... for this decoupling is the static nature of the predator food resource throughout the Cenozoic (Van Valkenburgh 1999 ). The physical properties of the diet of meat eaters (skin, flesh, and bone) have not changed significantly over time (Van Valkenburgh 1995 ). In contrast, as forests gave way to more open habitats...

... investigated their interactions with plants in dune ecosystems, there is still a limited understanding of these bee communities in coastal environments. This study aimed to characterize the larval diet of Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) cearensis Ducke, 1910 by analyzing pollen from their nests to assess the presence...

... analysis to evaluate how average daily temperature, humidity and other meteorological changes over the years would influence A. cerana’s diet. We show that (1) A. cerana has a large dietary niche (87 pollen taxa), but essentially feeds on Cocos nucifera (all year long) and on Borassus flabellifer, Turnera...

... platform surface using the Dirichlet normal energy (DNE) as a proxy for diet. DNE values increase with body mass, supporting the assumption that conodont metabolic rates increased faster than mass 0.67 . We finally find that adults in both taxa differ in their food bases, which supports trophic...

...Thomas M. Cullen; Fred J. Longstaffe; Ulrich G. Wortmann; Li Huang; David C. Evans Abstract Biogeochemical analyses of organisms’ tissues provide direct proxies for diets, behaviors, and environmental interactions that have proven invaluable for studies of extant and extinct species. Applying...

..., 1988 ; Liston, 2004 ; Friedman et al. 2010 ). Pachycormid diets and feeding strategies are poorly known: gut contents are known for few taxa and most of these observations are anecdotally based only on a single individual. Early Jurassic genera have been described as teuthophagous (Přikryl et al...

... ecology and are here imputed to biomineralization. Comparison with extant vertebrates suggests that the diet alone can explain the offset observed between bony fish and mosasaurs; however, breath holding due to a diving behavior in mosasaurs may have had some impact on their δ 13 C values, as previously...

... the populations of many marine mammals and predatory fishes between the eighteenth and twentieth centuries (Vales et al. 2020 and references therein). In parallel, most coastal predators in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean shifted their diets following the decimation of their own populations, which resulted...

... ramnagarensis n. gen. n. sp.) currently represents the oldest record of fossil tupaiids in the Siwaliks, extending their time range by ca. 2.5–4.0 Myr in the region. Dietary analyses suggest that the new tupaiid was likely adapted for a less mechanically challenging or more frugivorous diet compared to other...

... ). Some African taxa (warthogs and giant forest hogs) are exceptional in that they diverged tremendously from omnivory and adopted highly herbivorous diets (e.g., Field 1972 ; d’Huart 1978 ; Viehl 2003 ; Kingdon 2015 ). This ecological divergence can be traced back to the late Miocene to mid-Pliocene...

... indicative of a more carnivorous diet (Ginot and Goudemand 2019 ). Using size as a proxy for trophic position has been observed to be somewhat inconsistent in modern cyclostomes, however, with a positive correlation among lampreys and no statistical relationship among hagfish (Romanuk et al. 2011...

...: Hemiauchenia paradoxa , Lama guanicoe , and Vicugna vicugna . The analysis of carbon and oxygen stable isotope ratios in bioapatite provides insight into the paleobiology of nonliving animals and the environment they used to inhabit. We applied this tool to investigate the diet of camelids from two geological...

... 2002 ). The preservation of carnivore scats can be useful to understand predator-prey interactions, even when it is difficult to identify the taxon of the feces producer. For example, scat features may be used to establish a size range and the diet of the producer, and the inclusions, i.e., bone...

... for systematics and phylogeny as well as for inferences about paleoecology, diet in particular. We analyze the influence of evolutionary history on our ability to reconstruct diet from dental morphology in the mammalian order Carnivora, and we find that much of our understanding of diet in carnivorans...

... model. Animals were fed either a control diet or a diet containing Na-bentonite at 0.25% and 2% (w/w) inclusion rate. Growth, serum, and blood biochemical parameters, including selected serum vitamins (A and E) and elements such as calcium (Ca), potassium (K), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) were measured...

..., but aspects of its biology remain unclear. In this study, we used multivariate dental topography analysis (DTA) to reconstruct the diet of N. magdalenensis by quantitatively comparing measures of molar complexity with those of 25 modern noctilionoid species representing all major dietary habits in bats. We...

..., age at weaning, age at death, prenatal and postnatal diet, ecology, water intake, and even body and brain size of an individual, that lived millions of years ago. Till a few years back fossil teeth of rare primates were physically sectioned to count these rhythmic growth lines for extracting ontogenic...

... of diet (Gregory 1922 ; Simpson 1933 ; Crompton 1970 ). Quantitative approaches for describing the occlusal surface of teeth have taken two contrasting approaches: shearing metrics and dental topography metrics. Shearing quotients (SQ) and shearing ratios (SR) disaggregate and measure features...