- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Congo Democratic Republic (2)
-
-
East Africa
-
Kenya (1)
-
-
Madagascar (1)
-
Southern Africa
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (2)
-
Merensky Reef (1)
-
Transvaal region (2)
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Ghana (1)
-
-
-
Alexander Terrane (1)
-
Altiplano (1)
-
Asia
-
Altai Mountains
-
Kuznetsk Alatau (1)
-
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Arabian Shield (1)
-
Saudi Arabia (1)
-
-
Central Asia (1)
-
Far East
-
China
-
Fujian China (1)
-
Inner Mongolia China
-
Bayan Obo China (1)
-
-
Qinling Mountains (1)
-
South China Block (2)
-
Xinjiang China (1)
-
-
Indonesia
-
Sumatra (4)
-
-
Japan
-
Kyushu
-
Nagasaki Japan
-
Unzen (1)
-
-
-
-
Mongolia (1)
-
Philippine Islands
-
Luzon (1)
-
Surigao del Norte Philippine Islands (1)
-
-
-
Gobi Desert (1)
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Rajasthan India (1)
-
-
Pakistan
-
Baluchistan Pakistan (1)
-
-
-
Middle East
-
Dead Sea Rift (1)
-
Iran (1)
-
Israel
-
Negev (1)
-
-
Jordan (1)
-
-
Transbaikalia (1)
-
West Siberia
-
Kuznetsk Alatau (1)
-
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Adelaide Geosyncline (1)
-
Lachlan fold belt (1)
-
Queensland Australia
-
Mount Isa Inlier (1)
-
-
South Australia
-
Flinders Ranges (1)
-
Gawler Craton (1)
-
-
Tasmania Australia (1)
-
Victoria Australia (1)
-
Western Australia
-
Eastern Goldfields (2)
-
Hamersley Basin (5)
-
Pilbara (1)
-
Pilbara Craton (1)
-
Yilgarn Craton (3)
-
-
-
Papua New Guinea
-
New Britain (1)
-
-
-
Bear Lake (1)
-
Black Hills (1)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Ontario (1)
-
Quebec (2)
-
-
Western Canada
-
British Columbia (3)
-
Yukon Territory (1)
-
-
-
Central America
-
El Salvador (2)
-
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
-
Russian Federation
-
Kuznetsk Alatau (1)
-
Transbaikalia (1)
-
-
Ukraine
-
Crimea Ukraine
-
Crimean Mountains (1)
-
-
-
West Siberia
-
Kuznetsk Alatau (1)
-
-
-
Copperbelt (1)
-
Cordillera de la Costa (1)
-
Europe
-
Central Europe
-
Bohemian Massif (1)
-
Czech Republic (1)
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece
-
Greek Macedonia
-
Chalkidiki (2)
-
-
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Spain
-
Betic Cordillera (1)
-
-
-
Italy
-
Sardinia Italy (1)
-
-
Macedonia
-
Greek Macedonia
-
Chalkidiki (2)
-
-
-
-
Ukraine
-
Crimea Ukraine
-
Crimean Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Western Europe
-
France (1)
-
Ireland
-
Galway Ireland (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
Cornwall England (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Guadalupe Mountains (1)
-
Indian Ocean (1)
-
Indian Ocean Islands
-
Madagascar (1)
-
-
Malay Archipelago (1)
-
Mexico
-
Chiapas Mexico (1)
-
San Luis Potosi Mexico (1)
-
Sonora Mexico (1)
-
-
Mount Morgan (1)
-
North America
-
Appalachians
-
Carolina slate belt (1)
-
-
Great Lakes
-
Lake Superior (1)
-
-
Great Lakes region (1)
-
Humber Zone (1)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
San Juan Mountains (2)
-
-
-
-
Pacific Ocean
-
South Pacific
-
Southwest Pacific (3)
-
-
West Pacific
-
Southwest Pacific (3)
-
-
-
Pacific region (3)
-
Puna (1)
-
Red Mountain (1)
-
Sinai (1)
-
South America
-
Andes
-
Central Andes (4)
-
Eastern Cordillera (1)
-
Western Cordillera (1)
-
-
Argentina
-
Catamarca Argentina (1)
-
Neuquen Argentina (1)
-
San Juan Argentina (1)
-
-
Bolivia (2)
-
Chile
-
Antofagasta Chile
-
Chuquicamata Chile (1)
-
-
Atacama Chile
-
Copiapo Chile (1)
-
-
Atacama Desert (1)
-
Tarapaca Chile (1)
-
-
Colombia (1)
-
Ecuador (1)
-
Patagonia (1)
-
Peru
-
Ancash Peru (1)
-
Cusco Peru (1)
-
-
-
United States
-
Alaska (2)
-
Arizona
-
Pinal County Arizona (2)
-
Santa Cruz County Arizona (1)
-
Yavapai County Arizona (1)
-
-
Colorado
-
Clear Creek County Colorado (1)
-
Mineral County Colorado
