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NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Angola (1)
-
Congo Democratic Republic (1)
-
-
East Africa
-
Afar Depression (1)
-
Mozambique (1)
-
Tanzania (1)
-
Zambia (1)
-
-
East African Rift (1)
-
Limpopo Belt (4)
-
North Africa
-
Algeria
-
Kabylia (1)
-
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
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High Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Libya
-
Sirte Basin (1)
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
Rif
-
Beni Bouchera (2)
-
-
-
Tunisia (1)
-
-
Southern Africa
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Botswana (1)
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Gariep Belt (1)
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Kaapvaal Craton (5)
-
Namaqualand metamorphic complex (1)
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Namibia
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Damara Belt (1)
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Kaoko Belt (1)
-
-
Orange River (1)
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (1)
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Cape fold belt (2)
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Cape Province region (1)
-
KwaZulu-Natal South Africa
-
Durban South Africa (1)
-
-
Mpumalanga South Africa (1)
-
Sutherland South Africa (1)
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Western Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
-
Swaziland (1)
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Zimbabwe (2)
-
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West Africa
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Burkina Faso (1)
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Cameroon (1)
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Ghana (1)
-
Ivory Coast (1)
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Mali (2)
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Nigeria
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Niger Delta (3)
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Senegal (1)
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West African Craton (1)
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Zimbabwe Craton (3)
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Alpine Fault (2)
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Antarctica
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Antarctic Peninsula (1)
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East Antarctica (3)
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Marie Byrd Land
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Fosdick Mountains (1)
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Queen Maud Land
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Schirmacher Hills (1)
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Transantarctic Mountains
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Queen Maud Range (1)
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Victoria Land (2)
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West Antarctica (1)
-
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Antelope Valley (1)
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Arctic Ocean
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Barents Sea (1)
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Norwegian Sea
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Knipovich Ridge (1)
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-
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Arctic region
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Greenland
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East Greenland (2)
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Jameson Land (1)
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West Greenland (2)
-
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Jan Mayen (1)
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Svalbard
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Spitsbergen (2)
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-
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Asia
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Altai Mountains
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Mongolian Altai (1)
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Arabian Peninsula
-
Oman
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Oman Mountains (2)
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Baikal rift zone (1)
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Central Asia
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Pamirs (1)
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Far East
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China
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Altun Mountains (1)
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Anhui China (1)
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Dabie Mountains (1)
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Gansu China (1)
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Guangdong China (1)
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Hebei China
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Yanshan Range (1)
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Liaoning China
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Liaodong Peninsula (1)
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North China Platform (6)
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Qaidam Basin (1)
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Qiangtang Basin (1)
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Qinghai China (1)
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Qinling Mountains (4)
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Shaanxi China (1)
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Shanxi China (1)
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South China Block (4)
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Sulu Terrane (2)
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Taihang Mountains (1)
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Xinjiang China (2)
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Xizang China
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Lhasa Block (1)
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Yangtze Platform (1)
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Yunnan China
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Ailao Shan (2)
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Zhejiang China (1)
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Indonesia (1)
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Japan
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Honshu
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Chiba Peninsula (1)
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Ryukyu Islands (1)
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Korea
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South Korea (1)
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Mongolia
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Mongolian Altai (1)
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Thailand
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Chiang Mai Thailand (1)
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Vietnam (2)
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Himalayas
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Garhwal Himalayas (3)
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High Himalayan Crystallines (5)
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Kumaun Himalayas (1)
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Lesser Himalayas (4)
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Mount Everest (1)
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Nanga Parbat (3)
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Zanskar Range (3)
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Indian Peninsula
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Bhutan (3)
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India
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Andhra Pradesh India
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Khammam India (1)
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Prakasam India (1)
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Visakhapatnam India (1)
-
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Bhagirathi River (1)
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Bundelkhand (1)
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Dharwar Craton (1)
-
Ghats
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Eastern Ghats (3)
-
-
Himachal Pradesh India
-
Chamba India (1)
-
-
Maharashtra India (1)
-
Northeastern India
-
Arunachal Pradesh India (2)
-
-
Rajasthan India
-
Udaipur India (1)
-
-
Sikkim India (3)
-
Uttarakhand India
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Garhwal Himalayas (3)
-
Garhwal India (2)
-
-
-
Indian Shield (1)
-
Jammu and Kashmir
-
Ladakh (2)
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Nanga Parbat (3)
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Kohistan (2)
-
Nepal
-
Kathmandu Nepal (1)
-
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Pakistan
-
Punjab Pakistan
-
Salt Range (2)
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-
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Potwar Plateau (1)
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Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (2)
-
Irkutsk Russian Federation (1)
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Karakoram (5)
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Kyrgyzstan
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Issyk-kul Lake (1)
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Main Central Thrust (15)
