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Format
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Section
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Central Africa
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Angola (2)
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Congo Democratic Republic (1)
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Gabon
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Oklo (1)
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East Africa
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Mozambique (2)
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Tanzania (3)
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Zambia (4)
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Kalahari Desert (1)
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Madagascar (3)
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Atlas Mountains
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High Atlas (2)
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Egypt
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Morocco
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Anti-Atlas (2)
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Rif
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Nubian Shield (1)
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Southern Africa
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Botswana (3)
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Namaqualand (1)
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Namibia
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Karibib Namibia (1)
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South Africa
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Bushveld Complex (11)
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Free State South Africa
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Vredefort Dome (2)
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Merensky Reef (5)
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Transvaal region (7)
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Witwatersrand (5)
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Swaziland (1)
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Zimbabwe
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Great Dyke (2)
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West Africa
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Ghana (1)
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Nigeria (1)
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West African Craton (1)
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Asia
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Central Asia
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Kazakhstan
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Far East
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China
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Inner Mongolia China
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Bayan Obo China (1)
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Jiangsu China
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Taihu Lake (1)
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Yunnan China
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Indonesia
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Japan
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Honshu
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Middle East
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Sri Lanka (3)
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Tien Shan
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Karatau Range (1)
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Atlantic Ocean
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Equatorial Atlantic (1)
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Mid-Atlantic Ridge
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TAG hydrothermal field (1)
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North Atlantic
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Baltic Sea (1)
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Baltimore Canyon (1)
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Bay of Fundy (49)
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Bermuda Rise (2)
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Charlie-Gibbs fracture zone (1)
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Flemish Cap (8)
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Frobisher Bay (9)
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Gulf of Maine (7)
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North Sea
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Kattegat (1)
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Northeast Atlantic
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Northwest Atlantic
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Hibernia Field (10)
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Porcupine Basin (1)
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Reykjanes Ridge (1)
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Scotian Shelf (79)
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TAG hydrothermal field (1)
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South Atlantic
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Southwest Atlantic (1)
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Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Azores
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Atlantic region (27)
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Australasia
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Australia
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Mount Isa Australia (2)
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South Australia
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Olympic Dam Deposit (1)
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Tamworth Belt (1)
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Tasmania Australia (3)
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Victoria Australia
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Ballarat gold field (1)
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Bendigo Australia (1)
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Western Australia
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Eastern Goldfields (1)
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Kalgoorlie Australia (2)
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Kambalda Australia (4)
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Yilgarn Craton (1)
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New Zealand
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Otago Schist (1)
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Papua New Guinea (1)
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Avalon Zone (143)
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Baffin Bay (22)
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Bay of Islands (25)
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Bear Lake (3)
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Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin (2)
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Broken Hill Mine (2)
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Browse Basin (1)
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Caledonides (20)
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Canada
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Arctic Archipelago (83)
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Cassiar Mountains (1)
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Eastern Canada
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Baffin Island
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Belcher Islands (12)
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Gander Zone (48)
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Lake Timiskaming (13)
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Maritime Provinces
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Miramichi Bay (11)
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Moncton Basin (24)
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Northumberland County New Brunswick
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Queens County New Brunswick (1)
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Restigouche County New Brunswick (6)
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Saint George Batholith (6)
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Saint John County New Brunswick
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Saint John New Brunswick (20)
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Sunbury County New Brunswick (1)
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Victoria County New Brunswick (1)
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Westmorland County New Brunswick (3)
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York County New Brunswick (1)
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Nova Scotia
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Annapolis County Nova Scotia (4)
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Antigonish County Nova Scotia
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Antigonish Nova Scotia (8)
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Cape Breton Island
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Cape Breton County Nova Scotia
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Sydney Nova Scotia (7)
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Cape Breton Highlands (13)
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Inverness County Nova Scotia (2)