-
Creede mining district (1)
-
-
San Juan County Colorado
-
Silverton Caldera (1)
-
-
San Miguel County Colorado (1)
-
Summit County Colorado (1)
-
-
Idaho
-
Lemhi County Idaho
-
Blackbird mining district (1)
-
-
-
Montana
-
Butte mining district (3)
-
Jefferson County Montana (1)
-
Missoula County Montana (1)
-
Sanders County Montana (1)
-
Silver Bow County Montana
-
Butte Montana (1)
-
-
-
Nevada
-
Carlin Mine (1)
-
Humboldt County Nevada (1)
-
Nye County Nevada
-
Tonopah Nevada (1)
-
-
Pershing County Nevada (1)
-
White Pine County Nevada
-
Alligator Ridge Mine (1)
-
-
-
New Mexico
-
Eddy County New Mexico
-
Lechuguilla Cave (1)
-
-
-
South Carolina
-
Lancaster County South Carolina (1)
-
-
South Dakota
-
Custer County South Dakota (1)
-
-
Southwestern U.S. (1)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
San Juan Mountains (2)
-
-
Utah
-
Drum Mountains (1)
-
Juab County Utah (1)
-
Millard County Utah (1)
-
-
-
USSR (1)
-
-
commodities
-
brines (7)
-
heavy mineral deposits (1)
-
kaolin deposits (2)
-
magnesite deposits (1)
-
metal ores
-
aluminum ores (1)
-
antimony ores (2)
-
arsenic ores (2)
-
base metals (6)
-
bismuth ores (1)
-
chromite ores (1)
-
cobalt ores (3)
-
copper ores (81)
-
gold ores (42)
-
IOCG deposits (1)
-
iron ores (14)
-
lead ores (7)
-
lead-zinc deposits (7)
-
manganese ores (2)
-
mercury ores (1)
-
molybdenum ores (23)
-
nickel ores (3)
-
palladium ores (1)
-
platinum ores (1)
-
polymetallic ores (8)
-
pyrite ores (2)
-
rare earth deposits (3)
-
silver ores (25)
-
tellurium ores (1)
-
tin ores (4)
-
titanium ores (1)
-
tungsten ores (1)
-
uranium ores (3)
-
zinc ores (12)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (133)
-
mineral exploration (22)
-
mineral resources (1)
-
phosphate deposits (2)
-
placers (4)
-
strategic minerals (1)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
boron
-
B-11/B-10 (1)
-
-
carbon
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (12)
-
organic carbon (1)
-
-
chemical ratios (1)
-
halogens
-
chlorine
-
chloride ion (2)
-
-
iodine (1)
-
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (9)
-
deuterium (2)
-
-
isotope ratios (30)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (4)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (6)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
B-11/B-10 (1)
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (12)
-
D/H (9)
-
deuterium (2)
-
O-18 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (25)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (4)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (6)
-
S-33 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (21)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
-
-
metals
-
alkaline earth metals
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
-
-
aluminum (1)
-
antimony (1)
-
arsenic (1)
-
copper (2)
-
gold (3)
-
iron
-
ferric iron (1)
-
ferrous iron (1)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (4)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (6)
-
-
manganese (2)
-
mercury (1)
-
molybdenum (1)
-
platinum group
-
osmium
-
Os-188/Os-187 (1)
-
-
palladium ores (1)
-
platinum ores (1)
-
-
precious metals (4)
-
rare earths (2)
-
silver (3)
-
tin (1)
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (25)
-
-
selenium (1)
-
sulfur
-
S-33 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (21)
-
-
tellurium (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
Ar/Ar (14)
-
fission-track dating (1)
-
K/Ar (10)
-
paleomagnetism (1)
-
Rb/Sr (2)
-
Re/Os (2)
-
Th/U (1)
-
U/Pb (10)
-
uranium disequilibrium (1)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene (1)
-
Pleistocene
-
lower Pleistocene (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
lower Tertiary (3)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
lower Miocene (1)
-
middle Miocene (1)
-