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Middle East
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Dead Sea Rift (1)
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Iran
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Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (2)
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-
Turkey
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Anatolia (3)
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Kocaeli Turkey
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Izmit Turkey (1)
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Menderes Massif (5)
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Sea of Marmara region (2)
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Turkish Aegean region (1)
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Zagros (5)
-
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Southeast Asia (4)
-
Tibetan Plateau (11)
-
Tien Shan (4)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
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Atlantis Massif (1)
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Rainbow hydrothermal field (1)
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TAG hydrothermal field (1)
-
-
North Atlantic
-
Atlantis Massif (1)
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Caribbean Sea (1)
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Gulf of Guinea (2)
-
Gulf of Mexico
-
Mississippi Fan (1)
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Irish Sea (1)
-
North Sea (2)
-
Northeast Atlantic (1)
-
Rainbow hydrothermal field (1)
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Scotian Shelf (1)
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TAG hydrothermal field (1)
-
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South Atlantic (1)
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-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Shetland Islands (1)
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Lachlan fold belt (1)
-
New South Wales Australia (1)
-
Queensland Australia
-
Cannington Deposit (1)
-
Cloncurry mining district (2)
-
Hodgkinson Province (1)
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Mount Isa Inlier (3)
-
-
Victoria Australia (1)
-
Western Australia
-
Boddington Mine (1)
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Eastern Goldfields (1)
-
Pilbara (1)
-
Pilbara Craton (1)
-
Yilgarn (1)
-
Yilgarn Craton (5)
-
-
-
New Zealand
-
Marlborough fault system (1)
-
Marlborough New Zealand (1)
-
Southland New Zealand
-
Fiordland (1)
-
-
Wairakei (1)
-
-
Papua (1)
-
Papua New Guinea (4)
-
-
Avalon Zone (7)
-
Bay of Islands (1)
-
Bear Island (1)
-
Bering Strait (1)
-
Black Mountains (3)
-
Blue Mountain (1)
-
Broken Hill (1)
-
Caledonides (8)
-
Campos Basin (1)
-
Canada
-
Arctic Archipelago (1)
-
Carswell Structure (1)
-
Eastern Canada
-
Gander Zone (1)
-
Maritime Provinces
-
New Brunswick (4)
-
Nova Scotia
-
Cobequid Highlands (1)
-
Cumberland County Nova Scotia
-
Joggins Fossil Cliffs (1)
-
-
-
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Labrador
-
Nain Massif (2)
-
-
Newfoundland
-
Baie Verte Peninsula (2)
-
Humber Arm Allochthon (1)
-
-
-
Ontario
-
Cochrane District Ontario
-
Timmins Ontario (1)
-
-
Hemlo Deposit (1)
-
Parry Sound District Ontario
-
Parry Sound Ontario (1)
-
-
Rainy River District Ontario (1)
-
Sudbury igneous complex (3)
-
Sudbury Structure (2)
-
-
Quebec
-
Abitibi County Quebec
-
Val d'Or Quebec (1)
-
-
Temiscamingue County Quebec (1)
-
-
-
Elzevir Terrane (1)
-
Nunavut
-
Lupin Mine (1)
-
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta (1)
-
British Columbia
-
Kimberley British Columbia (1)
-
Vancouver Island (1)
-
-
Canadian Cordillera (3)
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
-
Lupin Mine (1)
-
Manitoba
-
Flin Flon Manitoba (1)
-
Thompson nickel belt (1)
-
-
Northwest Territories (2)
-
Reindeer Zone (1)
-
Saskatchewan
-
La Ronge Domain (1)
-
-
Yukon Territory (2)
-
-
-
Cap Blanc (1)
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
-
Antilles
-
Lesser Antilles
-
Trinidad and Tobago
-
Trinidad (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cascade Range (6)
-
Caspian Sea (1)
-
Central America
-
Chortis Block (1)
-
Costa Rica (1)
-
Panama
-
Panama Canal Zone (1)
-
-
-
Central Cordillera (1)
-
Coast Ranges (2)
-
Columbus Basin (1)
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
-
Kyrgyzstan
-
Issyk-kul Lake (1)
-
-
Russian Federation
-
Baikal rift zone (1)
-
Irkutsk Russian Federation (1)
-
-
-
Copperbelt (1)
-
Cordillera de la Costa (2)
-
Cumberland Basin (1)
-
Death Valley (5)
-
Dunnage Melange (2)
-
Dunnage Zone (1)
-
Eagle Lake (1)
-
Eastern fold belt (1)
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
Albanides (1)
-
Central Alps
-
Bernese Alps (1)
-
Lepontine Alps (1)
-
Pennine Alps (1)
-
-
Eastern Alps
-
Austroalpine Zone (3)
-
Otztal Alps (1)
-
-
French Alps (2)
-
South Austrian Alps (1)
-
Swiss Alps
-
Southern Swiss Alps (1)
-
-
Western Alps
-
Ligurian Alps (3)
-
-
-
Baltic region (1)
-
Bergell Massif (1)
-
Carpathians
-
Eastern Carpathians (1)
-
-
Central Europe
-
Austria
-
South Austrian Alps (1)
-
-
Bohemian Massif (2)
-
Czech Republic
-
Bohemia
-
Prague Basin (1)
-
-
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Hungary (1)
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Molasse Basin (1)
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Penninic Zone (1)
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Poland (3)
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Sudeten Mountains (1)
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Switzerland
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Aar Massif (1)
-
Bern Switzerland (1)
-
Bernese Alps (1)
-
Graubunden Switzerland
-
Oberhalbstein (1)
-
-
Swiss Alps
-
Southern Swiss Alps (1)
-
-
Valais Switzerland (2)
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Vaud Switzerland (1)
-
-
-
Fennoscandia (1)
-
Fennoscandian Shield (1)
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Pyrenees
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French Pyrenees (3)
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Querigut Massif (1)
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Spanish Pyrenees (2)
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Rhine Valley (1)
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Simplon region (1)
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Southern Europe
-
Albania
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Albanides (1)
-
-
Bulgaria
-
Bulgarian Rhodope Mountains (1)
-
-
Greece
-
Euboea (1)
-
Greek Aegean Islands
-
Cyclades
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Milos (1)
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Naxos (2)
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Dodecanese (1)
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Greek Thrace
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Rhodope Greece (1)
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Hellenic Arc (2)
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Hellenides (2)
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Iberian Peninsula
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Central Iberian Zone (2)
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Iberian Massif (1)
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Ossa-Morena Zone (1)
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Portugal
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Algarve (1)
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Spain
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Andalusia Spain
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Almeria Spain (1)
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Nevado-Filabride Complex (1)
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Basque Provinces Spain
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Vizcaya Spain (1)
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Betic Cordillera (2)
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Betic Zone (1)
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Galicia Spain
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La Coruna Spain
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Cabo Ortegal (1)
-
-
Ordenes Complex (1)
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-
Spanish Pyrenees (2)
-
-
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Italy
-
Apennines
-
Ligurian Apennines (1)
-
Northern Apennines (1)
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Southern Apennines (2)
-
-
Calabria Italy
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Sila Massif (1)
-
-
Emilia-Romagna Italy
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Bologna Italy (1)
-
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Ivrea-Verbano Zone (1)
-
Liguria Italy
-
Ligurian Alps (3)
-
Ligurian Apennines (1)
-
-
Lombardy Italy (3)
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Piemonte Italy (4)
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Sardinia Italy (3)
-
Sesia-Lanzo Zone (1)
-
Sicily Italy (1)
-
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Macedonia (1)
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Mirdita Zone (1)
-
Rhodope Mountains
-
Bulgarian Rhodope Mountains (1)
-
-
Romania (1)
-
Struma River valley (1)
-
-
Thrace
-
Greek Thrace
-
Rhodope Greece (1)
-
-
-
Variscides (2)
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Aquitaine Basin (1)
-
Ariege France
-
Querigut Massif (1)
-
-
Aude France
-
Salsigne Mine (1)
-
-
Aveyron France (1)
-
Central Massif
-
Montagne Noire (6)
-
-
Cher France (1)
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Corsica (3)
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French Alps (2)
-
French Pyrenees (3)
-
Hautes-Alpes France (1)
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Indre France (1)
