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NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Afar (1)
-
East Africa
-
Djibouti (1)
-
Ethiopia (1)
-
Kenya
-
Lake Magadi (1)
-
-
Lake Malawi (2)
-
Lake Turkana (1)
-
-
East African Lakes
-
Lake Magadi (1)
-
Lake Malawi (2)
-
Lake Turkana (1)
-
-
East African Rift (1)
-
Namib Desert (1)
-
North Africa
-
Algeria (1)
-
Egypt
-
Sinai Egypt (1)
-
-
Tunisia (2)
-
-
Sahara (1)
-
Southern Africa
-
Namibia (3)
-
South Africa (1)
-
-
West Africa
-
Mauritania (2)
-
-
-
Alpine Fault (1)
-
Altiplano (1)
-
Antarctica
-
Amery Ice Shelf (1)
-
Antarctic ice sheet
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West Antarctic ice sheet (1)
-
-
Antarctic Peninsula
-
Graham Land (1)
-
Larsen Ice Shelf (1)
-
-
East Antarctica (11)
-
James Ross Island (1)
-
Ross Ice Shelf
-
McMurdo Ice Shelf (1)
-
-
South Pole (1)
-
South Shetland Islands
-
King George Island (1)
-
-
Transantarctic Mountains
-
Beardmore Glacier (1)
-
-
Vestfold Hills (1)
-
Victoria Land
-
Cape Roberts (1)
-
McMurdo dry valleys (1)
-
-
West Antarctica (3)
-
Wilkes Land
-
Dome C (1)
-
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Alpha Cordillera (3)
-
Beaufort Sea (2)
-
Chukchi Sea (1)
-
Lomonosov Ridge (1)
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Norwegian Sea
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Haltenbanken (1)
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Voring Plateau (1)
-
-
-
Arctic region
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Greenland
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Northern Greenland (1)
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South Greenland (1)
-
-
-
Arthur Harbor (1)
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Asia
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Altai Mountains (1)
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Altai Russian Federation (1)
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Baikal region (3)
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Baikal rift zone (5)
-
Buryat Russian Federation
-
Vitim Plateau (1)
-
-
Central Asia
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Kazakhstan
-
Kustanay Kazakhstan (1)
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-
Turgay Basin (1)
-
-
Chukotka Russian Federation
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Chukchi Peninsula (1)
-
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Far East
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China
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Inner Mongolia China (1)
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Shandong China
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Qingdao China (1)
-
-
-
Japan
-
Hokkaido (1)
-
Honshu
-
Akita Japan
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Oga Peninsula (1)
-
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Shiga Japan
-
Lake Biwa (1)
-
-
Tochigi Japan
-
Shiobara Japan (1)
-
-
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Kyushu (1)
-
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Malaysia (1)
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Mongolia
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Khubsugul Mongolia (2)
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Thailand (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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India
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Andhra Pradesh India (1)
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Gujarat India
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Saurashtra (1)
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Madhya Pradesh India
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Chhindwara India (1)
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Maharashtra India (1)
-
-
Jammu and Kashmir
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Kashmir Valley (1)
-
-
-
Irkutsk Basin (1)
-
Irkutsk Russian Federation (9)
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula (2)
-
Karaginskiy Island (1)
-
-
Kodar Range (1)
-
Koryak Range (1)
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation (1)
-
-
Lake Baikal (31)
-
Middle East
-
Syria
-
Golan Heights (1)
-
-
-
Novosibirsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Ob River (1)
-
Ob-Irtysh Interfluve (1)
-
Omsk Russian Federation (2)
-
Primorye Russian Federation (1)
-
Russian Far East (2)
-
Russian Pacific region (2)
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Sakhalin Russian Federation
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Kuril Islands
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Kunashir Island (1)
-
-
-
Selenga River valley (4)
-
Siberia (6)
-
Tomsk Russian Federation (2)
-
Transbaikalia (3)
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Tuva Russian Federation (1)
-
Tyumen Russian Federation
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Khanty-Mansi Russian Federation
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Surgut Russian Federation (1)
-
-
-
Vitim River (1)
-
West Siberia (2)
-
Western Transbaikalia (2)
-
Zabaykalskiy Russian Federation (2)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
East Atlantic (1)
-
Mid-Atlantic Ridge (2)
-
North Atlantic
-
Baltic Sea (1)
-
Bay of Biscay (1)
-
Faeroe-Shetland Basin (1)
-
Goban Spur (1)
-
Gulf of Mexico (1)
-
Hudson Bay (1)
-
Iceland-Faeroe Ridge (1)
-
Labrador Sea (1)
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North Sea (3)
-
Northeast Atlantic (3)