upper Miocene (1)
-
-
Pliocene
-
lower Pliocene (1)
-
upper Pliocene (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
middle Eocene (1)
-
upper Eocene
-
Priabonian (1)
-
-
-
Oligocene
-
upper Oligocene (3)
-
-
Paleocene (2)
-
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian
-
upper Albian (1)
-
-
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Cenomanian
-
lower Cenomanian (1)
-
-
Maestrichtian (1)
-
Senonian (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Upper Jurassic (2)
-
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic (1)
-
-
Yanshanian (1)
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Mount Read Volcanics (1)
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (1)
-
-
Mississippian (1)
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Minturn Formation (1)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian (1)
-
-
Ordovician
-
Middle Ordovician (1)
-
-
Permian
-
Upper Permian (1)
-
-
Pilot Shale (1)
-
Silurian
-
Middle Silurian
-
Roberts Mountains Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Mesoarchean (1)
-
-
Brockman Iron Formation (2)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Belt Supergroup (3)
-
Bonner Formation (1)
-
Gawler Range Volcanics (1)
-
Helikian (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic (4)
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Corella Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase (1)
-
diorites
-
quartz diorites (1)
-
-
granites
-
A-type granites (1)
-
granite porphyry (1)
-
-
granodiorites (4)
-
monzodiorite (1)
-
monzonites (1)
-
quartz monzonite (2)
-
ultramafics
-
pyroxenite (1)
-
-
-
porphyry (9)
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (2)
-
basalts (1)
-
dacites (6)
-
latite (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (3)
-
ignimbrite (2)
-
tuff (4)
-
-
rhyodacites (1)
-
rhyolites (3)
-
trachytes (1)
-
-
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
hornfels (4)
-
marbles (1)
-
metasedimentary rocks (1)
-
metasomatic rocks
-
greisen (1)
-
skarn (3)
-
-
quartzites (1)
-
schists (1)
-
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites
-
stony meteorites
-
achondrites
-
diogenite (1)
-
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
alloys
-
electrum (1)
-
-
arsenides
-
arsenopyrite (1)
-
cobaltite (1)
-
-
carbonates
-
aragonite (1)
-
calcite (3)
-
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
atacamite (1)
-
-
-
hydrates (1)
-
minerals (10)
-
native elements (1)
-
oxides
-
anatase (1)
-
cassiterite (1)
-
chromite (1)
-
goethite (2)
-
hematite (9)
-
ilmenite (1)
-
iron oxides (4)
-
magnetite (3)
-
psilomelane (1)
-
rutile (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
florencite (1)
-
goyazite (1)
-
hinsdalite (1)
-
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
hornblende (1)
-
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
adularia (3)
-
orthoclase (1)
-
-
plagioclase (1)
-
-
silica minerals
-
quartz (3)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
zircon group
-
zircon (10)
-
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
tourmaline group (1)
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (2)
-
clinochlore (1)
-
-
clay minerals
-
chrysocolla (1)
-
halloysite (1)
-
kaolinite (4)
-
smectite (2)
-
-
illite (2)
-
mica group
-
biotite (6)
-
muscovite (3)
-
phlogopite (1)
-
-
sericite (3)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
alunite (11)
-
barite (1)
-
hinsdalite (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
acanthite (1)
-
arsenopyrite (1)
-
bornite (2)
-
chalcocite (4)
-
chalcopyrite (5)
-
cobaltite (1)
-
galena (1)
-
millerite (1)
-
molybdenite (2)
-
pyrite (5)
-
pyrrhotite (1)
-
sphalerite (2)
-
stibnite (1)
-
vaesite (1)
-
violarite (1)
-
-
sulfosalts (1)
-
tellurides (1)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (32)