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Limousin (1)
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Pyrenees-Orientales France
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Agly Massif (1)
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Rouergue (1)
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Tarn France (1)
-
-
Ireland
-
Donegal Ireland (4)
-
Mayo Ireland (1)
-
-
Netherlands
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Wadden Zee (1)
-
-
Scandinavia
-
Norway
-
Bergen Norway (1)
-
Finnmark Norway (1)
-
Nordland Norway
-
Lofoten Islands (1)
-
-
Northern Norway (1)
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Oslo Norway (1)
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Sogn (1)
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Southern Norway (1)
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Telemark Norway
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Bamble Norway (1)
-
-
Troms Norway (1)
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Vesteralen (1)
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Sweden
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Bergslagen (1)
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Smaland (1)
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Western Gneiss region (2)
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-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
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Cornwall England (1)
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South-West England (1)
-
-
Scotland
-
Great Glen Fault (1)
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Hebrides
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Outer Hebrides (4)
-
-
Highland region Scotland
-
Caithness Scotland (1)
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Sutherland Scotland (2)
-
-
Moine thrust zone (7)
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Moray Firth (1)
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Scottish Highlands
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Grampian Highlands (3)
-
-
Shetland Islands (1)
-
-
Wales
-
Anglesey Wales (1)
-
Caernarvonshire Wales
-
Lleyn Peninsula (1)
-
-
Gwynedd Wales
-
Lleyn Peninsula (1)
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-
-
-
-
Wadden Sea
-
Wadden Zee (1)
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-
-
-
Georgian Bay (2)
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Grand Canyon (1)
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Green River basin (1)
-
Harris (1)
-
Hikurangi Margin (1)
-
Indian Ocean
-
Arabian Sea
-
Gulf of Aden (1)
-
-
Atlantis II fracture zone (1)
-
Red Sea (1)
-
-
Indian Ocean Islands
-
Seychelles (1)
-
-
International Ocean Discovery Program (1)
-
Krishna-Godavari Basin (1)
-
Lake District (1)
-
Lake Mead (1)
-
Madison Range (1)
-
Mediterranean region
-
Aegean Islands
-
Greek Aegean Islands
-
Cyclades
-
Milos (1)
-
Naxos (2)
-
-
Dodecanese (1)
-
-
-
Calabrian Arc (1)
-
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
East Mediterranean
-
Aegean Sea (8)
-
-
Mediterranean Ridge (1)
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West Mediterranean
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Alboran Sea (1)
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Ligurian Sea (1)
-
-
-
Mexico
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Baja California Mexico (1)
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Guerrero Mexico (2)
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Guerrero Terrane (1)
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Mexico state
-
Federal District Mexico
-
Mexico City Mexico (2)
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-
-
Michoacan Mexico (1)
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Puebla Mexico (2)
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Sierra Madre del Sur (1)
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Trans-Mexican volcanic belt (1)
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-
Monte Rosa (1)
-
North America
-
Appalachians
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Appalachian Plateau (1)
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Blue Ridge Province (1)
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Carolina slate belt (2)
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Northern Appalachians (5)
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Piedmont
-
Inner Piedmont (1)
-
-
Southern Appalachians (4)
-
-
Basin and Range Province
-
Great Basin (2)
-
-
Canadian Shield
-
Churchill Province
-
Rae Province (2)
-
-
Grenville Province
-
Central Gneiss Belt (4)
-
Central Metasedimentary Belt (5)
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-
Nain Province (1)
-
Slave Province (1)
-
Southern Province (1)
-
Superior Province
-
Abitibi Belt (7)
-
Kapuskasing Zone (1)
-
Pontiac Subprovince (1)
-
Quetico Belt (1)
-
Wabigoon Belt (1)
-
Wawa Belt (2)
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-
Taltson magmatic zone (1)
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-
Coast plutonic complex (1)
-
Denali Fault (1)
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Great Lakes region (3)
-
Grenville Front (2)
-
Gulf Coastal Plain (2)
-
Intermontane Belt (1)
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Kootenay Arc (1)
-
North American Cordillera
-
Canadian Cordillera (3)
-
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Omineca Belt (1)
-
Peninsular Ranges Batholith (1)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Wasatch Range (1)
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Wet Mountains (1)
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Wind River Range (2)
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-
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Rocky Mountains foreland (3)
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Yukon River (1)
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Yukon-Tanana Terrane (1)
-
Yukon-Tanana Upland (1)
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-
North Island (2)
-
Oceania
-
Melanesia
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New Caledonia (1)
-
-
-
Oslo Rift (1)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Gulf of Panama (1)
-
Middle America Trench (1)
-
-
Southeast Pacific
-
Nazca Ridge (1)
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-
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Gulf of Panama (1)
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Middle America Trench (1)
-
-
Northwest Pacific (1)
-
-
South Pacific
-
Southeast Pacific
-
Nazca Ridge (1)
-
-
Southwest Pacific (1)
-
-
West Pacific
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Northwest Pacific (1)
-
Southwest Pacific (1)
-
-
-
Pacific region (1)
-
Peninsular Ranges (1)
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Rainy Lake (2)
-
Raleigh Belt (1)
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Red River Fault (3)
-
Red Sea region (1)
-
Salmon River (1)
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San Andreas Fault (1)
-
Santa Maria Basin (1)
-
Shackleton Glacier (1)
-
Sierra Nevada (8)
-
Snake Range (2)
-
South America
-
Amazon Basin (2)
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Amazonian Craton (1)
-
Andes
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Central Andes (3)
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Western Cordillera (2)
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Argentina
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Brazil
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Para Brazil
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Carajas mineral province (4)
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Pelotas Basin (1)
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Chile
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Antofagasta Chile
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Socompa (1)
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Atacama Chile (3)
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Colombia (1)
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Peru (2)
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South Island (5)
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Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone (1)
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United States
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Alabama (3)
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Arizona
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California
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Central California (4)
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Fresno County California
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Inyo County California
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Los Angeles County California
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Los Angeles California
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Madera County California (1)
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Mariposa County California (2)
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Mendocino County California (2)
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Tuolumne County California (2)
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Colorado
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Ouray County Colorado (1)
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Connecticut
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New London County Connecticut
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Honey Hill Fault (1)
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Delaware Basin (1)
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Eastern California shear zone (1)
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Eastern U.S.