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Northwest Atlantic (6)
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Reykjanes Ridge (1)
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Straits of Florida (1)
-
-
South Atlantic
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Argentine Basin (1)
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Brazil Basin (1)
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Cape Basin (1)
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Falkland Plateau (1)
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Maurice Ewing Bank (1)
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Rio Grande Rise (1)
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Southeast Atlantic (2)
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Southwest Atlantic (3)
-
-
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Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Faeroe Islands (1)
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Falkland Islands (1)
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Shetland Islands (1)
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Austral Basin (1)
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Australasia
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Australia
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Musgrave Ranges (1)
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Queensland Australia (1)
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Tasmania Australia (2)
-
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New Zealand
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Hawke's Bay New Zealand (1)
-
Marlborough New Zealand (1)
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Otago New Zealand
-
Oamaru New Zealand (1)
-
-
Taupo (1)
-
Taupo volcanic zone (1)
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Waiotapu New Zealand (1)
-
-
-
Baffin Bay (1)
-
Banks Island (1)
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Bear Lake (3)
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Bear River basin (1)
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Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin (1)
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Black Sea region (1)
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Canada
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Arctic Archipelago (6)
-
Eastern Canada
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Baffin Island (4)
-
Maritime Provinces
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Nova Scotia
-
Cape Breton Island (1)
-
-
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Labrador (1)
-
Newfoundland (1)
-
-
Ontario
-
Toronto Ontario (1)
-
-
Quebec
-
Horne Mine (1)
-
Noranda Quebec (1)
-
Temiscamingue County Quebec
-
Rouyn Quebec (1)
-
-
-
-
Hudson Bay (1)
-
Nunavut
-
Baffin Island (4)
-
Ellesmere Island (1)
-
Sverdrup Islands
-
Axel Heiberg Island (1)
-
Ellef Ringnes Island (1)
-
-
-
Queen Elizabeth Islands
-
Ellesmere Island (1)
-
Sverdrup Islands
-
Axel Heiberg Island (1)
-
Ellef Ringnes Island (1)
-
-
-
Torngat Mountains (1)
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta
-
Jasper National Park (2)
-
-
British Columbia
-
Fraser River delta (1)
-
Princeton British Columbia (1)
-
Vancouver Island (4)
-
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (2)
-
Manitoba (4)
-
Northwest Territories
-
Lac de Gras (3)
-
Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula (1)
-
-
Yukon Territory (1)
-
-
-
Canterbury Basin (1)
-
Cap Blanc (1)
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
-
Bahamas (1)
-
-
-
Cascadia subduction zone (10)
-
Central America
-
Costa Rica (1)
-
-
Channeled Scabland (1)
-
Clear Lake (1)
-
Coast Mountains (1)
-
Coast Ranges (1)
-
Colorado River (1)
-
Colorado River basin (1)
-
Columbia River (1)
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
-
Kazakhstan
-
Kustanay Kazakhstan (1)
-
-
Ob-Irtysh Interfluve (1)
-
Russian Federation
-
Altai Russian Federation (1)
-
Baikal region (3)
-
Baikal rift zone (5)
-
Buryat Russian Federation
-
Vitim Plateau (1)
-
-
Chukotka Russian Federation
-
Chukchi Peninsula (1)
-
-
Irkutsk Basin (1)
-
Irkutsk Russian Federation (9)
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula (2)
-
Karaginskiy Island (1)
-
-
Karelia Russian Federation (1)
-
Kodar Range (1)
-
Koryak Range (1)
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation (1)
-
-
Lake Baikal (31)
-
Lake Onega (1)
-
Leningrad Oblast Russian Federation (1)
-
Novosibirsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Ob River (1)
-
Omsk Russian Federation (2)
-
Primorye Russian Federation (1)
-
Russian Far East (2)
-
Russian Pacific region (2)
-
Sakhalin Russian Federation
-
Kuril Islands
-
Kunashir Island (1)
-
-
-
Tomsk Russian Federation (2)
-
Transbaikalia (3)
-
Tuva Russian Federation (1)
-
Tyumen Russian Federation
-
Khanty-Mansi Russian Federation
-
Surgut Russian Federation (1)
-
-
-
Ural region (1)
-
Vitim River (1)
-
Vologda Russian Federation (1)
-
Western Transbaikalia (2)
-
Zabaykalskiy Russian Federation (2)
-
-
Steppes region (1)
-
West Siberia (2)
-
-
Cook Inlet (1)
-
Crater Lake (1)
-
Cumberland Peninsula (3)
-
Davis Strait (1)
-
Dixie Valley (1)
-
DSDP Site 504 (1)
-
Elk Lake (6)
-
Europe
-
Alps (1)
-
Karelia Russian Federation (1)
-
Lake Onega (1)
-
Leningrad Oblast Russian Federation (1)
-
Southern Europe
-
Bulgaria (1)
-
Greece
-
Epirus Greece (1)
-
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Portugal (1)
-
Spain
-
Andalusia Spain (1)