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Congo Democratic Republic (2)
-
-
East Africa
-
Kenya (1)
-
-
Madagascar (1)
-
Southern Africa
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (2)
-
Merensky Reef (1)
-
Transvaal region (2)
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Ghana (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Altai Mountains
-
Kuznetsk Alatau (1)
-
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Arabian Shield (1)
-
Saudi Arabia (1)
-
-
Central Asia (1)
-
Far East
-
China
-
Fujian China (1)
-
Inner Mongolia China
-
Bayan Obo China (1)
-
-
Qinling Mountains (1)
-
South China Block (2)
-
Xinjiang China (1)
-
-
Indonesia
-
Sumatra (4)
-
-
Japan
-
Kyushu
-
Nagasaki Japan
-
Unzen (1)
-
-
-
-
Mongolia (1)
-
Philippine Islands
-
Luzon (1)
-
Surigao del Norte Philippine Islands (1)
-
-
-
Gobi Desert (1)
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Rajasthan India (1)
-
-
Pakistan
-
Baluchistan Pakistan (1)
-
-
-
Middle East
-
Dead Sea Rift (1)
-
Iran (1)
-
Israel
-
Negev (1)
-
-
Jordan (1)
-
-
Transbaikalia (1)
-
West Siberia
-
Kuznetsk Alatau (1)
-
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Adelaide Geosyncline (1)
-
Lachlan fold belt (1)
-
Queensland Australia
-
Mount Isa Inlier (1)
-
-
South Australia
-
Flinders Ranges (1)
-
Gawler Craton (1)
-
-
Tasmania Australia (1)
-
Victoria Australia (1)
-
Western Australia
-
Eastern Goldfields (2)
-
Hamersley Basin (5)
-
Pilbara (1)
-
Pilbara Craton (1)
-
Yilgarn Craton (3)
-
-
-
Papua New Guinea
-
New Britain (1)
-
-
-
boron
-
B-11/B-10 (1)
-
-
brines (7)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Ontario (1)
-
Quebec (2)
-
-
Western Canada
-
British Columbia (3)
-
Yukon Territory (1)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (12)
-
organic carbon (1)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene (1)
-
Pleistocene
-
lower Pleistocene (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
lower Tertiary (3)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
lower Miocene (1)
-
middle Miocene (1)
-
upper Miocene (1)
-
-
Pliocene
-
lower Pliocene (1)
-
upper Pliocene (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
middle Eocene (1)
-
upper Eocene
-
Priabonian (1)
-
-
-
Oligocene
-
upper Oligocene (3)
-
-
Paleocene (2)
-
-
-
-
Central America
-
El Salvador (2)
-
-
chemical analysis (1)
-
clay mineralogy (1)
-
continental drift (1)
-
crust (2)
-
crystal growth (1)
-
data processing (2)
-
deformation (8)
-
diagenesis (5)
-
economic geology (44)
-
Europe
-
Central Europe
-
Bohemian Massif (1)
-
Czech Republic (1)
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece
-
Greek Macedonia
-
Chalkidiki (2)
-
-
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Spain
-
Betic Cordillera (1)
-
-
-
Italy
-
Sardinia Italy (1)
-
-
Macedonia
-
Greek Macedonia
-
Chalkidiki (2)
-
-
-
-
Ukraine
-
Crimea Ukraine
-
Crimean Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Western Europe
-
France (1)
-
Ireland
-
Galway Ireland (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
Cornwall England (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
faults (27)
-
folds (11)
-
foliation (1)
-
fractures (9)
-
geochemistry (13)
-
geochronology (2)
-
geomorphology (3)
-
geosynclines (1)
-
ground water (5)
-
heavy mineral deposits (1)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (9)
-
deuterium (2)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase (1)
-
diorites
-
quartz diorites (1)
-
-
granites
-
A-type granites (1)
-
granite porphyry (1)
-
-
granodiorites (4)
-
monzodiorite (1)
-
monzonites (1)
-
quartz monzonite (2)
-
ultramafics
-
pyroxenite (1)
-
-
-
porphyry (9)
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (2)
-
basalts (1)
-
dacites (6)
-
latite (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (3)
-
ignimbrite (2)
-
tuff (4)
-
-