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Georgia (3)
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Idaho
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Minnesota
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Mojave Desert (5)
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Montana
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Moxa Arch (1)
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Nevada
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Humboldt County Nevada
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New England (1)
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New Hampshire
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New Madrid region (1)
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New Mexico
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Picuris Range (2)
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Rio Arriba County New Mexico (1)
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New York (3)
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Oregon
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Pennsylvania
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Pine Mountain Window (1)
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Rhode Island
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Sevier orogenic belt (4)
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South Carolina
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Charleston County South Carolina
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Lancaster County South Carolina (1)
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Tennessee
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Tennessee River (1)
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Texas
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Andrews County Texas (1)
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Utah
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Box Elder County Utah (3)
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Vermont
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Virginia
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Washington
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Wyoming
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Wyoming Province (1)
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commodities
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polymetallic ores (3)
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silver ores (16)
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mineral deposits, genesis (55)
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mineral exploration (18)
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petroleum
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natural gas
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shale gas (2)
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shale oil (1)
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-
-
elements, isotopes
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (5)
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halogens
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hydrogen
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D/H (8)
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deuterium (1)
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isotope ratios (24)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (5)
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D/H (8)
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deuterium (1)
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
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O-18/O-16 (11)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-207/Pb-206 (2)
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S-34/S-32 (4)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (6)
-
-
-
metals
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actinides
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alkaline earth metals
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (6)
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-
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aluminum (1)
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arsenic (1)
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cobalt (1)
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copper (1)
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gold (2)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (2)
-
-
nickel (1)
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niobium (1)
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platinum group
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iridium (1)
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platinum ores (4)
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rhodium (1)
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ruthenium (1)
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precious metals (1)
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rare earths
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neodymium
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
-
-
yttrium (2)
-
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tantalum (1)
-
-
noble gases
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argon
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
-
radon (1)
-
-
oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (11)
-
-
sulfur
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S-34/S-32 (4)
-
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trace metals (1)
-
-
fossils
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Invertebrata
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Protista
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Foraminifera (1)
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-
microfossils (1)
-
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geochronology methods
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(U-Th)/He (7)
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Ar/Ar (68)
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fission-track dating (9)
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K/Ar (9)
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optical mineralogy (1)
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paleomagnetism (4)
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Pb/Pb (6)
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Pb/Th (3)
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Rb/Sr (8)
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Re/Os (2)
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Sm/Nd (4)
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thermochronology (18)
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tree rings (1)
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U/Pb (92)
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U/Th/Pb (8)
-
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Agbada Formation (1)
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lower Cenozoic (1)
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Quaternary
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Pleistocene
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upper Pleistocene (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
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middle Tertiary (2)
-
Neogene
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Miocene
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lower Miocene
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Aquitanian (1)
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Burdigalian (1)
-
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middle Miocene (4)
-
upper Miocene
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Messinian (2)
-
-
-
Pliocene