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Chedabucto Bay (3)
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Cobequid Bay (1)
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Cobequid Highlands (22)
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Colchester County Nova Scotia (3)
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Joggins Fossil Cliffs (7)
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Digby County Nova Scotia (3)
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Gays River Deposit (16)
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Halifax County Nova Scotia
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Halifax Nova Scotia (12)
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Hants County Nova Scotia (8)
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Kings County Nova Scotia (6)
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Lunenburg County Nova Scotia (4)
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Minas Basin (42)
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Pictou County Nova Scotia (3)
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Queens County Nova Scotia (2)
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Sable Island (17)
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Shelburne County Nova Scotia (2)
-
Yarmouth County Nova Scotia
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-
-
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Prince Edward Island (28)
-
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Matachewan dike swarm (10)
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Meguma Terrane (90)
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Newfoundland and Labrador
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Labrador
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Kiglapait (8)
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Kiglapait Intrusion (14)
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Mistastin Lake (3)
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Nain Massif (34)
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Nain Newfoundland and Labrador (2)
-
Voisey's Bay Deposit (47)
-
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Newfoundland
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Avalon Peninsula (70)
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Baie Verte Peninsula (17)
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Betts Cove (5)
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Buchans Newfoundland and Labrador (2)
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Daniel's Harbour Newfoundland and Labrador (2)
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Great Northern Peninsula (11)
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Humber Arm Allochthon (26)
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New World Island (15)
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Notre Dame Bay (32)
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Port au Port Peninsula (48)
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Saint John's Newfoundland and Labrador (2)
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Ontario
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Algoma District Ontario
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Blind River Ontario (11)
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Elliot Lake Ontario (30)
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Mamainse Point (10)
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Quirke Lake (3)
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Sault Sainte Marie Ontario (3)
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Wawa Ontario (18)
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Batchawana Bay (5)
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Brant County Ontario (1)
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Bruce Peninsula (15)
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Callander Bay (3)
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Chalk River (1)
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Cochrane District Ontario
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Abitibi Ontario (2)
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Kidd Creek Mine (22)
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Matheson Ontario (9)
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Timmins Ontario (68)
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Coldwell Complex (26)
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Eye-Dashwa Lakes Pluton (8)
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Hemlo Deposit (35)
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Brent Crater (6)
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Atikokan Ontario (12)
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Renfrew County Ontario
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Russell County Ontario (4)
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Saint Catharines Ontario (3)
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Borden Ontario (4)
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Strathcona Mine (21)
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Sudbury igneous complex (111)
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Sudbury Structure (79)
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Temagami Mine (3)
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Thunder Bay (5)
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Lake Nipigon (10)
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Manitouwadge Ontario (13)
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Marshall Lake (1)
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Thunder Bay Ontario (13)
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Timiskaming District Ontario
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Cobalt Ontario (51)
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Kirkland Lake Ontario (36)
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New Liskeard Ontario (1)
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Toronto Ontario (35)
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Victoria County Ontario (2)
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Whetstone Lake (2)
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Ottawa Valley (23)
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Quebec
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Abitibi County Quebec
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Anticosti Island (97)
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Dore Lake Complex (4)
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Eastern Townships (5)
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Frontenac County Quebec (1)
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Gaspe Peninsula (172)
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Gaspe-Est County Quebec
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-
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Gaspe-Ouest County Quebec (1)
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Gatineau County Quebec
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Hull Quebec (3)
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Gatineau Valley (4)
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Horne Mine (22)
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Kamouraska County Quebec (2)
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Labelle County Quebec (2)
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Levis County Quebec (5)
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Magdalen Islands (12)
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Manicouagan Crater (15)
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Manicouagan Lake (7)
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Manicouagan River (6)
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Matagami (28)
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Matane County Quebec (3)
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Matapedia County Quebec (2)
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Megantic County Quebec (2)
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Monteregian Hills (41)
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Montreal Quebec (43)
-
-
Morin Complex (10)
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New Quebec Crater (4)
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Noranda Quebec (115)
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Oka Complex (15)
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Pontiac County Quebec (5)
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Quebec City Quebec (26)
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Riviere-du-Loup County Quebec (2)
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Mont-Saint-Hilaire Quebec (48)
-
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Saguenay County Quebec
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Schefferville Quebec (11)
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Sept-Iles Quebec (11)
-
-
Saguenay Fjord (2)
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Saguenay Valley (9)
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Saint Lawrence Estuary (32)
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Saint-Maurice County Quebec (2)
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Sherbrooke County Quebec (3)
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Sigma Mine (16)
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Kipawa Lake (3)
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Rouyn Quebec (45)
-
-
Temiscouata County Quebec (1)
-
Thetford Mines (26)
-
-
-
Elzevir Terrane (8)