-
Balearic Islands
-
Majorca (2)
-
-
Basque Provinces Spain
-
Alava Spain (1)
-
-
Castilla-La Mancha Spain
-
Ciudad Real Spain (1)
-
-
-
-
Italy
-
Apennines
-
Northern Apennines (1)
-
Southern Apennines (1)
-
-
Calabria Italy (1)
-
Emilia-Romagna Italy
-
Ravenna Italy (1)
-
-
Latium Italy
-
Viterbo Italy (1)
-
-
Piemonte Italy
-
Asti Italy (1)
-
-
-
-
Vologda Russian Federation (1)
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Charente-Maritime France (1)
-
Gironde Estuary (1)
-
Puy-de-Dome France
-
Clermont-Ferrand France (1)
-
-
Rhone France (1)
-
-
Iceland (1)
-
Netherlands (1)
-
Scandinavia
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Denmark (1)
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Norway (1)
-
Sweden (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
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Cambridgeshire England (1)
-
Derbyshire England (1)
-
Yorkshire England
-
North Yorkshire England (1)
-
-
-
Scotland
-
Argyllshire Scotland
-
Islay (1)
-
-
Galloway Scotland (1)
-
Hebrides
-
Inner Hebrides
-
Islay (1)
-
Isle of Skye (1)
-
-
-
Highland region Scotland
-
Inverness-shire Scotland
-
Isle of Skye (1)
-
-
-
Shetland Islands (1)
-
-
-
-
Wadden Sea (1)
-
-
-
Fraser River (2)
-
Indian Ocean
-
Arabian Sea
-
Gulf of Oman (1)
-
-
East Indian Ocean (1)
-
Mid-Indian Ridge
-
Southeast Indian Ridge (1)
-
-
Red Sea
-
Gulf of Aqaba (2)
-
-
West Indian Ocean (1)
-
-
Indian Ocean Islands
-
Kerguelen Islands (1)
-
-
Kerguelen Plateau (2)
-
Lake George (1)
-
Lake Mead (1)
-
Mediterranean region
-
Balearic Islands
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Majorca (2)
-
-
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
East Mediterranean
-
Black Sea (2)
-
Ionian Sea (1)
-
-
Mediterranean Ridge (1)
-
-
Mexico
-
Baja California (1)
-
Baja California Sur Mexico (1)
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Puebla Mexico (1)
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Sonora Mexico (1)
-
-
Newport Bay (1)
-
North America
-
Appalachians
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Appalachian Plateau (1)
-
-
Basin and Range Province
-
Great Basin (2)
-
-
Canadian Shield
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Slave Province (1)
-
-
Great Lakes
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Lake Ontario (1)
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-
Great Lakes region (1)
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Great Plains
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Southern Great Plains (1)
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Gulf Coastal Plain (1)
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Lake of the Woods (1)
-
Rocky Mountains
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Canadian Rocky Mountains (2)
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U. S. Rocky Mountains (1)
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Saint Elias Mountains (1)
-
Western Interior
-
Western Interior Seaway (2)
-
-
Williston Basin (1)
-
-
North Island (5)
-
Northern Hemisphere (2)
-
ODP Site 642 (1)
-
Pacific Coast (5)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
Central Pacific (1)
-
East Pacific
-
East Pacific Rise (1)
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Clarion fracture zone (1)
-
Clipperton fracture zone (1)
-
Gulf of Alaska (4)
-
Gulf of California
-
Guaymas Basin (2)
-
-
Santa Monica Basin (1)
-
-
Panama Basin (1)
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Peru-Chile Trench (1)
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Southeast Pacific (2)
-
-
Equatorial Pacific (10)
-
North Pacific
-
Bering Sea
-
Bowers Ridge (2)
-
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Clarion fracture zone (1)
-
Clipperton fracture zone (1)
-
Gulf of Alaska (4)
-
Gulf of California
-
Guaymas Basin (2)
-
-
Santa Monica Basin (1)
-
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Bowers Ridge (2)
-
Japan Sea (1)
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Japan Trench (1)
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Okhotsk Sea (2)
-
Yellow Sea (1)
-
-
-
South Pacific
-
Southeast Pacific (2)
-
Southwest Pacific
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Campbell Plateau (1)
-
Coral Sea
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Great Barrier Reef (1)
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-
-
-
West Pacific
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Northwest Pacific
-
Bowers Ridge (2)
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Japan Sea (1)
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Japan Trench (1)
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Okhotsk Sea (2)
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Yellow Sea (1)
-
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Ontong Java Plateau (1)
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Southwest Pacific
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Campbell Plateau (1)
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Coral Sea
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Great Barrier Reef (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Pacific region
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Circum-Pacific region (1)
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-
Red River (1)
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Rio Negro (1)
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San Bernardino Mountains (1)
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San Joaquin Basin (2)