rhyodacites (1)
-
rhyolites (3)
-
trachytes (1)
-
-
-
inclusions
-
fluid inclusions (24)
-
-
Indian Ocean (1)
-
Indian Ocean Islands
-
Madagascar (1)
-
-
intrusions (36)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (4)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (6)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
B-11/B-10 (1)
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (12)
-
D/H (9)
-
deuterium (2)
-
O-18 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (25)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (4)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (6)
-
S-33 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (21)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
-
-
kaolin deposits (2)
-
lava (3)
-
magmas (10)
-
magnesite deposits (1)
-
Malay Archipelago (1)
-
mantle (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian
-
upper Albian (1)
-
-
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Cenomanian
-
lower Cenomanian (1)
-
-
Maestrichtian (1)
-
Senonian (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Upper Jurassic (2)
-
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic (1)
-
-
Yanshanian (1)
-
-
metal ores
-
aluminum ores (1)
-
antimony ores (2)
-
arsenic ores (2)
-
base metals (6)
-
bismuth ores (1)
-
chromite ores (1)
-
cobalt ores (3)
-
copper ores (81)
-
gold ores (42)
-
IOCG deposits (1)
-
iron ores (14)
-
lead ores (7)
-
lead-zinc deposits (7)
-
manganese ores (2)
-
mercury ores (1)
-
molybdenum ores (23)
-
nickel ores (3)
-
palladium ores (1)
-
platinum ores (1)
-
polymetallic ores (8)
-
pyrite ores (2)
-
rare earth deposits (3)
-
silver ores (25)
-
tellurium ores (1)
-
tin ores (4)
-
titanium ores (1)
-
tungsten ores (1)
-
uranium ores (3)
-
zinc ores (12)
-
-
metals
-
alkaline earth metals
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
-
-
aluminum (1)
-
antimony (1)
-
arsenic (1)
-
copper (2)
-
gold (3)
-
iron
-
ferric iron (1)
-
ferrous iron (1)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (4)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (6)
-
-
manganese (2)
-
mercury (1)
-
molybdenum (1)
-
platinum group
-
osmium
-
Os-188/Os-187 (1)
-
-
palladium ores (1)
-
platinum ores (1)
-
-
precious metals (4)
-
rare earths (2)
-
silver (3)
-
tin (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
hornfels (4)
-
marbles (1)
-
metasedimentary rocks (1)
-
metasomatic rocks
-
greisen (1)
-
skarn (3)
-
-
quartzites (1)
-
schists (1)
-
-
metamorphism (11)
-
metasomatism (61)
-
meteorites
-
stony meteorites
-
achondrites
-
diogenite (1)
-
-
-
-
Mexico
-
Chiapas Mexico (1)
-
San Luis Potosi Mexico (1)
-
Sonora Mexico (1)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (133)
-
mineral exploration (22)
-
mineral resources (1)
-
mineralogy (3)
-
minerals (10)
-
mining geology (3)
-
North America
-
Appalachians
-
Carolina slate belt (1)
-
-
Great Lakes
-
Lake Superior (1)
-
-
Great Lakes region (1)
-
Humber Zone (1)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
San Juan Mountains (2)
-
-
-
-
orogeny (4)
-
oxygen
-
O-18 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (25)
-
-
Pacific Ocean
-
South Pacific
-
Southwest Pacific (3)
-
-
West Pacific
-
Southwest Pacific (3)
-
-
-
Pacific region (3)
-
paleoclimatology (3)
-
paleogeography (1)
-
paleomagnetism (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Mount Read Volcanics (1)
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (1)
-
-
Mississippian (1)
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Minturn Formation (1)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian (1)
-
-
Ordovician
-
Middle Ordovician (1)
-
-
Permian
-
Upper Permian (1)
-
-
Pilot Shale (1)
-
Silurian
-
Middle Silurian
-
Roberts Mountains Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
paragenesis (30)
-
petrology (4)
-
phase equilibria (1)