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Hudson Bay (25)
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Hudson Bay Lowlands (28)
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Labrador Trough (44)
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Mackenzie Mountains (3)
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Muskox Intrusion (1)
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North Saskatchewan River (1)
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Northumberland Strait (8)
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Nunavut
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Baffin Island
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Barnes ice cap (12)
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Cape Dyer (2)
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-
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Belcher Islands (12)
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Haughton impact structure (1)
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Torngat Mountains (9)
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Ungava (68)
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Western Canada
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Alberta
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Canadian Cordillera (2)
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Northwest Territories
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Cascade Range (1)
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Clearwater Lake (6)
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Kazakhstan
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Kyrgyzstan (1)
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Russian Federation
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Kamchatka Peninsula
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-
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Karelia Russian Federation (1)
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Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
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Araucaria (1)
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-
Picea (3)
-
Pinaceae
-
Abies (1)
-
Pinus (4)
-
-
-
Cordaitales
-
Cordaites (2)
-
-
Cycadales (1)
-
Ginkgoales (1)
-
Pteridospermae
-
Neuropteris (1)
-
-
-
-
-
problematic fossils
-
problematic microfossils (8)
-
-
prokaryotes (1)
-
Pterobranchia (3)
-
thallophytes (43)
-
tracks (13)
-
trails (7)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (3)
-
Ar/Ar (140)
-
exposure age (10)
-
fission-track dating (14)
-
infrared stimulated luminescence (1)
-
K/Ar (71)
-
lichenometry (2)
-
Lu/Hf (5)
-
Nd/Nd (4)
-
optical mineralogy (10)
-
optically stimulated luminescence (4)
-
paleomagnetism (268)
-
Pb/Pb (42)
-
Pb/Th (4)
-
racemization (12)
-
radiation damage (2)
-
Rb/Sr (107)
-
Re/Os (16)
-
Sm/Nd (51)
-
tephrochronology (2)
-
Th/U (9)
-
thermochronology (9)
-
thermoluminescence (12)
-
tree rings (7)
-
U/Pb (462)
-
U/Th/Pb (11)
-
uranium disequilibrium (6)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Leda Clay (4)
-
lower Cenozoic (1)
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
Atlantic (2)
-
lower Holocene (20)
-
middle Holocene (2)
-
Neoglacial
-
Little Ice Age (2)
-
-
Preboreal (1)
-
upper Holocene
-
Little Ice Age (2)
-
-
-
Pleistocene
-
Champlain Sea (29)
-
Illinoian (7)
-
Lake Agassiz (11)
-
Lake Algonquin (9)
-
Lake Chicago (1)
-
Lake Maumee (2)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Lake Iroquois (6)
-
Sangamonian (13)
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Allerod (3)
-
Bolling (1)
-
Younger Dryas (9)
-
-
-
Wisconsinan
-
lower Wisconsinan (3)
-
middle Wisconsinan (1)
-
upper Wisconsinan (34)
-
-
Wurm (2)
-
-
-
upper Quaternary
-
Brunhes Chron (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
lower Tertiary (3)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene (3)
-
Pliocene
-
Cimmerian (1)
-
middle Pliocene (1)
-
upper Pliocene (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
lower Eocene (1)
-
upper Eocene (1)
-
-
lower Paleogene (1)
-
Oligocene (4)
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (4)
-
-
Coal Measures (1)
-
Dalradian (6)
-
Laurentide ice sheet (73)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Logan Canyon Formation (9)
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian
-
upper Albian (1)
-
-
Aptian (5)
-
Barremian (4)
-
Berriasian (2)
-
Gething Formation (1)
-
McMurray Formation (1)
-
Missisauga Formation (11)
-
Mowry Shale (1)
-
Neocomian (2)
-
Spirit River Formation (1)
-
Valanginian (3)
-
-
Middle Cretaceous (4)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Belle Fourche Shale (1)
-
Cardium Formation (1)
-
Cenomanian
-
lower Cenomanian (1)
-
-
Dawson Canyon Formation (4)
-
Edmonton Group (1)
-
Ferron Sandstone Member (1)
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
Maestrichtian (3)
-
Senonian (3)
-
Turonian
-
lower Turonian (1)
-
-
Wyandot Formation (5)
-
-
-
Franciscan Complex (1)
-
Jurassic
-
Clarens Formation (1)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Hettangian (2)
-
lower Liassic (2)
-
middle Liassic (1)
-
Pliensbachian (1)
-
Toarcian (1)
-
Triassic-Jurassic boundary (2)
-
upper Liassic (1)
-
-
Mic Mac Formation (2)
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Bajocian (1)
-
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Fulmar Formation (1)
-
Jeanne d'Arc Formation (3)
-
Kimmeridgian (3)
-
Portlandian (1)
-
Tithonian (5)
-
-
-
lower Mesozoic (10)
-
middle Mesozoic (1)
-
Newark Supergroup (7)
-
Pucara Group (1)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic (1)
-
Middle Triassic
-
Ladinian (1)
-
-
Moenkopi Formation (1)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Carnian (4)
-
Norian (3)
-
Rhaetian (2)
-
Stormberg Series (1)
-
Triassic-Jurassic boundary (2)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic (1)
-
-
MIS 2 (1)
-
MIS 3 (1)
-
MIS 5 (1)
-
MIS 7 (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Arbuckle Group (1)
-
Cambrian
-
Acadian (15)
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Terreneuvian
-
Fortunian (1)
-
-
Tommotian (3)
-
-
Middle Cambrian
-
Burgess Shale (1)
-
Marjum Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Furongian
-
Jiangshanian (2)
-
Paibian (3)
-
-
Goldenville Formation (14)
-
Orr Formation (1)
-
Potsdam Sandstone (13)
-
Steptoean (9)
-
-
-
Cape Elizabeth Formation (1)
-
Carboniferous
-
Albert Formation (20)
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Asbian (1)
-
Dinantian (64)
-
-
Mabou Group (15)
-
Middle Carboniferous (7)
-
Mississippian
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Kinderhookian
-
Banff Formation (1)
-
-
Tournaisian (13)
-
-
Macumber Formation (10)
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean
-
upper Visean (2)
-
-
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Chesterian (1)
-
Heath Formation (1)
-
Serpukhovian (1)
-
-
Windsor Group (60)
-
-
Namurian (10)
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Cumberland Group (14)
-
Joggins Formation (22)
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Bashkirian (3)
-
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Allegheny Group (3)
-
Desmoinesian (1)
-
Moscovian (2)
-
-
Morien Group (14)
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Missourian (1)
-
-
-
Silesian (2)
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Stephanian (8)
-
Westphalian (28)
-
-
-
Casco Bay Group (1)
-
Catskill Formation (1)
-
Cow Head Group (37)
-
Devonian
-
Ackley Granite (3)
-
Fisset Brook Formation (4)
-
Gile Mountain Formation (1)
-
Levis Shale (7)
-
Lower Devonian
-
Battery Point Formation (6)
-
Emsian (23)
-
Gedinnian (2)
-
Lochkovian (2)
-
Manlius Formation (1)
-
Oriskany Sandstone (1)
-
Pragian (3)
-
Shap Granite (1)
-
Siegenian (3)
-
York River Formation (5)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Columbus Limestone (3)
-
Couvinian (1)
-
Delaware Limestone (1)
-
Detroit River Group (9)
-
Dundee Limestone (3)
-
Eifelian (9)
-
Givetian (7)
-
Hamilton Group (13)
-
Ludlowville Formation (1)
-
Marcellus Shale (1)
-
Moscow Formation (1)
-
Onondaga Limestone (5)
-
Tioga Bentonite (1)
-
-
Miette Complex (1)
-
Traverse Group (2)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian
-
upper Famennian (1)
-
-
Frasnian (12)
-
Ohio Shale (1)
-
Perry Formation (5)
-
-
-
Ellis Bay Formation (31)
-
Hidden Valley Dolomite (1)
-
Horton Group (33)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Bay of Islands Ophiolite (20)
-
Cape Phillips Formation (1)
-
Conococheague Formation (1)
-
Rose Run Sandstone (1)
-
-
Matapedia Group (9)
-
Merrimack Group (3)
-
middle Paleozoic (12)
-
Ordovician
-
Betts Cove Ophiolite (6)
-
Buchans Group (7)
-
Catoche Formation (6)
-
Davidsville Group (8)
-
Gander Lake Group (6)
-
Gull River Formation (5)
-
Lexington Limestone (2)
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Arenigian (29)
-
Beekmantown Group (22)
-
El Paso Group (1)
-
Ellenburger Group (1)
-
Fillmore Formation (2)
-
Floian (2)
-
Ibexian (4)
-
Saint George Group (19)
-
Tremadocian
-
Halifax Formation (10)
-
-
-
Lushs Bight Group (5)
-
Martinsburg Formation (1)
-
Meguma Group (65)
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Ammonoosuc Volcanics (1)
-
Black River Group (12)
-
Blackriverian (3)
-
Bromide Formation (3)
-
Champlainian (3)
-
Chazy Group (6)
-
Chazyan (7)
-
Cloridorme Formation (16)
-
Dapingian (2)
-
Darriwilian (16)
-
Decorah Shale (1)
-
Deicke Bentonite Bed (1)
-
Dolgeville Formation (3)
-
Galena Dolomite (2)
-
Llandeilian (5)
-
Llanvirnian (8)
-
Millbrig Bentonite Bed (2)
-
Normanskill Formation (3)
-
Platteville Formation (1)
-
Shadow Lake Formation (1)
-
Table Head Group (18)
-
Whiterockian (6)
-
Woods Hollow Shale (1)
-
-
Miramichi Group (6)
-
Pogonip Group (1)
-
Tetagouche Group (40)
-
Trenton Group (32)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (32)