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Cimmerian (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
lower Eocene
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Ypresian (1)
-
-
middle Eocene
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Lutetian (1)
-
-
Swauk Formation (1)
-
upper Eocene
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Priabonian (1)
-
-
-
Oligocene
-
middle Oligocene (1)
-
Vicksburg Group (1)
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene (1)
-
-
Wilcox Group (1)
-
-
Twin Sisters Dunite (1)
-
-
upper Cenozoic (2)
-
-
Dalradian (5)
-
Laurentide ice sheet (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Carrara Marble (1)
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
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Albian (2)
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Aptian (4)
-
-
Middle Cretaceous (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Campanian (2)
-
Frontier Formation (1)
-
Gulfian
-
Eagle Ford Formation (1)
-
-
Maestrichtian (3)
-
Senonian (2)
-
Tuolumne Intrusive Suite (1)
-
-
-
Franciscan Complex (2)
-
Jurassic
-
Kingak Shale (1)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Pliensbachian (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Bajocian
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Brent Group (1)
-
-
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Haynesville Formation (1)
-
-
-
lower Mesozoic (2)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Bunter (1)
-
-
Middle Triassic
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Anisian (1)
-
Muschelkalk (1)
-
-
Upper Triassic
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Chinle Formation (1)
-
Keuper (1)
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Norian (1)
-
-
-
Yanshanian (1)
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Conasauga Group (2)
-
Lardeau Group (1)
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Chilhowee Group (1)
-
Rome Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Goldenville Formation (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (1)
-
-
Mississippian
-
Barnett Shale (2)
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Kayak Shale (1)
-
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Parkwood Formation (1)
-
-
-
Namurian (1)
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Joggins Formation (1)
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Allegheny Group (1)
-
Breathitt Formation (1)
-
-
Pottsville Group (1)
-
Upper Pennsylvanian (1)
-
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Westphalian (2)
-
-
Wahoo Limestone (1)
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian
-
Littleton Formation (1)
-
-
Middle Devonian (2)
-
Upper Devonian (4)
-
-
Lisburne Group (1)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Bay of Islands Ophiolite (1)
-
-
Ordovician
-
Eureka Quartzite (1)
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Arenigian (1)
-
Tremadocian
-
Halifax Formation (1)
-
-
-
Meguma Group (1)
-
Pogonip Group (1)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Caradocian
-
Borrowdale Volcanic Group (1)
-
-
-
-
Permian
-
Echooka Formation (1)
-
Lower Permian
-
Cisuralian (1)
-
-
Rotliegendes (1)
-
Rustler Formation (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Salado Formation (1)
-
Zechstein (1)
-
-
-
Rangeley Formation (1)
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Wenlock (1)
-
-
Perry Mountain Formation (1)
-
Upper Silurian (2)
-
-
Silvretta Group (1)
-
Tensleep Sandstone (1)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Dwyka Formation (1)
-
-
Woodford Shale (1)
-
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Aravalli System (1)
-
Blake River Group (1)
-
Bulawayan Group (1)
-
Mesoarchean (1)
-
Neoarchean (9)
-
Paleoarchean (1)
-
Timiskaming Group (1)
-
-
Delhi Supergroup (1)
-
Hecla Hoek Formation (1)
-
Kingston Peak Formation (1)
-
Lewisian Complex (4)
-
Pahrump Series (1)
-
Purcell System (1)
-
Sakoli Group (1)
-
Stillwater Complex (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Athabasca Formation (1)
-
Banded Gneissic Complex (1)
-
Huronian (1)
-
Lewisian (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Aldridge Formation (1)
-
Laxfordian (1)
-
Soldiers Cap Group (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Moine Supergroup (2)
-
Tonian (3)
-
Torridonian (1)
-
-
Ortega Group (2)
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Birimian (3)
-
-
Sinian (1)
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
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extrusive rocks (2)
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igneous rocks
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carbonatites (3)
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picrite (1)
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plutonic rocks
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anorthosite (4)
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diabase (5)
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diorites
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quartz diorites (1)
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tonalite (9)
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trondhjemite (3)
-
-
gabbros (10)
-
granites
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aplite (2)
-
A-type granites (2)
-
charnockite (2)
-
leucogranite (11)
-
monzogranite (4)
-
S-type granites (2)
-
-
granodiorites (9)
-
lamprophyres (2)
-
monzodiorite (2)
-
monzonites
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mangerite (1)
-
-
pegmatite (14)
-
quartz monzonite (2)
-
syenites
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albitite (1)
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alkali syenites (1)
-
nepheline syenite (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (1)
-
peridotites
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dunite (3)
-
harzburgite (3)
-
lherzolite (2)
-
spinel lherzolite (2)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
orthopyroxenite (1)
-
-
-
-
porphyry (3)
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (1)
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dacites (1)
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glasses (1)
-
pyroclastics
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ash-flow tuff (1)
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ignimbrite (3)
-
pumice (1)
-
tuff (6)
-
-
rhyolites (5)
-
-
-
ophiolite (10)
-
volcanic ash (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
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amphibolites (9)
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cataclasites (9)
-
eclogite (6)
-
gneisses
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augen gneiss (4)
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banded gneiss (1)
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biotite gneiss (1)
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granite gneiss (3)
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orthogneiss (13)
-
paragneiss (3)
-
-
granulites (8)
-
marbles
-
brucite marble (1)
-
-
metacarbonate rocks (2)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasalt (2)
-
metabasite (3)
-
metadiabase (1)
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metadiorite (2)
-
metagabbro (2)
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metagranite (12)
-
serpentinite (3)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (5)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
metagraywacke (2)
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metapelite (8)
-
metasandstone (2)
-
paragneiss (3)
-
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metasomatic rocks
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rodingite (1)
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serpentinite (3)
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skarn (2)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (9)
-