-
phosphate deposits (2)
-
placers (4)
-
plate tectonics (5)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Mesoarchean (1)
-
-
Brockman Iron Formation (2)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Belt Supergroup (3)
-
Bonner Formation (1)
-
Gawler Range Volcanics (1)
-
Helikian (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic (4)
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Corella Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
-
remote sensing (2)
-
sea-floor spreading (1)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
limestone
-
microbialite (1)
-
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
chert
-
jasperoid (1)
-
-
evaporites (1)
-
iron formations
-
banded iron formations (5)
-
-
phosphate rocks (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
black shale (1)
-
conglomerate (2)
-
diamictite (1)
-
mudstone (1)
-
sandstone (3)
-
shale (1)
-
siltstone (3)
-
-
coal (1)
-
-
sedimentation (1)
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
clay (2)
-
silt (1)
-
-
-
selenium (1)
-
soils
-
laterites (1)
-
-
South America
-
Andes
-
Central Andes (4)
-
Eastern Cordillera (1)
-
Western Cordillera (1)
-
-
Argentina
-
Catamarca Argentina (1)
-
Neuquen Argentina (1)
-
San Juan Argentina (1)
-
-
Bolivia (2)
-
Chile
-
Antofagasta Chile
-
Chuquicamata Chile (1)
-
-
Atacama Chile
-
Copiapo Chile (1)
-
-
Atacama Desert (1)
-
Tarapaca Chile (1)
-
-
Colombia (1)
-
Ecuador (1)
-
Patagonia (1)
-
Peru
-
Ancash Peru (1)
-
Cusco Peru (1)
-
-
-
spectroscopy (1)
-
stratigraphy (5)
-
structural analysis (2)
-
structural geology (4)
-
sulfur
-
S-33 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (21)
-
-
tectonics
-
neotectonics (1)
-
-
tectonophysics (1)
-
tellurium (1)
-
thermal waters (1)
-
United States
-
Alaska (2)
-
Arizona
-
Pinal County Arizona (2)
-
Santa Cruz County Arizona (1)
-
Yavapai County Arizona (1)
-
-
Colorado
-
Clear Creek County Colorado (1)
-
Mineral County Colorado
-
Creede mining district (1)
-
-
San Juan County Colorado
-
Silverton Caldera (1)
-
-
San Miguel County Colorado (1)
-
Summit County Colorado (1)
-
-
Idaho
-
Lemhi County Idaho
-
Blackbird mining district (1)
-
-
-
Montana
-
Butte mining district (3)
-
Jefferson County Montana (1)
-
Missoula County Montana (1)
-
Sanders County Montana (1)
-
Silver Bow County Montana
-
Butte Montana (1)
-
-
-
Nevada
-
Carlin Mine (1)
-
Humboldt County Nevada (1)
-
Nye County Nevada
-
Tonopah Nevada (1)
-
-
Pershing County Nevada (1)
-
White Pine County Nevada
-
Alligator Ridge Mine (1)
-
-
-
New Mexico
-
Eddy County New Mexico
-
Lechuguilla Cave (1)
-
-
-
South Carolina
-
Lancaster County South Carolina (1)
-
-
South Dakota
-
Custer County South Dakota (1)
-
-
Southwestern U.S. (1)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
San Juan Mountains (2)
-
-
Utah
-
Drum Mountains (1)
-
Juab County Utah (1)
-
Millard County Utah (1)
-
-
-
USSR (1)
-
volcanology (3)
-
weathering (13)
-
-
rock formations
-
Pinnacle Formation (1)
-
-
sedimentary rocks
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
limestone
-
microbialite (1)
-
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
chert
-
jasperoid (1)
-
-
evaporites (1)
-
iron formations
-
banded iron formations (5)
-
-
phosphate rocks (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
black shale (1)
-
conglomerate (2)
-
diamictite (1)
-
mudstone (1)
-
sandstone (3)
-
shale (1)
-
siltstone (3)
-
-
coal (1)
-
-
siliciclastics (2)
-
volcaniclastics (2)
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
stratification (1)
-
-
sediments
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
clay (2)
-
silt (1)
-
-
-
siliciclastics (2)
-
volcaniclastics (2)
-
-
soils
-
soils
-
laterites (1)
-
-
endogene processes
The Productora Cu-Au-Mo Deposit, Chile: A Mesozoic Magmatic-Hydrothermal Breccia Complex with Both Porphyry and Iron Oxide Cu-Au Affinities
