been rejuvenated ~160%, transforming the landscape into the rugged mountains we recognize today. We highlight hillslope and fluvial geomorphic observations that show landscape disequilibrium associated with ongoing adjustment to ~500 m of late Cenozoic base-level fall. Potential mechanisms for topographic rejuvenation of the Appalachians, such as climate change and epeirogenic uplift, are discussed using available field observations.
Epeirogenic transients related to mantle lithosphere removal in the southern Sierra Nevada region, California: Part II. Implications of rock uplift and basin subsidence relations
Epeirogenic transients related to mantle lithosphere removal in the southern Sierra Nevada region, California, part I: Implications of thermomechanical modeling
GEOECODYNAMICS AND THE KALAHARI EPEIROGENY: LINKING ITS GENOMIC RECORD, TREE OF LIFE AND PALIMPSEST INTO A UNIFIED NARRATIVE OF LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION
Late Cenozoic evolution of the Colorado Rockies: Evidence for Neogene uplift and drainage integration
Abstract Geomorphic, thermochronologic, geochemical, structural, and geophysical data all lend support to the hypothesis that the Colorado Rocky Mountains are an example of dynamic topography that has responded variably to broad epeirogenic uplift since the late Miocene. Our view is that this epeirogenic uplift is primarily related to mantle buoyancy and to a lesser extent, on isostatic adjustments caused by regional denudation. Neogene uplift components were superimposed on earlier (Laramide and mid-Tertiary) uplift events such that the present-day high topography of the Colorado Rocky Mountains reflects a composite uplift history. Newly recognized gravels of the ancestral Colorado River located beneath lava flows of Grand Mesa suggest that the Colorado River flowed west from the Rocky Mountains out onto the Colorado Plateau by 11 Ma. Radiometric dating of late Miocene basalt flows and thermochronologic data for western Colorado indicate that regional denudation and river incision became much more rapid ca. 9.5–6.0 Ma, prior to integration of the Colorado River through Grand Canyon. Post-10 Ma river incision rates and magnitudes are variable, and we interpret these variations to reflect differential uplift of discrete areas of the Rocky Mountain region during the late Cenozoic. For instance, in areas such as Grand Mesa, the Flat Tops, and the Park Range, incision rates and magnitudes are generally ~100–150 m/m.y. and 1.0–1.5 km, respectively. For comparison, these values are 2–3 times larger than incision rates and magnitudes over the past 5–10 Ma in the upper Green River basin. Differential incision across major structural boundaries indicates that post-10 Ma river incision has been driven by Neogene rock uplift. Additional evidence of post-Laramide deformation includes warping of the Oligocene to early Miocene pre-Browns Park Formation erosion surface. This surface has up to 1.8 km of structural relief that has been produced since the Miocene. For basalt-capped regions such as Grand Mesa and the Flat Tops, Neogene rock uplift of 1.0–1.5 km has probably been accompanied by a commensurate amount of surface uplift, resulting in increased local relief ( England and Molnar, 1990 ). Flexural isostatic modeling suggests that isostatic adjustments account for only 10%–40% of the post-10 Ma rock uplift recorded in western Colorado, and that 850–1500 m of probable post-10 Ma rock uplift cannot be accounted for by the isostatic response to denudation. Areas such as Grand Mesa and the Flat Tops are associated with the largest magnitudes of post-10 Ma rock uplift, and generally overlie areas of anomalously low P-wave velocities (the largest of which is the Aspen Anomaly), which suggests that mantle buoyancy could have driven Neogene uplift of the Colorado Rocky Mountains. 3 He/ 4 He ratios strongly suggest that there are direct mantle-to-surface interactions of neotectonics and surface waters. In summary, we conclude that the Rocky Mountains are continuing to evolve in response to neotectonic events that accelerated in the late Miocene, and which are continuing to drive base-level changes and drainage integration of the modern upper Colorado River system. The combined data are best explained by broad epeirogenic Neogene uplift of the Colorado Rocky Mountains driven by mantle flow and buoyancy.