migmatites (24)
-
mylonites
-
blastomylonite (1)
-
pseudotachylite (6)
-
ultramylonite (6)
-
-
quartzites (6)
-
schists
-
blueschist (4)
-
greenschist (3)
-
greenstone (3)
-
-
slates (2)
-
-
ophiolite (10)
-
turbidite (3)
-
-
minerals
-
alloys
-
electrum (1)
-
-
arsenides
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arsenopyrite (1)
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cobaltite (1)
-
-
carbonates
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calcite (7)
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dolomite (1)
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siderite (2)
-
-
halides
-
chlorides
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halite (2)
-
-
fluorides
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fluorite (1)
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topaz (1)
-
-
-
hydrates (1)
-
native elements
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graphite (1)
-
-
oxides
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brucite (1)
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chrysoberyl (1)
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ilmenite (1)
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iron oxides (1)
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magnetite (3)
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niobates
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columbite (1)
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pyrochlore (1)
-
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periclase (1)
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rutile (1)
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spinel (1)
-
tantalates
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tantalite (1)
-
-
-
phosphates
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apatite (9)
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monazite (14)
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xenotime (1)
-
-
silicates
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asbestos (1)
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borosilicates (1)
-
chain silicates
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amphibole group
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clinoamphibole
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grunerite (1)
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hastingsite (1)
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hornblende (13)
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pargasite (1)
-
-
-
bavenite (1)
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prehnite (1)
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
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diopside (1)
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hedenbergite (1)
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jadeite (1)
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spodumene (1)
-
-
orthopyroxene
-
enstatite (1)
-
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
K-feldspar (6)
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orthoclase (1)
-
perthite (1)
-
-
plagioclase
-
albite (4)
-
anorthite (1)
-
-
-
silica minerals
-
coesite (1)
-
quartz (25)
-
-
sodalite group
-
helvite (1)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
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andalusite (1)
-
dumortierite (2)
-
euclase (1)
-
garnet group
-
almandine (1)
-
grossular (1)
-
-
kyanite (5)
-
olivine group
-
forsterite (1)
-
olivine (4)
-
-
sillimanite (2)
-
staurolite (2)
-
titanite group
-
titanite (8)
-
-
topaz (1)
-
zircon group
-
zircon (77)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
bertrandite (2)
-
lawsonite (2)
-
pumpellyite group
-
pumpellyite (1)
-
-
vesuvianite (1)
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
beryl (2)
-
cordierite (1)
-
milarite group
-
milarite (1)
-
-
tourmaline group
-
elbaite (1)
-
schorl (1)
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (2)
-
-
clay minerals
-
kaolinite (1)
-
smectite (3)
-
-
illite (4)
-
mica group
-
biotite (17)
-
celadonite (1)
-
lepidolite (1)
-
muscovite (25)
-
phengite (5)
-
phlogopite (1)
-
-
palygorskite (2)
-
sepiolite (1)
-
sericite (1)
-
serpentine group
-
antigorite (2)
-
chrysotile (1)
-
lizardite (1)
-
-
talc (2)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
anhydrite (1)
-
barite (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
arsenopyrite (1)
-
bismuthinite (1)
-
bornite (1)
-
chalcocite (1)
-
chalcopyrite (2)
-
cobaltite (1)
-
helvite (1)
-
molybdenite (1)
-
nickel sulfides (1)
-
pyrite (2)
-
pyrrhotite (3)
-
-
tungstates
-
scheelite (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (137)
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Angola (1)
-
Congo Democratic Republic (1)
-
-
East Africa
-
Afar Depression (1)
-
Mozambique (1)
-
Tanzania (1)
-
Zambia (1)
-
-
East African Rift (1)
-
Limpopo Belt (4)
-
North Africa
-
Algeria
-
Kabylia (1)
-
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Libya
-
Sirte Basin (1)
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
Rif
-
Beni Bouchera (2)
-
-
-
Tunisia (1)
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Botswana (1)
-
Gariep Belt (1)
-
Kaapvaal Craton (5)
-
Namaqualand metamorphic complex (1)
-
Namibia
-
Damara Belt (1)
-
Kaoko Belt (1)
-
-
Orange River (1)
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (1)
-
Cape fold belt (2)
-
Cape Province region (1)
-
KwaZulu-Natal South Africa
-
Durban South Africa (1)
-
-
Mpumalanga South Africa (1)
-
Sutherland South Africa (1)
-
Western Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
-
Swaziland (1)
-
Zimbabwe (2)
-
-
West Africa
-
Burkina Faso (1)
-
Cameroon (1)
-
Ghana (1)
-
Ivory Coast (1)
-
Mali (2)
-
Nigeria
-
Niger Delta (3)
-
-
Senegal (1)
-
-
West African Craton (1)
-
Zimbabwe Craton (3)
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic Peninsula (1)
-
East Antarctica (3)
-
Marie Byrd Land
-
Fosdick Mountains (1)
-
-
Queen Maud Land
-
Schirmacher Hills (1)
-
-
Transantarctic Mountains
-
Queen Maud Range (1)
-
-
Victoria Land (2)
-
West Antarctica (1)
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Barents Sea (1)
-
Norwegian Sea
-
Knipovich Ridge (1)
-
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
East Greenland (2)
-
Jameson Land (1)
-
West Greenland (2)
-
-
Jan Mayen (1)
-
Svalbard
-
Spitsbergen (2)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Altai Mountains
-
Mongolian Altai (1)
-
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Oman
-
Oman Mountains (2)
-
-
-
Baikal rift zone (1)
-
Central Asia
-
Pamirs (1)
-
-
Far East
-
China
-
Altun Mountains (1)
-
Anhui China (1)
-
Dabie Mountains (1)
-
Gansu China (1)
-
Guangdong China (1)
-
Hebei China
-
Yanshan Range (1)
-
-
Liaoning China
-
Liaodong Peninsula (1)
-
-
North China Platform (6)
-
Qaidam Basin (1)
-
Qiangtang Basin (1)
-
Qinghai China (1)
-
Qinling Mountains (4)
-
Shaanxi China (1)
-
Shanxi China (1)
-
South China Block (4)
-
Sulu Terrane (2)
-
Taihang Mountains (1)
-
Xinjiang China (2)
-
Xizang China
-
Lhasa Block (1)
-
-
Yangtze Platform (1)
-
Yunnan China
-
Ailao Shan (2)
-
-
Zhejiang China (1)
-
-
Indonesia (1)
-
Japan
-
Honshu
-
Chiba Peninsula (1)
-
-
Ryukyu Islands (1)
-
-
Korea
-
South Korea (1)
-
-
Mongolia
-
Mongolian Altai (1)
-
-
Thailand
-
Chiang Mai Thailand (1)
-
-
Vietnam (2)
-
-
Himalayas
-
Garhwal Himalayas (3)
-
High Himalayan Crystallines (5)
-
Kumaun Himalayas (1)
-
Lesser Himalayas (4)
-
Mount Everest (1)
-
Nanga Parbat (3)
-
Zanskar Range (3)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
Bhutan (3)
-
India
-
Andhra Pradesh India
-
Khammam India (1)
-
Prakasam India (1)
-
Visakhapatnam India (1)
-
-
Bhagirathi River (1)
-
Bundelkhand (1)
-
Dharwar Craton (1)
-
Ghats
-
Eastern Ghats (3)
-
-
Himachal Pradesh India
-
Chamba India (1)
-
-
Maharashtra India (1)
-
Northeastern India
-
Arunachal Pradesh India (2)
-
-
Rajasthan India
-
Udaipur India (1)
-
-