-
Caradocian (18)
-
Cincinnatian
-
Maysvillian (3)
-
Richmondian (5)
-
-
Edenian (3)
-
Hirnantian (19)
-
Katian (15)
-
Kope Formation (1)
-
Lorraine Group (2)
-
Maquoketa Formation (1)
-
Mohawkian (4)
-
Queenston Shale (6)
-
Red River Formation (2)
-
Sandbian (5)
-
Trentonian (31)
-
-
Utica Shale (16)
-
Valmy Formation (1)
-
Vinini Formation (1)
-
Wild Bight Group (3)
-
-
Permian
-
Lower Permian
-
Cisuralian
-
Artinskian (1)
-
-
-
Middle Permian (1)
-
Upper Permian (3)
-
-
Sauk Sequence (4)
-
Silurian
-
Lockport Formation (11)
-
Lower Silurian
-
Brassfield Formation (1)
-
Grimsby Sandstone (6)
-
Llandovery
-
Aeronian (3)
-
Rhuddanian (3)
-
Telychian (3)
-
-
Tuscarora Formation (2)
-
Wenlock (19)
-
Whirlpool Sandstone (7)
-
-
Middle Silurian
-
Clinton Group (5)
-
Guelph Formation (4)
-
Roberts Mountains Formation (1)
-
Rochester Formation (7)
-
-
Niagaran (16)
-
Upper Silurian
-
Bloomsburg Formation (1)
-
Ludlow (9)
-
Pridoli (7)
-
Salina Group (6)
-
-
-
Tippecanoe Sequence (3)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Antrim Shale (2)
-
Kiaman Superchron (1)
-
Pictou Group (9)
-
-
Waits River Formation (1)
-
Wissahickon Formation (1)
-
-
Phanerozoic (18)
-
Precambrian
-
Adirondack Anorthosite (4)
-
Animikie Group (8)
-
Archean
-
Blake River Group (42)
-
Blondeau Formation (2)
-
Eoarchean (1)
-
Gilman Formation (4)
-
J-M Reef (1)
-
Mesoarchean (2)
-
Neoarchean (77)
-
Nuk Gneiss (3)
-
Opemisca Group (2)
-
Paleoarchean (4)
-
Roy Group (2)
-
Timiskaming Group (19)
-
Yellowknife Group (1)
-
-
Biwabik Iron Formation (3)
-
Eocambrian (2)
-
Espanola Formation (8)
-
Flinton Group (7)
-
Gunflint Iron Formation (27)
-
Hadean (6)
-
Hamersley Group (1)
-
Harbour Main Group (3)
-
Kisseynew Complex (1)
-
Levack Gneiss (8)
-
Lewisian Complex (1)
-
middle Precambrian (10)
-
Nipissing Diabase (31)
-
Nonesuch Shale (1)
-
North Shore Volcanics (2)
-
Osler Series (3)
-
Sokoman Formation (11)
-
Stillwater Complex (9)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Algonkian (1)
-
Athabasca Formation (1)
-
Baraga Group (1)
-
Bitter Springs Formation (1)
-
Coldbrook Group (8)
-
Dedham Granodiorite (2)
-
Great Oxidation Event (1)
-
Huronian
-
Gowganda Formation (20)
-
Onaping Formation (19)
-
Signal Hill Formation (2)
-
-
Keweenawan
-
Portage Lake Lava Series (1)
-
-
Lewisian (1)
-
Lorrain Formation (2)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Belt Supergroup (1)
-
Freda Sandstone (1)
-
Helena Formation (1)
-
Helikian
-
Neohelikian (7)
-
-
-
Negaunee Iron Formation (2)
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (2)
-
Ediacaran (68)
-
Hadrynian
-
Fourchu Group (4)
-
George River Group (1)
-
-
Infracambrian (1)
-
Marinoan (1)
-
Moine Supergroup (2)
-
Moinian (1)
-
Otavi Group (1)
-
Tonian (4)
-
Vendian (28)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Aphebian (29)
-
Chelmsford Formation (5)
-
Cobalt Group (5)
-
Hemlock Formation (1)
-
Marquette Range Supergroup (2)
-
Michigamme Formation (1)
-
Rustenburg Layered Suite (1)
-
Virginia Formation (1)
-
Whitewater Group (6)
-
-
-
-
Witwatersrand Supergroup (1)
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
agglutinates (1)
-
extrusive rocks (3)
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites
-
sovite (1)
-
-
feldspathoid rocks (11)
-
granophyre (16)
-
hypabyssal rocks (6)
-
kimberlite (37)
-
peperite (1)
-
picrite (8)
-
plutonic rocks
-
alnoite (4)
-
anorthosite
-
gabbroic anorthosite (1)
-
-
appinite (2)
-
diabase
-
olivine diabase (4)
-
-
diorites
-
microdiorite (1)
-
plagiogranite (3)
-
quartz diorites (18)
-
tonalite (43)
-
trondhjemite (26)
-
-
essexite (1)
-
gabbros
-
alkali gabbros (3)
-
norite (48)
-
olivine gabbro (7)
-
troctolite (27)
-
-
granites
-
adamellite (8)
-
alaskite (4)
-
alkali granites (3)
-
aplite (13)
-
A-type granites (17)
-
biotite granite (2)
-
charnockite (9)
-
felsite (6)
-
granite porphyry (3)
-
I-type granites (6)
-
leucogranite (21)
-
microgranite (3)
-
micropegmatite (8)
-
monzogranite (23)
-
rapakivi (3)
-
S-type granites (4)
-
two-mica granite (2)
-
-
granodiorites (54)
-
ijolite (3)
-
lamproite (4)
-
lamprophyres
-
camptonite (3)
-
kersantite (1)
-
minette (3)
-
monchiquite (2)
-
spessartite (2)
-
-
monzodiorite (8)
-
monzonites
-
mangerite (6)
-
-
pegmatite (110)
-
quartz monzonite (13)
-
sovite (1)
-
syenites
-
albitite (2)
-
alkali syenites (6)
-
nepheline syenite
-
agpaite (4)
-
miaskite (1)
-
-
pulaskite (1)
-
quartz syenite (5)
-
-
syenodiorite (1)
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (6)
-
hornblendite (1)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (14)
-
eulysite (1)
-
harzburgite (22)
-
lherzolite (8)
-
spinel lherzolite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
clinopyroxenite (6)
-
websterite (1)
-
-
-
-
porphyry (31)
-
volcanic rocks
-
adakites (2)
-
andesites
-
boninite (8)
-
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
alkali olivine basalt (1)
-
spilite (1)
-
-
flood basalts (13)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (21)
-
ocean-island basalts (4)
-
olivine tholeiite (3)
-
shoshonite (3)
-
tholeiite (24)
-
tholeiitic basalt (12)
-
-
basanite (3)
-
dacites (13)
-
glasses (5)
-
keratophyre (2)
-
komatiite (42)
-
meimechite (1)
-
nephelinite (1)
-
phonolites (2)
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (4)
-
hyaloclastite (7)
-
ignimbrite (7)
-
rhyolite tuff (1)
-
tuff (44)
-
tuffite (4)
-
welded tuff (1)
-
-
rhyodacites (3)
-
rhyolites
-
pantellerite (1)
-
-
tephrite (1)
-
trachyandesites (2)
-
trachytes (5)
-
-
-
ophiolite (101)
-
volcanic ash (5)
-
wehrlite (3)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
K-bentonite (10)
-
metabentonite (1)
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites
-
orthoamphibolite (2)
-
-
cataclasites (2)
-
eclogite (8)
-
garnetite (1)
-
gneisses
-
banded gneiss (1)
-
biotite gneiss (1)
-
granite gneiss (14)
-
orthogneiss (30)
-
paragneiss (20)
-
tonalite gneiss (5)
-
-
granulites (43)
-
hornfels (7)
-
impactites
-
impact breccia (6)
-
-
lapis lazuli (2)
-
marbles
-
ophicalcite (3)
-
-
metacarbonate rocks (2)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
meta-andesite (4)
-
meta-anorthosite (7)
-
metabasalt (26)
-
metabasite (5)
-
metadacite (1)
-
metadiabase (7)
-
metadiorite (4)
-
metagabbro (33)
-
metagranite (27)
-
metakomatiite (7)
-
metaperidotite (4)
-
metapyroxenite (2)
-
metarhyolite (7)
-
metatuff (3)
-
serpentinite (18)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (51)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
metaconglomerate (13)
-
metagraywacke (3)
-
metapelite (21)
-
metasandstone (9)
-
metasiltstone (2)
-
paragneiss (20)
-
shungite (1)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
fenite (7)
-
greisen (17)
-
rodingite (7)
-
serpentinite (18)
-
skarn (36)
-
steatite (1)
-
tactite (1)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (197)
-
migmatites (25)
-
mylonites
-
pseudotachylite (11)
-
ultramylonite (1)
-
-
phyllites (7)
-
phyllonites (1)
-
quartzites (31)
-
schists
-
blueschist (4)
-
chlorite schist (1)
-
greenschist (12)
-
greenstone (17)
-
muscovite schist (1)
-
tourmalinite (2)
-
-
slates (18)
-
-
ophiolite (101)
-
turbidite (66)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites
-
stony meteorites
-
achondrites
-
Martian meteorites
-
SNC Meteorites
-
nakhlite (1)
-
shergottite (1)
-
-
-
-
chondrites
-
ordinary chondrites (1)
-
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
alloys
-
awaruite (2)
-
electrum (5)
-
niggliite (3)
-
silicides (1)
-
-
antimonates (1)
-
antimonides (4)
-
arsenates
-
pharmacosiderite (1)
-
scorodite (2)
-
-
arsenides
-
arsenopyrite (19)
-
cobaltite (4)
-
gersdorffite (3)
-
lollingite (1)
-
maucherite (3)
-
pararammelsbergite (2)
-
rammelsbergite (1)
-
safflorite (1)
-
skutterudite (2)
-
sperrylite (9)
-
-
bismuthides
-
froodite (8)
-
michenerite (12)
-
-
borates
-
boracite (5)
-
colemanite (2)
-
hydroboracite (3)
-
szaibelyite (2)
-
ulexite (2)
-
-
carbonates
-
ankerite (2)
-
aragonite (4)
-
bastnaesite (7)
-
calcite (62)
-
cancrinite (5)
-
cerussite (2)
-
dawsonite (7)
-
dolomite (34)
-
hydrotalcite (2)
-
magnesian calcite (3)
-
magnesite (3)
-
parisite (1)
-
pyroaurite (1)
-
rhodochrosite (7)
-
siderite (9)
-
spurrite (1)
-
synchysite (3)
-
weloganite (3)
-
-
chromates (1)
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
boracite (5)
-
eudialyte (14)
-
halite (13)
-
sylvite (3)
-
-
fluorides
-
bastnaesite (7)
-
clinohumite (1)
-
cryolite (1)
-
fluorite (12)
-
humite (2)
-
parisite (1)
-
synchysite (3)
-
topaz (9)
-
zinnwaldite (1)
-
-
-
hydrates (4)
-
K-bentonite (10)
-
metabentonite (1)
-
minerals (346)
-
molybdates
-
ferrimolybdite (1)
-
powellite (1)
-
-
native elements
-
diamond (7)
-
fullerene (1)
-
graphite (7)
-
-
oxalates
-
weddellite (1)
-
-
oxides
-
aluminum oxides (2)
-
anatase (1)
-
baddeleyite (27)
-
bayerite (1)
-
brannerite (5)
-
brucite (8)
-
cassiterite (6)
-
chrome spinel (5)
-
chromite (15)
-
corundum (7)
-
diaspore (2)
-
ferrihydrite (2)
-
franklinite (1)
-
gahnite (2)
-
geikielite (1)
-
gibbsite (5)
-
goethite (6)
-
groutite (1)
-
hematite (23)
-
hercynite (2)
-
hibonite (1)
-
hoegbomite (2)
-
hollandite (1)
-
hydroxides
-
iron hydroxides (4)
-
-
ilmenite (27)
-
iron oxides (19)
-
lepidocrocite (2)
-
leucoxene (1)
-
limonite (1)
-
maghemite (1)
-
magnesium oxides (2)
-
magnetite (53)
-
manganese oxides (1)
-
nigerite (3)
-
niobates
-
aeschynite (3)
-
betafite (2)
-
columbite (5)
-
euxenite (3)
-
loparite (2)
-
nenadkevichite (1)
-
pyrochlore (9)
-
samarskite (1)
-
-
nordstrandite (2)
-
periclase (1)
-
perovskite (9)
-
pitchblende (1)
-
portlandite (1)
-
ramsdellite (1)
-
rutile (30)
-
sapphire (5)
-
senarmontite (2)
-
specularite (2)
-
spinel (16)
-
spinel group (2)
-
tantalates
-
betafite (2)
-
euxenite (3)
-
microlite (2)
-
tantalite (4)
-
wodginite (2)
-
-
thorianite (1)
-
titanium oxides (9)
-
titanomagnetite (2)
-
ulvospinel (3)
-