HYPOGENE ALUNITE FROM THE EL SALVADOR DISTRICT, CHILE, INDICATES POTENTIAL FOR A BLIND PORPHYRY COPPER CENTER
Plundering Carlow Castle: First Look at a Unique Mesoarchean-Hosted Cu-Co-Au Deposit
Hydrothermal Alteration, Mineralization, and Structural Geology of the Zijinshan High-Sulfidation Au-Cu Deposit, Fujian Province, Southeast China
Alunite 40 Ar/ 39 Ar and Zircon U-Pb Constraints on the Magmatic-Hydrothermal History of the Zijinshan High-Sulfidation Epithermal Cu-Au Deposit and the Adjacent Luoboling Porphyry Cu-Mo Deposit, South China: Implications for Their Genetic Association
Geology of the Josemaría Porphyry Copper-Gold Deposit, Argentina: Formation, Exhumation, and Burial in Two Million Years
White Mica Geochemistry of the Copper Cliff Porphyry Cu Deposit: Insights from a Vectoring Tool Applied to Exploration
Quartz Solubility in the H 2 O-NaCl System: A Framework for Understanding Vein Formation in Porphyry Copper Deposits
Hematite Breccia-Hosted Iron Oxide Copper-Gold Deposits Require Magmatic Fluid Components Exposed to Atmospheric Oxidation: Evidence from Prominent Hill, Gawler Craton, South Australia
Tafoni and honeycomb structures as indicators of ascending fluid flow and hypogene karstification
Abstract Tafoni and honeycombs remain some of the most enigmatic and puzzling geomorphological phenomena. Their globally widespread occurrence across a wide range of lithologies and environmental conditions suggests that their formation is determined by a factor that overarches variations in these conditions and weathering processes. Based on a study of tafoni and honeycombs in the Crimean Piedmont, this paper demonstrates that the primary factor in their formation is the pre-exposure alteration of rocks along fractures and karst conduits as a result of fluid–rock interactions. Such alteration is commonly induced by ascending flow and is related to hypogene karstification. The morphological expression of cavernous features through removal of the alterite can occur under subsurface conditions, but is more frequent on exposure to atmospheric weathering. The local or regional characteristics of a weathering system are irrelevant or of only secondary importance in determining the localization and morphology of cavernous features. New features do not form on rock surfaces where the alteration zone was totally denuded or never present. The proposed model resolves major issues inherent to previous interpretations of cavernous features. It has general applicability and important implications for geodynamic and palaeohydrogeological reconstructions. Typical tafoni and honeycombs may indicate past events of ascending flow and the potential presence of hypogene karst systems.
Arid hypogene karst in a multi-aquifer system: hydrogeology and speleogenesis of Ashalim Cave, Negev Desert, Israel
Abstract Ashalim maze cave, and neighbouring caves in the NW Negev Desert, Israel demonstrate hypogene karst features. These features are shown to have developed as a result of the mixing of two types of groundwater flowing in opposite directions within two tiers of Cretaceous rock aquifers. The stable isotope composition indicates that the lower Kurnub sandstone aquifer was recharged over far-field Nubian Sandstone outcrops in the vicinity of the Precambrian basement outcrops of the Sinai Desert, which belongs to the Afro-Arabian dome. The water flows northward and rises into the Judea carbonate aquifer through deep faults. A similar hydrogeological system is inferred for the speleogenetic period of Ashalim Cave. Dewatering of the cave occurred in the Pliocene due to regional uplift. This is indicated by the first vadose speleothems, dated to the late Pliocene (3.1 Ma). This was followed by surface denudation, which breached the cave and formed the present entrance.