Sikkim India (3)
-
Uttarakhand India
-
Garhwal Himalayas (3)
-
Garhwal India (2)
-
-
-
Indian Shield (1)
-
Jammu and Kashmir
-
Ladakh (2)
-
Nanga Parbat (3)
-
-
Kohistan (2)
-
Nepal
-
Kathmandu Nepal (1)
-
-
Pakistan
-
Punjab Pakistan
-
Salt Range (2)
-
-
-
Potwar Plateau (1)
-
-
Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (2)
-
Irkutsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Karakoram (5)
-
Kyrgyzstan
-
Issyk-kul Lake (1)
-
-
Main Central Thrust (15)
-
Middle East
-
Dead Sea Rift (1)
-
Iran
-
Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (2)
-
-
Turkey
-
Anatolia (3)
-
Kocaeli Turkey
-
Izmit Turkey (1)
-
-
Menderes Massif (5)
-
Sea of Marmara region (2)
-
Turkish Aegean region (1)
-
-
Zagros (5)
-
-
Southeast Asia (4)
-
Tibetan Plateau (11)
-
Tien Shan (4)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
-
Atlantis Massif (1)
-
Rainbow hydrothermal field (1)
-
TAG hydrothermal field (1)
-
-
North Atlantic
-
Atlantis Massif (1)
-
Caribbean Sea (1)
-
Gulf of Guinea (2)
-
Gulf of Mexico
-
Mississippi Fan (1)
-
-
Irish Sea (1)
-
North Sea (2)
-
Northeast Atlantic (1)
-
Rainbow hydrothermal field (1)
-
Scotian Shelf (1)
-
TAG hydrothermal field (1)
-
-
South Atlantic (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Shetland Islands (1)
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Lachlan fold belt (1)
-
New South Wales Australia (1)
-
Queensland Australia
-
Cannington Deposit (1)
-
Cloncurry mining district (2)
-
Hodgkinson Province (1)
-
Mount Isa Inlier (3)
-
-
Victoria Australia (1)
-
Western Australia
-
Boddington Mine (1)
-
Eastern Goldfields (1)
-
Pilbara (1)
-
Pilbara Craton (1)
-
Yilgarn (1)
-
Yilgarn Craton (5)
-
-
-
New Zealand
-
Marlborough fault system (1)
-
Marlborough New Zealand (1)
-
Southland New Zealand
-
Fiordland (1)
-
-
Wairakei (1)
-
-
Papua (1)
-
Papua New Guinea (4)
-
-
bibliography (1)
-
bitumens (1)
-
brines (2)
-
Canada
-
Arctic Archipelago (1)
-
Carswell Structure (1)
-
Eastern Canada
-
Gander Zone (1)
-
Maritime Provinces
-
New Brunswick (4)
-
Nova Scotia
-
Cobequid Highlands (1)
-
Cumberland County Nova Scotia
-
Joggins Fossil Cliffs (1)
-
-
-
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Labrador
-
Nain Massif (2)
-
-
Newfoundland
-
Baie Verte Peninsula (2)
-
Humber Arm Allochthon (1)
-
-
-
Ontario
-
Cochrane District Ontario
-
Timmins Ontario (1)
-
-
Hemlo Deposit (1)
-
Parry Sound District Ontario
-
Parry Sound Ontario (1)
-
-
Rainy River District Ontario (1)
-
Sudbury igneous complex (3)
-
Sudbury Structure (2)
-
-
Quebec
-
Abitibi County Quebec
-
Val d'Or Quebec (1)
-
-
Temiscamingue County Quebec (1)
-
-
-
Elzevir Terrane (1)
-
Nunavut
-
Lupin Mine (1)
-
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta (1)
-
British Columbia
-
Kimberley British Columbia (1)
-
Vancouver Island (1)
-
-
Canadian Cordillera (3)
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
-
Lupin Mine (1)
-
Manitoba
-
Flin Flon Manitoba (1)
-
Thompson nickel belt (1)
-
-
Northwest Territories (2)
-
Reindeer Zone (1)
-
Saskatchewan
-
La Ronge Domain (1)
-
-
Yukon Territory (2)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (5)
-
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
-
Antilles
-
Lesser Antilles
-
Trinidad and Tobago
-
Trinidad (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Caspian Sea (1)
-
Cenozoic
-
Agbada Formation (1)
-
lower Cenozoic (1)
-
Quaternary
-
Pleistocene
-
upper Pleistocene (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
middle Tertiary (2)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
lower Miocene
-
Aquitanian (1)
-
Burdigalian (1)
-
-
middle Miocene (4)
-
upper Miocene
-
Messinian (2)
-
-
-
Pliocene
-
Cimmerian (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
lower Eocene
-
Ypresian (1)
-
-
middle Eocene
-
Lutetian (1)
-
-
Swauk Formation (1)
-
upper Eocene
-
Priabonian (1)
-
-
-
Oligocene
-
middle Oligocene (1)
-
Vicksburg Group (1)
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene (1)
-
-
Wilcox Group (1)
-
-
Twin Sisters Dunite (1)
-
-
upper Cenozoic (2)
-
-
Central America
-
Chortis Block (1)
-
Costa Rica (1)
-
Panama
-
Panama Canal Zone (1)
-
-
-
clay mineralogy (1)
-
construction materials (5)
-
continental drift (1)
-
continental shelf (3)
-
crust (105)
-
crystal chemistry (5)
-
crystal growth (7)
-
crystal structure (5)
-
crystallography (3)
-
dams (1)
-
data processing (11)
-
deformation (598)
-
diagenesis (12)
-
earthquakes (27)
-
economic geology (11)
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
Albanides (1)
-
Central Alps
-
Bernese Alps (1)
-
Lepontine Alps (1)
-
Pennine Alps (1)
-
-
Eastern Alps
-
Austroalpine Zone (3)
-
Otztal Alps (1)
-
-
French Alps (2)
-
South Austrian Alps (1)
-
Swiss Alps
-
Southern Swiss Alps (1)
-
-
Western Alps
-
Ligurian Alps (3)
-
-
-
Baltic region (1)
-
Bergell Massif (1)
-
Carpathians
-
Eastern Carpathians (1)
-
-
Central Europe
-
Austria
-
South Austrian Alps (1)
-
-
Bohemian Massif (2)
-
Czech Republic
-
Bohemia
-
Prague Basin (1)
-
-
-
Hungary (1)
-
Molasse Basin (1)
-
Penninic Zone (1)
-
Poland (3)
-
Sudeten Mountains (1)
-
Switzerland
-
Aar Massif (1)
-
Bern Switzerland (1)
-
Bernese Alps (1)
-
Graubunden Switzerland
-
Oberhalbstein (1)
-
-
Swiss Alps
-
Southern Swiss Alps (1)
-
-
Valais Switzerland (2)
-
Vaud Switzerland (1)
-
-
-
Fennoscandia (1)
-
Fennoscandian Shield (1)
-
Pyrenees
-
French Pyrenees (3)
-
Querigut Massif (1)
-
Spanish Pyrenees (2)
-
-
Rhine Valley (1)
-
Simplon region (1)
-
Southern Europe
-
Albania
-
Albanides (1)
-
-
Bulgaria
-
Bulgarian Rhodope Mountains (1)
-
-
Greece
-
Euboea (1)
-
Greek Aegean Islands
-
Cyclades
-
Milos (1)
-
Naxos (2)
-
-
Dodecanese (1)
-
-
Greek Thrace
-
Rhodope Greece (1)
-
-
Hellenic Arc (2)
-
Hellenides (2)
-
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Central Iberian Zone (2)
-
Iberian Massif (1)
-
Ossa-Morena Zone (1)
-
Portugal
-
Algarve (1)
-
-
Spain
-
Andalusia Spain
-
Almeria Spain (1)
-
Nevado-Filabride Complex (1)
-
Seville Spain (1)
-
-
Basque Provinces Spain
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Vizcaya Spain (1)
-
-
Betic Cordillera (2)
-
Betic Zone (1)
-
Galicia Spain
-
La Coruna Spain
-
Cabo Ortegal (1)
-
-
Ordenes Complex (1)
-
-
Spanish Pyrenees (2)
-
-
-
Italy
-
Apennines
-
Ligurian Apennines (1)
-
Northern Apennines (1)
-
Southern Apennines (2)
-
-
Calabria Italy
-
Sila Massif (1)
-
-
Emilia-Romagna Italy
-
Bologna Italy (1)
-
-
Ivrea-Verbano Zone (1)
-
Liguria Italy
-
Ligurian Alps (3)
-
Ligurian Apennines (1)
-
-
Lombardy Italy (3)
-
Piemonte Italy (4)
-
Sardinia Italy (3)
-
Sesia-Lanzo Zone (1)
-
Sicily Italy (1)
-
-
Macedonia (1)
-
Mirdita Zone (1)
-
Rhodope Mountains
-
Bulgarian Rhodope Mountains (1)
-
-
Romania (1)
-
Struma River valley (1)
-
-
Thrace
-
Greek Thrace
-
Rhodope Greece (1)
-
-
-
Variscides (2)
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Aquitaine Basin (1)
-
Ariege France
-
Querigut Massif (1)
-
-
Aude France
-
Salsigne Mine (1)
-
-
Aveyron France (1)
-
Central Massif
-
Montagne Noire (6)
-
-
Cher France (1)
-
Corsica (3)
-
French Alps (2)
-
French Pyrenees (3)
-
Hautes-Alpes France (1)
-
Indre France (1)
-
Limousin (1)
-
Pyrenees-Orientales France
-
Agly Massif (1)
-
-
Rouergue (1)
-
Tarn France (1)
-
-
Ireland
-
Donegal Ireland (4)
-
Mayo Ireland (1)
-
-
Netherlands
-
Wadden Zee (1)
-
-
Scandinavia
-
Norway
-
Bergen Norway (1)
-
Finnmark Norway (1)
-
Nordland Norway
-
Lofoten Islands (1)
-
-
Northern Norway (1)
-
Oslo Norway (1)
-
Sogn (1)
-
Southern Norway (1)
-
Telemark Norway
-
Bamble Norway (1)
-
-
Troms Norway (1)
-
Vesteralen (1)
-
-
Sweden
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Bergslagen (1)
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Smaland (1)
-
-
Western Gneiss region (2)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
Cornwall England (1)
-
South-West England (1)
-
-
Scotland
-
Great Glen Fault (1)
-
Hebrides
-
Outer Hebrides (4)
-
-
Highland region Scotland
-
Caithness Scotland (1)
-
Sutherland Scotland (2)
-
-
Moine thrust zone (7)