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San Nicolas Basin (1)
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San Pedro Basin (1)
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Santa Barbara Basin (3)
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Santa Maria Basin (4)
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Scotia Sea (1)
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Scotia Sea Islands
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South Shetland Islands
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King George Island (1)
-
-
-
Sierra Nevada (3)
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Sinai (1)
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Snake River basin (2)
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South America
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Amazon River (1)
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Andes
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Central Andes (1)
-
-
Argentina
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Buenos Aires Argentina (5)
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Catamarca Argentina (1)
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Pampas (3)
-
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Bolivia (2)
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Brazil
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Amazonas Brazil (1)
-
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Chile
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Atacama Chile (1)
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Atacama Desert (1)
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Biobio Chile
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Arauco Chile (1)
-
-
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Colombia
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Bogota Colombia (1)
-
-
Ecuador (1)
-
Falkland Islands (1)
-
Guiana Basin (1)
-
Lake Titicaca (1)
-
Peru (2)
-
Tierra del Fuego
-
Tierra del Fuego Island (1)
-
-
-
South Island (4)
-
Southern Hemisphere (1)
-
Southern Ocean
-
Bellingshausen Sea (1)
-
Prydz Bay (4)
-
Ross Sea
-
McMurdo Sound (2)
-
-
Weddell Sea
-
Maud Rise (1)
-
-
-
Southwest Indian Ridge (1)
-
Stewart Valley (1)
-
Storegga Slide (1)
-
United States
-
Alaska
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Alaska Peninsula (1)
-
Aleutian Islands
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Adak Island (1)
-
-
Turnagain Arm (1)
-
-
Arizona
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Mohave County Arizona (2)
-
-
Atlantic Coastal Plain
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Central Atlantic Coastal Plain (1)
-
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California
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Alameda County California (1)
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Calaveras County California (1)
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Central California (4)
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Cuyama Basin (1)
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Fresno County California (2)
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Hosgri Fault (1)
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Humboldt County California (2)
-
Kern County California
-
Elk Hills Field (1)
-
-
Kings County California (1)
-
Lake County California (2)
-
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Los Angeles County California
-
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Midway-Sunset Field (3)
-
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Northern California (6)
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Orange County California (4)
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San Francisco County California
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San Joaquin Valley (6)
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San Luis Obispo County California
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-
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Santa Barbara Channel (1)
-
Santa Barbara County California
-
Lompoc California (7)
-
Santa Barbara California (2)
-
-
Santa Cruz County California
-
Santa Cruz California (1)
-
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Santa Ynez Mountains (1)
-
Sonoma County California (1)
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Southern California (12)
-
Temblor Range (1)
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Chesapeake Bay (2)
-
Colorado
-
Boulder County Colorado
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Fremont County Colorado
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Canon City Colorado (1)
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-
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Teller County Colorado
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Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument (3)
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Delaware
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Florida
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Georgia
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Idaho
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Kansas (1)
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Maryland
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Massachusetts
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Barnstable County Massachusetts