uraninite (17)
-
valentinite (2)
-
wustite (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (48)
-
britholite (1)
-
chlorapatite (2)
-
crandallite (1)
-
fluorapatite (9)
-
graftonite (1)
-
hydroxylapatite (1)
-
monazite (58)
-
rhabdophane (1)
-
turquoise (1)
-
xenotime (7)
-
-
platinum minerals (17)
-
selenides (3)
-
silicates
-
aluminosilicates
-
maskelynite (1)
-
-
asbestos (27)
-
borosilicates (7)
-
chain silicates
-
aenigmatite group
-
aenigmatite (2)
-
sapphirine (5)
-
-
amphibole group
-
alkalic amphibole (2)
-
clinoamphibole
-
actinolite (10)
-
arfvedsonite (13)
-
crocidolite (1)
-
crossite (1)
-
cummingtonite (7)
-
ferrohastingsite (1)
-
grunerite (1)
-
hastingsite (5)
-
hornblende (66)
-
kaersutite (4)
-
magnesioriebeckite (1)
-
pargasite (8)
-
richterite (2)
-
riebeckite (4)
-
tremolite (7)
-
-
orthoamphibole
-
anthophyllite (4)
-
gedrite (6)
-
holmquistite (1)
-
-
-
astrophyllite (9)
-
carpholite (1)
-
leucosphenite (1)
-
prehnite (5)
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
aegirine (19)
-
augite (13)
-
diopside (14)
-
omphacite (1)
-
pigeonite (5)
-
spodumene (9)
-
titanaugite (1)
-
-
orthopyroxene
-
enstatite (3)
-
ferrosilite (1)
-
hypersthene (5)
-
-
-
wollastonite group
-
pectolite (6)
-
wollastonite (3)
-
-
xonotlite (2)
-
-
feldspathoids (1)
-
framework silicates
-
cancrinite (5)
-
danburite (1)
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
amazonite (1)
-
celsian (1)
-
hyalophane (1)
-
K-feldspar (35)
-
microcline (8)
-
orthoclase (6)
-
perthite (8)
-
sanidine (4)
-
-
antiperthite (2)
-
barium feldspar
-
celsian (1)
-
hyalophane (1)
-
-
plagioclase
-
albite (31)
-
andesine (4)
-
anorthite (4)
-
labradorite (1)
-
-
-
leucite (3)
-
myrmekite (1)
-
nepheline group
-
nepheline (22)
-
-
pseudoleucite (1)
-
scapolite group
-
scapolite (10)
-
-
silica minerals
-
amethyst (3)
-
chalcedony (1)
-
quartz (99)
-
tridymite (2)
-
-
sodalite group
-
genthelvite (2)
-
helvite (2)
-
lazurite (2)
-
sodalite (8)
-
-
zeolite group
-
analcime (10)
-
chabazite (2)
-
clinoptilolite (1)
-
edingtonite (1)
-
epistilbite (1)
-
garronite (1)
-
gmelinite (2)
-
heulandite (1)
-
mordenite (1)
-
natrolite (8)
-
phillipsite (1)
-
pollucite (3)
-
stilbite (3)
-
-
-
iron silicates (1)
-
neptunite (6)
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
andalusite (3)
-
britholite group
-
britholite (1)
-
-
chloritoid (4)
-
clinohumite (1)
-
cyrtolite (1)
-
datolite group
-
datolite (1)
-
gadolinite (3)
-
-
dumortierite (1)
-
garnet group
-
almandine (8)
-
andradite (6)
-
grossular (13)
-
hydrogarnet
-
hibschite (1)
-
-
melanite (1)
-
pyrope (9)
-
schorlomite (1)
-
spessartine (6)
-
uvarovite (4)
-
vanadium garnet (1)
-
-
humite (2)
-
kasolite (1)
-
kyanite (4)
-
merwinite (1)
-
olivine group
-
fayalite (2)
-
forsterite (7)
-
monticellite (4)
-
olivine (35)
-
peridot (1)
-
-
phenakite group
-
eucryptite (1)
-
phenakite (1)
-
-
sillimanite (8)
-
spurrite (1)
-
staurolite (4)
-
stillwellite (1)
-
titanite group
-
titanite (56)
-
-
topaz (9)
-
zircon group
-
thorite (5)
-
zircon (372)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
barylite (2)
-
bertrandite (1)
-
chevkinite group
-
chevkinite (1)
-
-
epidote group
-
allanite (7)
-
clinozoisite (1)
-
epidote (22)
-
piemontite (2)
-
zoisite (2)
-
-
kornerupine (1)
-
melilite group
-
akermanite (1)
-
gehlenite (1)
-
melilite (4)
-
-
pumpellyite group
-
pumpellyite (3)
-
-
vesuvianite (7)
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
aquamarine (3)
-
beryl (8)
-
cordierite (17)
-
emerald (3)
-
eudialyte (14)
-
labuntsovite (5)
-
milarite group
-
milarite (1)
-
osumilite (3)
-
-
nenadkevichite (1)
-
tourmaline group
-
buergerite (1)
-
dravite (3)
-
elbaite (1)
-
foitite (1)
-
schorl (2)
-
uvite (1)
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
apophyllite (1)
-
chlorite group
-
chamosite (3)
-
chlorite (34)
-
clinochlore (3)
-
sudoite (1)
-
-
clay minerals
-
hisingerite (1)
-
kaolinite (11)
-
montmorillonite (2)
-
nontronite (1)
-
saponite (2)
-
smectite (14)
-
vermiculite (4)
-
-
corrensite (5)
-
ekanite (2)
-
gyrolite (4)
-
illite (20)
-
mica group
-
annite (1)
-
biotite (86)
-
celadonite (1)
-
fuchsite (2)
-
glauconite (9)
-
lepidolite (1)
-
muscovite (69)
-
phengite (1)
-
phlogopite (27)
-
polylithionite (3)
-
zinnwaldite (1)
-
-
palygorskite (2)
-
petalite (2)
-
pyrophyllite (3)
-
sericite (4)
-
serpentine group
-
antigorite (1)
-
berthierine (2)
-
chrysotile (17)
-
lizardite (5)
-
serpentine (6)
-
-
stilpnomelane (4)
-
talc (5)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
alunite (1)
-
anglesite (2)
-
anhydrite (11)
-
barite (17)
-
celestine (3)
-
copiapite (1)
-
epsomite (2)
-
gypsum (11)
-
halotrichite (1)
-
jarosite (5)
-
lazurite (2)
-
melanterite (4)
-
pickeringite (1)
-
rozenite (3)
-
schwertmannite (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
acanthite (1)
-
aikinite (1)
-
arsenopyrite (19)
-
bismuthinite (1)
-
bohdanowiczite (1)
-
bornite (9)
-
cattierite (1)
-
chalcocite (2)
-
chalcopyrite (34)
-
cobaltite (4)
-
copper sulfides (7)
-
covellite (1)
-
cubanite (6)
-
galena (31)
-
genthelvite (2)
-
gersdorffite (3)
-
greigite (2)
-
gudmundite (2)
-
heazlewoodite (3)
-
helvite (2)
-
iron sulfides (7)
-
kesterite (1)
-
lazurite (2)
-
linnaeite (1)
-
marcasite (4)
-
mawsonite (1)
-
millerite (8)
-
molybdenite (19)
-
nickel sulfides (8)
-
pentlandite (25)
-
pyrite (72)
-
pyrrhotite (61)
-
realgar (1)
-
roquesite (1)
-
siegenite (1)
-
smythite (2)
-
sphalerite (37)
-
stannoidite (1)
-
stibnite (6)
-
talnakhite (1)
-
troilite (1)
-
ullmannite (1)
-
vaesite (1)
-
violarite (4)
-
wurtzite (1)
-
-
sulfosalts
-
sulfantimonites
-
meneghinite (1)
-
polybasite (1)
-
stephanite (2)
-
tetrahedrite (2)
-
-
sulfarsenites
-
dufrenoysite (1)
-
pearceite (2)
-
proustite (1)
-
tennantite (3)
-
-
sulfobismuthites
-
matildite (1)
-
-
sulfostannates
-
stannite (4)
-
-
-
tellurides
-
altaite (1)
-
coloradoite (1)
-
hessite (3)
-
-
tungstates
-
scheelite (6)
-
wolframite (5)
-
-
uranium minerals (2)
-
vanadates (1)
-
wehrlite (3)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (972)
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Angola (2)
-
Congo Democratic Republic (1)
-
Gabon
-
Oklo (1)
-
-
-
East Africa
-
Mozambique (2)
-
Tanzania (3)
-
Zambia (4)
-
-
Kalahari Desert (1)
-
Madagascar (3)
-
North Africa
-
Algeria (1)
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (2)
-
High Atlas (2)
-
-
-
Egypt
-
Aswan Dam (1)
-
Eastern Desert (1)
-
Sinai Egypt (1)
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (2)
-
High Atlas (2)
-
-
Rif
-
Beni Bouchera (1)
-
-
-
-
Nubian Shield (1)
-
Sahara (1)
-
Southern Africa
-
Botswana (3)
-
Kaapvaal Craton (1)
-
Namaqualand (1)
-
Namibia
-
Karibib Namibia (1)
-
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (11)
-
Free State South Africa
-
Vredefort Dome (2)
-
-
Merensky Reef (5)
-
Transvaal region (7)
-
Witwatersrand (5)
-
-
Swaziland (1)
-
Zimbabwe
-
Great Dyke (2)
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Ghana (1)
-
Nigeria (1)
-
-
West African Craton (1)
-
West African Shield (1)
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic ice sheet
-
East Antarctic ice sheet (1)
-
-
East Antarctica (1)
-
Larsemann Hills (1)
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Beaufort Sea (2)
-
Norwegian Sea
-
Voring Basin (3)
-
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
Camp Century (1)
-
Disko Island (1)
-
East Greenland (2)
-
Greenland ice sheet (2)
-
Ilimaussaq (2)
-
Isua Belt (1)
-
Northern Greenland (3)
-
Nuussuaq Peninsula (1)
-
Peary Land (1)
-
Skaergaard Intrusion (7)
-
South Greenland (3)
-
West Greenland (13)
-
-
Svalbard
-
Spitsbergen (1)
-
-
-
asbestos deposits (9)
-
Asia
-
Altai Mountains
-
Mongolian Altai (1)
-
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Oman (4)
-
Saudi Arabia (1)
-
-
Central Asia
-
Kazakhstan
-
Karatau Range (1)
-
Kokchetav Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Massif (1)
-
-
-
-
Far East
-
China
-
Inner Mongolia China
-
Bayan Obo China (1)
-
-
Jiangsu China
-
Taihu Lake (1)
-
-
Yunnan China
-
Jinning China (1)
-
-
-
Indonesia
-
Irian Jaya Indonesia (1)
-
Sumatra (1)
-
-
Japan
-
Honshu
-
Akita Japan
-
Hokuroku Japan
-
Fukazawa Mine (1)
-
-
-
Hyogo Japan
-
Ikuno Mine (1)
-
-
Okayama Japan (1)
-
-
Kyushu (1)
-
Shikoku (1)
-
-
Laos (1)
-
Mongolia
-
Mongolian Altai (1)
-
-
Philippine Islands (1)
-
Taiwan (2)
-
-
Gobi Desert (1)
-
Himalayas (2)
-
Indian Peninsula
-
Afghanistan (1)
-
India
-
Andhra Pradesh India
-
Cuddapah Basin (1)
-
-
Bihar India (1)
-
Deccan Plateau (1)
-
Maharashtra India
-
Koyna Dam (1)
-
Latur India (1)
-
-
Orissa India (1)
-
-
Pakistan (3)
-
-
Irkutsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula
-
Tolbachik (2)
-
-
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
-
Norilsk region (11)
-
Norilsk Russian Federation (2)
-
-
-
Kyrgyzstan (1)
-
Middle East
-
Cyprus (1)
-
Israel (1)
-
Jordan (2)
-
Turkey (2)
-
-
Popigay Structure (2)
-
Russian Pacific region (1)
-
Siberia (3)
-
Siberian Platform (1)
-
Sri Lanka (3)
-
Tien Shan
-
Karatau Range (1)
-
-
-
associations (3)
-
asteroids (1)
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
Equatorial Atlantic (1)
-
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
-
TAG hydrothermal field (1)
-
-
North Atlantic
-
Baltic Sea (1)
-
Baltimore Canyon (1)
-
Bay of Fundy (49)
-
Bermuda Rise (2)
-
Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge (1)
-
Caribbean Sea (2)
-
Celtic Sea (1)
-
Charlie-Gibbs fracture zone (1)
-
Flemish Cap (8)
-
Frobisher Bay (9)
-
Georges Bank (10)
-
Georges Bank basin (1)
-
Goban Spur (1)
-
Gulf of Maine (7)
-
Gulf of Mexico (3)
-
Gulf of Saint Lawrence (65)
-
Hudson Bay (25)
-
Hudson Strait (8)
-
Irish Sea (1)
-
Jeanne d'Arc Basin (25)
-
Labrador Basin (2)
-
Labrador Sea
-
Labrador Shelf (12)
-
-
New England Seamounts (1)
-
North Sea
-
East Shetland Basin (1)
-
Kattegat (1)
-
-
Northeast Atlantic
-
Porcupine Bank (1)
-
-