-
Moray Firth (1)
-
Scottish Highlands
-
Grampian Highlands (3)
-
-
Shetland Islands (1)
-
-
Wales
-
Anglesey Wales (1)
-
Caernarvonshire Wales
-
Lleyn Peninsula (1)
-
-
Gwynedd Wales
-
Lleyn Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Wadden Sea
-
Wadden Zee (1)
-
-
-
-
evaporite deposits (1)
-
faults (389)
-
folds (143)
-
foliation (112)
-
foundations (3)
-
fractures (33)
-
geochemistry (29)
-
geochronology (23)
-
geodesy (1)
-
geomorphology (3)
-
geophysical methods (36)
-
geosynclines (1)
-
geothermal energy (1)
-
glacial geology (2)
-
ground water (4)
-
heat flow (14)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (8)
-
deuterium (1)
-
-
hydrology (1)
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (3)
-
picrite (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (4)
-
diabase (5)
-
diorites
-
quartz diorites (1)
-
tonalite (9)
-
trondhjemite (3)
-
-
gabbros (10)
-
granites
-
aplite (2)
-
A-type granites (2)
-
charnockite (2)
-
leucogranite (11)
-
monzogranite (4)
-
S-type granites (2)
-
-
granodiorites (9)
-
lamprophyres (2)
-
monzodiorite (2)
-
monzonites
-
mangerite (1)
-
-
pegmatite (14)
-
quartz monzonite (2)
-
syenites
-
albitite (1)
-
alkali syenites (1)
-
nepheline syenite (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (1)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (3)
-
harzburgite (3)
-
lherzolite (2)
-
spinel lherzolite (2)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
orthopyroxenite (1)
-
-
-
-
porphyry (3)
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (1)
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dacites (1)
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glasses (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (1)
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ignimbrite (3)
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pumice (1)
-
tuff (6)
-
-
rhyolites (5)
-
-
-
inclusions
-
fluid inclusions (17)
-
-
Indian Ocean
-
Arabian Sea
-
Gulf of Aden (1)
-
-
Atlantis II fracture zone (1)
-
Red Sea (1)
-
-
Indian Ocean Islands
-
Seychelles (1)
-
-
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
-
Expeditions 304/305
-
IODP Site U1309 (2)
-
-
-
intrusions (129)
-
Invertebrata
-
Protista
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Foraminifera (1)
-
-
-
isostasy (2)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (5)
-
D/H (8)
-
deuterium (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
-
O-18/O-16 (11)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (2)
-
S-34/S-32 (4)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (6)
-
-
-
lineation (47)
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magmas (35)
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mantle (22)
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GeoRef Categories
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ductile deformation
Dating Subhorizontal Ductile Fabric in the Feidong Complex via Zircon and Titanite U–Pb Geochronology: Insights into Middle Triassic Transpressional Deformation along the Southern Tan-Lu Fault Zone Open Access
Kyanite-muscovite-dumortierite vein mineralization mechanisms from advanced microstructural analysis using EBSD Available to Purchase
Genesis of high-grade lode gold shoot dominated by ore fluid overprinting during a ductile-brittle shear event Available to Purchase
The Benkar Fault Zone: An Orogen-Scale Cross Fault in the Eastern Nepal Himalaya Open Access
A review of criteria, methods, and standards for mapping crystalline terrains: integrating field geology and analytical data Available to Purchase
Conjugate extrusion with dextral oblique-slip faulting in SE Tibet: new insights into Oligo-Miocene deformation Available to Purchase
Majority of Ruptures in Large Continental Strike‐Slip Earthquakes Are Unilateral: Permissive Evidence for Hybrid Brittle‐to‐Dynamic Ruptures Available to Purchase
A Regional Shallow Décollement at the Front of the Mexican Fold and Thrust Belt: Microstructure of the Santiago Shale Open Access
The power of modern 3-D visualization of high-resolution terrain models in geologic mapping: Complex fold geometries revealed by 3-D mapping in the Panamint metamorphic complex, eastern California, USA Open Access
Field geology, petrology and geochronology of pluton–dyke systems: emplacement conditions of the Trapecio and Ushuaia peninsula dyke swarms (Fuegian Andes) and their relations with tectonics Available to Purchase
U−Pb geochronology and microstructural analysis of apatite within a Proterozoic crustal-scale shear zone, Outer Hebrides, NW Scotland Open Access
The Cala Viola-Torre del Porticciolo coastal area: a key tectono-stratigraphic site to unravel the polyphase tectonics in NW Sardinia Open Access
A novel approach of using existing implementations of constitutive material models in any numerical codes interfacing with MFront Available to Purchase
Polyphase Exhumation of the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt: Evidence from Modern River Detrital Zircon and Apatite Fission Track Dating Open Access
The 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, Earthquake: Intensities and Ground Motions Available to Purchase
The role of H 2 O in the deformation and microstructural evolution of the upper mantle Open Access
In this chapter, we evaluate how the incorporation of H 2 O as a thermodynamic component influences phase relations in a peridotite composition. This component – present either in the form of hydrous minerals, aqueous fluids and hydrous melts, or as a structurally-bonded trace element at defect sites of nominally anhydrous minerals (NAMs) – may influence upper-mantle rheology in diverse ways. By presenting various natural cases, we identify key incorporation mechanisms and assess their role in the microstructural evolution of ultramafic rocks at different depths in the Earth’s interior. These data suggest that the influence of either aqueous fluids or hydrous melts on rheology out-matches that of NAMs or stable hydrous phases across much of the lithospheric mantle. Consequently, future research is expected to shift towards a better understanding of the transient conditions in the lithosphere that control the availability and transport of aqueous fluids and hydrous melts. These transient conditions are likely to play a more dominant role than the sole ability of hydrous defects in NAMs – a role that is currently less well-constrained experimentally – in controlling the ductile deformation of the upper mantle.
Kinetic controls on the thermometry of mantle rocks: A case study from the Xigaze Ophiolites, Tibet Open Access
Temperature-dependent equilibrium partitioning of elements between different mineral (or melt/glass) phases forms the basis of geothermometry. In natural rock systems it is necessary to determine whether equilibrium partitioning of a given element was obtained between two phases before calculating temperatures using the tool. With the improvement of spatial resolution of analytical tools and our understanding of solidstate kinetics it has become clear that compositional heterogeneities on different scales exist in mantle rocks because of incomplete equilibration, and a kinetic evaluation is necessary before application of geothermometers. This work summarizes the kinetic situations that may arise and provides some guidelines and criteria for testing whether partitioning equilibrium was obtained. A suite of dunites and harzburgites from an ophiolite suite in the Himalaya (Xigaze, Tibet) is used to illustrate the application of some of these concepts. It is shown that when compositions used for geothermometry are chosen bearing these kinetic considerations in mind, a systematic pattern of freezing temperatures is obtained from the geothermometers. These data provide insights into the cooling histories of these rocks with complex, multistage (e.g. melt percolation) histories. Some potential pitfalls for geospeedometry are also illustrated along the way.