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Minnesota
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Clearwater County Minnesota (5)
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Mississippi River (1)
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Nebraska (2)
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Nevada
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Clark County Nevada (2)
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Nevada Test Site (1)
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Nye County Nevada
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Yucca Mountain (1)
-
-
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New Jersey
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Atlantic County New Jersey (1)
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Burlington County New Jersey (1)
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Cape May County New Jersey (1)
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Cumberland County New Jersey (1)
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Ocean County New Jersey (1)
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Salem County New Jersey (1)
-
-
New Mexico
-
Torrance County New Mexico (1)
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Cassidulinacea
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Globocassidulina (1)
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Globigerinacea
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Globorotaliidae
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Orbitoidacea
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Radiolaria (60)
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Vermes
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Musci
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Sirius Group (6)
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Miocene
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Antelope Shale (2)
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middle Miocene
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Choptank Formation (4)
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Temblor Formation (1)
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Ogallala Formation (1)
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Pliocene
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Oligocene
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Suwannee Limestone (1)
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Tongue River Member (1)
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upper Tertiary (3)
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Tulare Formation (1)
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upper Cenozoic
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Yakataga Formation (1)
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Laurentide ice sheet (1)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Lower Cretaceous
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Albian
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Upper Cretaceous
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Campanian (5)
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upper Cenomanian (1)
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Kanguk Formation (2)
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K-T boundary (3)
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Maestrichtian (9)
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Marca Shale Member (2)
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Viking Formation (1)
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Franciscan Complex (1)
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Jurassic
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Upper Jurassic (2)
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Statfjord Formation (1)
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Paleozoic
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igneous rocks
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sulfates
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Primary terms
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absolute age (82)
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Arctic Ocean
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Selenga River valley (4)
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
diatoms
EARLY DIAGENESIS GEOCHEMISTRY OF BOTTOM SEDIMENTS IN THE PLEISTOCENE CORE OF LAKE KOTOKEL (Eastern Baikal Region) Available to Purchase
Tephra zircon U-Pb geochronology of kimberlite maar sedimentary fills in subarctic Canada: Implications for Eocene paleoclimate and Late Cretaceous paleogeography Available to Purchase
Major Diatom Microfossils from the Arctic Region: A Review Available to Purchase
Chemical Elements Concentration, Variations in Mineral Composition, and Current Rate of Sedimentation in Sapropel Deposits of Small Lakes in the Taiga Zone of Southern Siberia Available to Purchase
Fluxes and Composition of Particulate Matter in the Water Column of South Baikal (between March 2015 and March 2016) Available to Purchase
EXPERIMENTAL TAPHONOMY OF FRESHWATER DIATOMS: DISCRIMINATING BETWEEN CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CAUSES OF FRUSTULE FRAGMENTATION Available to Purchase
History of the Giraffe Pipe locality inferred from microfossil remains: a thriving freshwater ecosystem near the Arctic Circle during the warm Eocene Open Access