Northwest Atlantic
-
Hibernia Field (10)
-
-
Porcupine Basin (1)
-
Reykjanes Ridge (1)
-
Sable Island Bank (6)
-
Scotian Shelf (79)
-
Scotian Slope (14)
-
TAG hydrothermal field (1)
-
-
South Atlantic
-
Espirito Santo Basin (1)
-
Santos Basin (1)
-
Southwest Atlantic (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Azores
-
Terceira Island (1)
-
-
Faeroe Islands (1)
-
Falkland Islands (1)
-
Saint Pierre and Miquelon (3)
-
Shetland Islands (1)
-
-
Atlantic region (27)
-
atmosphere (11)
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Amadeus Basin (1)
-
Arunta Block (1)
-
Georgina Basin (1)
-
Giles Complex (1)
-
Musgrave Block (2)
-
New South Wales Australia
-
Tamworth Australia (1)
-
-
Northern Territory Australia (2)
-
Queensland Australia
-
Burdekin River (1)
-
Century Deposit (1)
-
Mount Isa Australia (2)
-
-
South Australia
-
Fleurieu Peninsula (1)
-
Flinders Ranges (1)
-
Olympic Dam Deposit (1)
-
-
Tamworth Belt (1)
-
Tasmania Australia (3)
-
Victoria Australia
-
Ballarat Australia (1)
-
Ballarat gold field (1)
-
Bendigo Australia (1)
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gneisses
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granulites (43)
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impactites
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impact breccia (6)
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lapis lazuli (2)
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marbles
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ophicalcite (3)
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metacarbonate rocks (2)
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metaigneous rocks
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meta-andesite (4)
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meta-anorthosite (7)
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metabasalt (26)
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metabasite (5)
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metadacite (1)
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metagabbro (33)
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metaplutonic rocks (51)
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metasedimentary rocks
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shungite (1)
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metasomatic rocks
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fenite (7)
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greisen (17)
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rodingite (7)
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skarn (36)
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steatite (1)
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tactite (1)
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metavolcanic rocks (197)
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migmatites (25)
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phyllites (7)
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quartzites (31)
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schists
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blueschist (4)
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chlorite schist (1)
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muscovite schist (1)
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slates (18)
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metasomatism (477)
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meteorites
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chondrites
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meteorology (4)
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Mexico
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Moon (2)
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nitrogen
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N-15/N-14 (5)
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noble gases
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argon
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (3)
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helium
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neon (3)
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radon
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Rn-222 (1)
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nodules (6)
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nonmetal deposits (2)
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nonmetals (1)
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North America
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Appalachian Basin (15)
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Appalachians
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Basin and Range Province (1)
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Canadian Shield
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Grenville Province
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Makkovik Province (16)
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Abitibi Belt (331)
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Champlain Valley (4)
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Great Lakes region (150)
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North American Cordillera
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North American Craton (3)
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Saganaga Lake (1)
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Saint Lawrence Lowlands (60)
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Western Interior
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Northern Hemisphere (2)
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nuclear facilities (9)
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Ocean Drilling Program
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Leg 105
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ODP Site 645 (2)
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ODP Site 646 (2)
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Leg 110 (1)
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Leg 152 (1)
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Leg 172
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ODP Site 1061 (1)
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ODP Site 1063 (1)
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Leg 173
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ODP Site 1067 (1)
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ODP Site 1068 (1)
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ODP Site 1069 (1)
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ODP Site 1070 (2)
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Leg 210
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ODP Site 1276 (2)
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ODP Site 1277 (3)
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-
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ocean floors (34)
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ocean waves (8)
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Oceania
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oceanography (121)
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oil and gas fields (46)
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oxygen
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dissolved oxygen (2)
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Pacific Coast (1)
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East Pacific
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Axial Seamount (1)
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Siqueiros fracture zone (1)
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North Pacific
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Bering Sea
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Northeast Pacific
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Axial Seamount (1)
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Siqueiros fracture zone (1)
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Northwest Pacific
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Celebes Sea (1)
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-
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West Pacific
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Indonesian Seas
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Northwest Pacific
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Pacific region (1)
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paleobotany (37)
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Paleozoic
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Arbuckle Group (1)
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Cambrian
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Acadian (15)
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Lower Cambrian
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Terreneuvian
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Fortunian (1)
-
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Tommotian (3)
-
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Middle Cambrian
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Burgess Shale (1)
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Marjum Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Cambrian
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Furongian
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Jiangshanian (2)
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Paibian (3)
-
-
Goldenville Formation (14)
-
Orr Formation (1)
-
Potsdam Sandstone (13)
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Steptoean (9)
-
-
-
Cape Elizabeth Formation (1)
-
Carboniferous
-
Albert Formation (20)