Microfossils in resin from the middle Eocene Buchanan Lake Formation, Napartulik, Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut, Canada Available to Purchase
STRONTIUM ISOTOPE STRATIGRAPHY REVEALS 100 KY-SCALE CONDENSATION, BEVELING, AND INTERNAL SHINGLING OF TRANSGRESSIVE SHELL BEDS IN THE MARYLAND MIOCENE Available to Purchase
Middle and late Miocene marine mammal assemblages from the Monterey Formation of Orange County, California Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT This study provides new stratigraphic data and identifications for fossil marine mammals from the Monterey Formation in the Capistrano syncline, Orange County, California, showing that there are two distinct marine mammal assemblages. Until now, marine mammals from the Monterey Formation of Orange County have been considered to represent a single assemblage that is 13.0–10.0 Ma in age. By combining data from diatoms with the geographic positions of sites, faunal analysis, and data from the literature, we can assign 59 sites to three main levels: the lower part (ca. 16–13 Ma), the middle part (ca. 13–10 Ma), and the upper part (ca. 10–8 Ma). We assigned 308 marine mammal specimens to 38 taxa, resulting in 97 occurrences (unique record of a taxon for a given site). Of the 38 taxa we identified within the study area, 15 taxa are restricted to the lower part of the Monterey Formation, 15 are restricted to the upper part of the Monterey Formation, eight were found in both, and none has yet been reported from the middle (possibly condensed) section. Six of the eight taxa that occur in both the lower and upper parts of the Monterey Formation are higher-level taxa, which accounts for their broad temporal range. The recognition of two distinct marine mammal assemblages in the Monterey Formation of Orange County is an important step toward a better-calibrated sequence of faunal evolution in the region while improving the utility of marine mammals for regional biostratigraphy.
Refined assessment of the paleoceanographic and tectonic influences on the deposition of the Monterey Formation in California Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT Application of updated diatom biochronology to the Monterey Formation and related biosiliceous rocks reveals the imprint of both global paleoclimatic/paleoceanographic and regional tectonic events. A rise in global sea level combined with regional tectonic deepening associated with the development of the transform California margin resulted in the abrupt onset of deposition of fine-grained Monterey sediments that were relatively free from clastic debris between 18 and 16 Ma. The base of the Monterey Formation does not mark a silica shift in diatom deposition from the North Atlantic to the North Pacific Ocean. Rather, a North Atlantic Ocean decline of diatoms after ca. 13 Ma and increasing divergence in nutrient levels between the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans between ca. 13 and 11 Ma coincided with a major enhancement of diatom deposition in the Monterey Formation. A stratigraphically condensed interval of phosphate-rich sediments between 13 and 10 Ma in coastal southern California appears to have resulted from sediment starvation in offshore basins during a period of higher sea level, as inland sections such as those in the San Joaquin Valley commonly contain thick sequences of diatomaceous sediment. Increasing latitudinal thermal gradients in the latest Miocene, which triggered a biogenic bloom in the equatorial Pacific Ocean at 8 Ma, also led to enhanced diatom deposition in the uppermost Monterey Formation and overlying biosiliceous rocks. Uplift of the California coastal ranges after ca. 5.2 Ma resulted in an increasing detrital contribution that obscured the presence of diatoms in onshore sediments. Major reduction in coastal upwelling in the early Pliocene ca. 4.6 Ma then caused a drastic reduction of diatoms in sediments offshore southern California.
Miocene terrestrial paleoclimates inferred from pollen in the Monterey Formation, Naples Coastal Bluffs section, California Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT We present here a comprehensive record of Miocene terrestrial ecosystems from exposures of the Monterey Formation along the Naples coastal bluffs, west of Santa Barbara, California. Constrained by an updated chronology, pollen analyses of 28 samples deposited between 18 and 6 Ma reflect the demise of mesophytic taxa that grew in a warm, wet environment during the late early and early middle Miocene and the development of a summer-dry/winter-wet Mediterranean climate during the late Miocene. Broadleaf tree pollen from mesophytic woodlands and forests now found in the southeastern United States and China ( Liquidambar , Tilia , Ulmus , Carya ) characterized the Miocene climatic optimum (16.9–14.7 Ma), the middle Miocene climate transition (14.7–13.8 Ma), and the interval up to ca. 13.0 Ma. Subsequently, during the late middle to early late Miocene, between 13.3 and 9.0 Ma, oak woodlands and herbs (Asteraceae, Amaranthaceae, Poaceae) from beach scrub and chaparral increased as ocean temperatures cooled and the climate became drier. Between ca. 8.9 and 7.6 Ma, pine increased mostly at the expense of oak ( Quercus ) and herbs, suggesting a period of increasing precipitation. During the latest Miocene (7.5–6.0 Ma), an increase of herb-dominated ecosystems (chaparral, coastal scrub) at the expense of pine reflects the full development of a summer-dry/winter-wet climate in coastal southern California.