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Lower Carboniferous
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Asbian (1)
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Dinantian (64)
-
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Mabou Group (15)
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Middle Carboniferous (7)
-
Mississippian
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Lower Mississippian
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Kinderhookian
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Banff Formation (1)
-
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Tournaisian (13)
-
-
Macumber Formation (10)
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean
-
upper Visean (2)
-
-
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Chesterian (1)
-
Heath Formation (1)
-
Serpukhovian (1)
-
-
Windsor Group (60)
-
-
Namurian (10)
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Cumberland Group (14)
-
Joggins Formation (22)
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Bashkirian (3)
-
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Allegheny Group (3)
-
Desmoinesian (1)
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Moscovian (2)
-
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Morien Group (14)
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
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Missourian (1)
-
-
-
Silesian (2)
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Stephanian (8)
-
Westphalian (28)
-
-
-
Casco Bay Group (1)
-
Catskill Formation (1)
-
Cow Head Group (37)
-
Devonian
-
Ackley Granite (3)
-
Fisset Brook Formation (4)
-
Gile Mountain Formation (1)
-
Levis Shale (7)
-
Lower Devonian
-
Battery Point Formation (6)
-
Emsian (23)
-
Gedinnian (2)
-
Lochkovian (2)
-
Manlius Formation (1)
-
Oriskany Sandstone (1)
-
Pragian (3)
-
Shap Granite (1)
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Siegenian (3)
-
York River Formation (5)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Columbus Limestone (3)
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Couvinian (1)
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Delaware Limestone (1)
-
Detroit River Group (9)
-
Dundee Limestone (3)
-
Eifelian (9)
-
Givetian (7)
-
Hamilton Group (13)
-
Ludlowville Formation (1)
-
Marcellus Shale (1)
-
Moscow Formation (1)
-
Onondaga Limestone (5)
-
Tioga Bentonite (1)
-
-
Miette Complex (1)
-
Traverse Group (2)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian
-
upper Famennian (1)
-
-
Frasnian (12)
-
Ohio Shale (1)
-
Perry Formation (5)
-
-
-
Ellis Bay Formation (31)
-
Hidden Valley Dolomite (1)
-
Horton Group (33)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Bay of Islands Ophiolite (20)
-
Cape Phillips Formation (1)
-
Conococheague Formation (1)
-
Rose Run Sandstone (1)
-
-
Matapedia Group (9)
-
Merrimack Group (3)
-
middle Paleozoic (12)
-
Ordovician
-
Betts Cove Ophiolite (6)
-
Buchans Group (7)
-
Catoche Formation (6)
-
Davidsville Group (8)
-
Gander Lake Group (6)
-
Gull River Formation (5)
-
Lexington Limestone (2)
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Arenigian (29)
-
Beekmantown Group (22)
-
El Paso Group (1)
-
Ellenburger Group (1)
-
Fillmore Formation (2)
-
Floian (2)
-
Ibexian (4)
-
Saint George Group (19)
-
Tremadocian
-
Halifax Formation (10)
-
-
-
Lushs Bight Group (5)
-
Martinsburg Formation (1)
-
Meguma Group (65)
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Ammonoosuc Volcanics (1)
-
Black River Group (12)
-
Blackriverian (3)
-
Bromide Formation (3)
-
Champlainian (3)
-
Chazy Group (6)
-
Chazyan (7)
-
Cloridorme Formation (16)
-
Dapingian (2)
-
Darriwilian (16)
-
Decorah Shale (1)
-
Deicke Bentonite Bed (1)
-
Dolgeville Formation (3)
-
Galena Dolomite (2)
-
Llandeilian (5)
-
Llanvirnian (8)
-
Millbrig Bentonite Bed (2)
-
Normanskill Formation (3)
-
Platteville Formation (1)
-
Shadow Lake Formation (1)
-
Table Head Group (18)
-
Whiterockian (6)
-
Woods Hollow Shale (1)
-
-
Miramichi Group (6)
-
Pogonip Group (1)
-
Tetagouche Group (40)
-
Trenton Group (32)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (32)
-
Caradocian (18)
-
Cincinnatian
-
Maysvillian (3)
-
Richmondian (5)
-
-
Edenian (3)
-
Hirnantian (19)
-
Katian (15)
-
Kope Formation (1)
-
Lorraine Group (2)
-
Maquoketa Formation (1)
-
Mohawkian (4)
-
Queenston Shale (6)
-
Red River Formation (2)
-
Sandbian (5)
-
Trentonian (31)
-
-
Utica Shale (16)
-
Valmy Formation (1)
-
Vinini Formation (1)
-
Wild Bight Group (3)
-
-
Permian
-
Lower Permian
-
Cisuralian
-
Artinskian (1)
-
-
-
Middle Permian (1)
-
Upper Permian (3)
-
-
Sauk Sequence (4)
-
Silurian
-
Lockport Formation (11)
-
Lower Silurian
-
Brassfield Formation (1)
-
Grimsby Sandstone (6)
-
Llandovery
-
Aeronian (3)
-
Rhuddanian (3)
-
Telychian (3)
-
-
Tuscarora Formation (2)
-
Wenlock (19)
-
Whirlpool Sandstone (7)
-
-
Middle Silurian
-
Clinton Group (5)
-
Guelph Formation (4)
-
Roberts Mountains Formation (1)
-
Rochester Formation (7)
-
-
Niagaran (16)
-
Upper Silurian
-
Bloomsburg Formation (1)
-
Ludlow (9)
-
Pridoli (7)
-
Salina Group (6)
-
-
-
Tippecanoe Sequence (3)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Antrim Shale (2)
-
Kiaman Superchron (1)
-
Pictou Group (9)
-
-
Waits River Formation (1)
-
Wissahickon Formation (1)
-
-
palynology (6)
-
palynomorphs
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acritarchs (28)
-
Chitinozoa (33)
-
Dinoflagellata (19)
-
megaspores (1)
-
miospores
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pollen (56)
-
-
-
paragenesis (167)
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peat deposits (1)
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petroleum
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coalbed methane (1)
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shale gas (2)
-
-
-
petrology (653)
-
Phanerozoic (18)
-
phase equilibria (153)
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phosphate deposits (4)
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phosphorus (18)
-
placers
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beach placers (1)
-
-
Plantae
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algae
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calcareous algae (2)
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Chlorophyta
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Charophyta (2)
-
Chlorophyceae
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Codiaceae (1)
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-
-
Desmidiales (1)
-
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diatoms (14)
-
Epiphyton (3)
-
nannofossils
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Nannoconus (1)
-
-
Phaeophyta (1)
-
Rhodophyta
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Corallinaceae
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Lithothamnium (1)
-
-
-
-
Bryophyta
-
Musci
-
Sphagnum (2)
-
-
-
Pteridophyta
-
Lycopsida
-
Stigmaria (3)
-
-
Sphenopsida
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Equisetales
-
Calamites (2)
-
-
-
-
Spermatophyta
-
Angiospermae
-
Dicotyledoneae
-
Acer (1)
-
Carya (1)
-
Quercus (1)
-
Ulmus (1)
-
-
Monocotyledoneae
-
Gramineae
-
Spartina (1)
-
-
-
-
Gymnospermae
-
Bennettitales (1)
-
Coniferales
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Araucariaceae
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Araucaria (1)
-
-
Picea (3)
-
Pinaceae
-
Abies (1)
-
Pinus (4)
-
-
-
Cordaitales
-
Cordaites (2)
-
-
Cycadales (1)
-
Ginkgoales (1)
-
Pteridospermae
-
Neuropteris (1)
-
-
-
-
-
plate tectonics (398)
-
pollution (112)
-
potash (7)
-
Precambrian
-
Adirondack Anorthosite (4)
-
Animikie Group (8)
-
Archean
-
Blake River Group (42)
-
Blondeau Formation (2)
-
Eoarchean (1)
-
Gilman Formation (4)
-
J-M Reef (1)
-
Mesoarchean (2)
-
Neoarchean (77)
-
Nuk Gneiss (3)
-
Opemisca Group (2)
-
Paleoarchean (4)
-
Roy Group (2)
-
Timiskaming Group (19)
-
Yellowknife Group (1)
-
-
Biwabik Iron Formation (3)
-
Eocambrian (2)
-
Espanola Formation (8)
-
Flinton Group (7)
-
Gunflint Iron Formation (27)
-
Hadean (6)
-
Hamersley Group (1)
-
Harbour Main Group (3)
-
Kisseynew Complex (1)
-
Levack Gneiss (8)
-
Lewisian Complex (1)
-
middle Precambrian (10)
-
Nipissing Diabase (31)
-
Nonesuch Shale (1)
-
North Shore Volcanics (2)
-
Osler Series (3)
-
Sokoman Formation (11)
-
Stillwater Complex (9)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Algonkian (1)
-
Athabasca Formation (1)
-
Baraga Group (1)
-
Bitter Springs Formation (1)
-
Coldbrook Group (8)
-
Dedham Granodiorite (2)
-
Great Oxidation Event (1)
-
Huronian
-
Gowganda Formation (20)
-
Onaping Formation (19)
-
Signal Hill Formation (2)
-
-
Keweenawan
-
Portage Lake Lava Series (1)
-
-
Lewisian (1)
-
Lorrain Formation (2)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Belt Supergroup (1)
-
Freda Sandstone (1)
-
Helena Formation (1)
-
Helikian
-
Neohelikian (7)
-
-
-
Negaunee Iron Formation (2)
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (2)
-
Ediacaran (68)
-
Hadrynian
-
Fourchu Group (4)
-
George River Group (1)
-
-
Infracambrian (1)
-
Marinoan (1)
-
Moine Supergroup (2)
-
Moinian (1)
-
Otavi Group (1)
-
Tonian (4)
-
Vendian (28)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Aphebian (29)
-
Chelmsford Formation (5)
-
Cobalt Group (5)
-
Hemlock Formation (1)
-
Marquette Range Supergroup (2)
-
Michigamme Formation (1)
-
Rustenburg Layered Suite (1)
-
Virginia Formation (1)
-
Whitewater Group (6)
-
-
-
-
Witwatersrand Supergroup (1)
-
-
problematic fossils
-
problematic microfossils (8)
-
-
Pterobranchia (3)
-
quartz crystal (1)
-
reclamation (2)
-
reefs (42)
-
remote sensing (39)
-
reservoirs (7)
-
roads (3)
-
rock mechanics (19)
-
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-
sea water (25)
-
sea-floor spreading (27)
-
sea-level changes (135)
-
sedimentary petrology (288)
-
sedimentary rocks