Relationship of organic carbon deposition in the Monterey Formation to the Monterey excursion event based on an updated chronostratigraphic framework of the Naples Beach section, California Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT The Monterey Formation, consisting of siliceous and calcareous biogenic sediments, was deposited during the transition from a relatively warm greenhouse climate in the early Miocene to the cooler temperatures of icehouse climatic conditions during the early middle to late Miocene. This cooling event was associated with global paleoclimatic and oceanic changes assumed to be related to the deposition of organic carbon–rich sediments into the marginal basins of California. This chapter introduces an age model for the Miocene strata at Naples Beach based on a composite stratigraphic section and standardized data set, providing the framework for the integration of biostratigraphic zones with a series of astronomically tuned siliceous and calcareous microfossil bioevents, an updated strontium isotope stratigraphy, new tephrochronology ages, and ages from specific magnetostratigraphic units. This multidisciplinary approach, utilizing the integration of microfossil disciplines with independent age controls, is critical to obtaining an age resolution of ~200 k.y. for the majority of the Monterey Formation section. This chronostratigraphic framework improves the age control of the boundaries between the California benthic foraminiferal stages and provides more age refinement for the possible hiatus and condensed interval within the Carbonaceous Marl member of the Monterey Formation. The recalibrated ages for the tops of the Miocene benthic foraminiferal stages are Saucesian (ca. 17.4 Ma), Relizian (15.9 Ma), Luisian (13.1 Ma), and Mohnian (7.7 Ma). Also, the time missing in the hiatus between the Luisian and Mohnian is <200 k.y., and the duration of the condensed interval is from 13.0 to 11 Ma. This refined age model provides a correlation of the organic carbon–rich intervals occurring in the Luisian and lower Mohnian stages within the Naples Beach strata to the deep-sea δ 13 C maxima events CM5 (ca. 14.7 Ma) and CM6 (ca. 13.6 Ma), suggesting episodic increases in organic carbon deposition along the continental margins coincided with the Miocene carbon isotope excursion found in deep-sea cores. The transition from the Miocene climatic optimum to the icehouse world consisted of four climatic and oceanic phases (from ca. 17.5 to ca. 7 Ma), which are represented in the onshore section by variations in the organic carbon and phosphate contents, the occurrence of calcareous and siliceous lithologic facies, and the distribution of microfossils, especially changes in the benthic foraminiferal assemblages.
Tephrochronology of the Miocene Monterey and Modelo Formations, California Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT Tuff beds (volcanic ash beds and tuffs) have been known in the Miocene Monterey and Modelo Formations since they were initially described nearly 100 yr ago. Yet, these tephra layers have remained largely ignored. The ages and correlation of the Monterey and Modelo Formations are predominantly based on associated biostratigraphy. Here, we combined tephrochronology and biostratigraphy to provide more precise numerical age control for eight sedimentary sequences of the Monterey and Modelo Formations from Monterey County to Orange County in California. We correlated 38 tephra beds in the Monterey and Modelo Formations to 26 different dated tephra layers found mainly in nonmarine sequences in Nevada, Idaho, and New Mexico. We also present geochemical data for an additional 19 tephra layers in the Monterey and Modelo Formations, for which there are no known correlative tephra layers, and geochemical data for another 11 previously uncharacterized tephra layers in other areas of western North America. Correlated tephra layers range in age from 16 to 7 Ma; 31 tephra layers erupted from volcanic centers of the Snake River Plain, northern Nevada to eastern Idaho; 13 other tephra layers erupted from the Southern Nevada volcanic field; and the eruptive source is unknown for 12 other tephra layers. These tephra layers provide new time-stratigraphic markers for the Monterey and Modelo Formations and for other marine and nonmarine sequences in western North America. We identified tephra deposits of four supereruptions as much as 1200 km from the eruptive sources: Rainier Mesa (Southern Nevada volcanic field) and Cougar Point Tuff XI, Cougar Point Tuff XIII, and McMullen Creek (all Snake River Plain).