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carbonate rocks
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beachrock (1)
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boundstone (3)
-
chalk (4)
-
dolostone (60)
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grainstone (8)
-
limestone
-
biomicrite (1)
-
biosparite (2)
-
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-
calcilutite (1)
-
dolomitic limestone (1)
-
micrite (10)
-
microbialite (4)
-
-
packstone (8)
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rudstone (1)
-
travertine (1)
-
wackestone (9)
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
chert (16)
-
evaporites
-
salt (9)
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sylvinite (2)
-
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flint (1)
-
iron formations
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banded iron formations (9)
-
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ironstone (1)
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phosphate rocks (1)
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silcrete (1)
-
siliceous sinter (1)
-
taconite (2)
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tufa (1)
-
weathering crust (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
arenite
-
quartz arenite (5)
-
-
argillite (9)
-
arkose (3)
-
bentonite (9)
-
black shale (25)
-
claystone (7)
-
conglomerate
-
quartz-pebble conglomerate (5)
-
-
diamictite (16)
-
fanglomerate (2)
-
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coal
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oil shale (20)
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flute casts (5)
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fossil ice wedges (2)
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groove casts (1)
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grooves (4)
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megaripples (2)
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mudcracks (3)
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ripple marks (14)
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sand waves (3)
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scour marks (3)
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tool marks (2)
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biogenic structures
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algal structures
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algal mats (3)
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banks (2)
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bioherms
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mud mounds (2)
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bioturbation (31)
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girvanella (5)
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lebensspuren (9)
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microbial mats (4)
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oncolites (2)
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stromatactis (3)
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stromatolites (26)
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thrombolites (3)
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current markings (5)
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graded bedding (18)
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hummocky cross-stratification (7)
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imbrication (6)
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laminations (22)
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rhythmite (8)
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sand bodies (3)
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varves (19)
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primary structures (5)
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concretions (19)
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cone-in-cone (1)
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stylolites (5)
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seismites (1)
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soft sediment deformation
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ball-and-pillow (2)
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clastic dikes (9)
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convoluted beds (2)
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flame structures (1)
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olistoliths (4)
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sandstone dikes (4)
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slump structures (5)
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sole marks (1)
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load casts (1)
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stratification (14)
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silt (24)
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lodgement till (1)
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gyttja (9)
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peat (39)
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shell beds (2)
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acid sulfate soils (1)
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Alfisols (1)
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Clay soils (1)
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laterites (1)
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Podzols (2)
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Sod-podzolic soils (1)
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Tundra soils (1)
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
Eastern Canada
Glacial dispersal of indicator minerals from the Brazil Lake lithium–caesium–tantalum pegmatites, SW Nova Scotia, Canada Open Access
Unusually fracture-free seafloor in the southern North Atlantic between Newfoundland and Iberia explained through compounding tectonic inheritance since the Paleoproterozoic Open Access
3D airborne electromagnetic forward modeling based on the multiscale hexahedral finite-element method Available to Purchase
Seismic Site Characterization and Region‐Specific Seismic Site Parameter Relationships of Essex County, Ontario, Canada Available to Purchase
Improving Multiscale Structural Targeting Precision for Large Ni-Cu (±PGE, Co) Sulfide Discoveries from Global Case Studies Open Access
The S 3 orogenic gold targeting algorithm: A case study from the Timmins gold camp, Ontario, Canada Available to Purchase
A chlorine isotope transect across Sudbury Basin (Canada) impact deposits reveals systematic isotope fractionation Open Access
SCARS ON THE SHIELD: CARLYLE BEALS, PETER MILLMAN, AND THE BEGINNING OF THE CANADIAN METEORITE CRATER PROGRAM, 1950–1960 Available to Purchase
Environmental associations and the paleoecological significance of the genus Pyxidicula Ehrenberg,1838 and Pyxidicula muskegii sp. nov. in the Hudson and James Bay region peatlands, Canada Open Access
The Magino Gold Deposit, Ontario, Canada: An Overprinted Archean Intrusion-Related Gold Deposit Available to Purchase
Seeing Through Metamorphism: Geochemical and Isotopic Studies of Amphibolite Facies Mafic-Siliciclastic (Besshi-Type) Massive Sulfide Deposits at the Elizabeth Copper Mine, Vermont, USA Open Access
Shape and Size Distribution of Sulfide Globules in the Raglan Magmatic Sulfide Deposit: Implications for Deposition and Exploration of Massive Sulfide Orebodies Available to Purchase
Petrogenetic relationship of the variably Ni–Cu–platinum-group element (PGE)-mineralized intrusions of the Thunder Bay North Intrusive Complex, Midcontinent Rift, Canada: Implications for mineral exploration in mafic–ultramafic complexes Available to Purchase
Hydrogeological insights from groundwater ice formation on the Niagara Escarpment, Hamilton, Canada Available to Purchase
Coda Envelope Moment Magnitudes and Source Scaling for Southeastern Canada Available to Purchase
Aeromagnetic data reveals buried Quaternary drainage patterns in the Gulf of St Lawrence (Canada) Available to Purchase
The Holleford structure: Insights into the pre- and post-impact geology of the Frontenac Terrane, Canada Available to Purchase
Floodplain organic-carbon dynamics modulated by meandering-channel migration: Vermilion River, Ontario, Canada Available to Purchase
Abstract Floodplains are important organic carbon (OC) storage sites, and the evolution of watercourses modulates the transport, burial and reworking of organics with cascading effects on watershed CO 2 budgets. Meandering rivers have broadly predictable patterns of channel-planform evolution, providing an opportunity to assess floodplain OC budgets of relation to characteristic migration paces and floodplain ages. However, due to geomorphic complexities of individual meandering rivers, assessments of relationships between channel and OC dynamics have thus far remained limited. We illustrate evolving OC budgets in relation to channel migration in the Vermilion River (Ontario) located in the boreal forest of eastern North America. We combine photogrammetric analyses and dynamic time warping of channel centrelines with analysis of top-soil bulk density and OC. We found that variations of OC stock per unit surface area and soil development are modulated by meander migration through the development of typical boreal-forest vegetation successions. Our results support the hypothesis that meander migration controls soil development, forest age and floodplain OC budgets. We anticipate our study to inform wider applications to rivers in different bioclimates – an approach that may in turn help carbon assessment in the context of changing climate or land use.