Gamma-ray attenuation bulk density as an indicator of diatom valve abundance and fragmentation in Pleistocene biosiliceous sediments of the Bering Sea Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT Multisensor track measurements are a nondestructive method to produce continuously measured high-resolution physical property data sets that are a great asset to a wide range of research, including geotechnical studies and paleoceanography. Interpretation of these physical property data can be challenging because they are typically influenced by multiple variables. This paper specifically focuses on the interpretation of gamma-ray attenuation (GRA) data (a proxy for sediment bulk density) in biosiliceous sediments. The Bering Sea is a basin dominated by biosiliceous sediment, and the late Pleistocene to present core record of Sites U1340 and U1339, drilled during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 323, has subtle meter-scale changes in the concentration of fine-grained siliciclastic sediment that produce lithologic alternations between diatom ooze and diatom mud. We produced a detailed sedimentologic data set that combined smear slide petrography, scanning electron microscopy, and grain-size analysis for both Sites U1340 and U1339 and correlated it to shipboard GRA bulk density measurements. Results show that bulk density is negatively correlated with diatom abundance and positively correlated with the fragmentation of diatom valves. This study argues that diatom abundance and fragmentation influence sediment packing and drive down-core variability in GRA bulk density. Therefore, denser diatom mud is a result of tightly packed, highly fragmented diatom valves, and diatom ooze is a less dense sediment dominated by whole and less fragmented diatom valves. We suggest that GRA data can be used as a proxy for diatom abundance and an indicator of diatom fragmentation. We include a discussion of how these results may impact the interpretation of ancient bedded siliceous rocks.
Geobiology: Deep Time Perspectives Available to Purchase
Diatom evidence for a groundwater divide that limited the extent of Lake Estancia, New Mexico, USA, highstands during the Last Glacial Maximum Available to Purchase
The First Data on the Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Suspension of Lake Onego Available to Purchase
Polychromatic polarization: Boosting the capabilities of the good old petrographic microscope Open Access
A lignin, diatom, and pollen record spanning the Pleistocene–Holocene transition at Fallen Leaf Lake, Sierra Nevada, California, USA Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT Lignin phenol, pollen, and diatom analyses were performed on dated sediments (13,533–8993 cal yr B.P.) recovered from Fallen Leaf Lake, California. This multiproxy data set constrains the end of the Tioga glaciation in the Lake Tahoe Basin and reconstructs the response of the region’s aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems to climatic changes that accompanied the Younger Dryas, the end of the Pleistocene, and early Holocene warming. From the Pleistocene to the Holocene, lignin concentrations and syringyl/vanillyl (S/V) ratios increased, while cinnamyl/vanillyl (C/V) ratios and the lignin phenol vegetation index (LPVI) decreased, recording the proliferation of woody plant material and, particularly, the expansion of angiosperms as the Tioga glaciation ended and temperatures warmed. This interpretation is constrained by lignin phenol analyses of plant material from Fallen Leaf Lake’s present-day watershed. Complementary palynological analyses show a transition from a gymnosperm-dominated landscape to a more mixed angiosperm-gymnosperm vegetation assemblage that formed as closed canopy forests became more open and grasses and aster colonized meadows. Aquatic flora assemblages, in the form of greater amounts of green algae and greater percentages of diatom phytoplankton, indicate increased levels of lake primary productivity in response to warming. Principal component analysis (PCA) distinctly resolves the Pleistocene from the Holocene diatom flora. The Pleistocene flora is dominated by cyclotelloids and low-mantled Aulacoseira species that are rare in Fallen Leaf Lake today, but common at higher and colder elevations that may resemble the Pleistocene Fallen Leaf Lake. The Holocene diatom flora is dominated by Aulacoseira subarctica .