Update search
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Djibouti (1)
-
Ethiopia (1)
-
Ethiopian Rift (1)
-
Kenya
-
Lake Magadi (1)
-
-
Lake Natron (2)
-
Tanzania
-
Oldoinyo Lengai (2)
-
-
-
East African Lakes
-
Lake Magadi (1)
-
Lake Natron (2)
-
-
East African Rift (2)
-
Southern Africa
-
Botswana (1)
-
Karoo Basin (1)
-
Namibia (1)
-
South Africa (2)
-
-
West Africa
-
Nigeria (1)
-
-
West African Shield (1)
-
-
Antarctica
-
Ross Island (1)
-
-
Antelope Valley (1)
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Norwegian Sea
-
More Basin (1)
-
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
East Greenland (1)
-
Kangerlussuaq (1)
-
Skaergaard Intrusion (1)
-
-
-
Asal Rift (1)
-
Asia
-
Baikal region (1)
-
Baikal rift zone (2)
-
Central Asia
-
Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Massif (1)
-
-
-
-
Far East
-
China
-
Heilongjiang China (1)
-
Inner Mongolia China
-
Bayan Obo China (1)
-
-
Meishan China (2)
-
North China Platform (2)
-
Sanjiang (1)
-
Shandong China
-
Shandong Peninsula (1)
-
-
Zhejiang China (2)
-
-
Indonesia
-
Java
-
Merapi (1)
-
-
-
Japan
-
Hokkaido
-
Usu (1)
-
-
Honshu
-
Izu-shichito
-
Miyake-Jima (1)
-
-
Kii Peninsula (1)
-
-
Ryukyu Islands
-
Okinawa (1)
-
-
-
Korea
-
South Korea (1)
-
-
Philippine Islands
-
Luzon
-
Mount Pinatubo (5)
-
-
-
-
Himalayas
-
Garhwal Himalayas (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Himachal Pradesh India (1)
-
Uttarakhand India
-
Garhwal Himalayas (1)
-
Garhwal India (1)
-
-
-
Jammu and Kashmir
-
Ladakh (1)
-
-
Nepal (1)
-
-
Irkutsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula
-
Avacha (1)
-
Bezymyannyy (2)
-
Klyuchevskaya Sopka (2)
-
Sheveluch (1)
-
Tolbachik (1)
-
-
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
-
Norilsk region (1)
-
-
-
Lake Baikal (1)
-
Middle East
-
Iran (1)
-
Israel
-
Mount Carmel (1)
-
-
Turkey
-
Menderes Massif (1)
-
-
-
Sakhalin Russian Federation
-
Kuril Islands
-
Etorofu Island (1)
-
-
-
Siberia (2)
-
Siberian fold belt (1)
-
Siberian Platform
-
Tunguska (1)
-
-
Tibetan Plateau (1)
-
Transbaikalia (1)
-
Tunguska Basin (2)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
Mid-Atlantic Ridge (1)
-
North Atlantic
-
North Sea (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Azores
-
Sao Miguel Island
-
Furnas (2)
-
-
-
Canary Islands
-
Hierro (1)
-
Tenerife
-
Teide (1)
-
-
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Western Australia
-
Pilbara Craton (1)
-
-
-
New Zealand
-
Okataina volcanic centre (1)
-
Taupo volcanic zone (1)
-
-
Papua New Guinea
-
Bismarck Archipelago
-
Rabaul Caldera (1)
-
-
-
-
Canada
-
Arctic Archipelago (1)
-
Eastern Canada
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Newfoundland (2)
-
-
Ontario
-
Cochrane District Ontario
-
Timmins Ontario (1)
-
-
-
Quebec
-
Thetford Mines (1)
-
-
-
Western Canada
-
British Columbia
-
Queen Charlotte Islands (1)
-
-
Northwest Territories (1)
-
Yukon Territory (1)
-
-
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
-
Antilles
-
Lesser Antilles
-
Soufriere (3)
-
Virgin Islands
-
U. S. Virgin Islands
-
Saint Croix (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cascade Range (8)
-
Cascadia subduction zone (1)
-
Central America
-
Costa Rica
-
Irazu (1)
-
Poas (1)
-
-
El Salvador (1)
-
Guatemala (1)
-
Nicaragua
-
Masaya (3)
-
-
-
Colorado River basin (1)
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
-
Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Massif (1)
-
-
-
Russian Federation
-
Baikal region (1)
-
Baikal rift zone (2)
-
Irkutsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula
-
Avacha (1)
-
Bezymyannyy (2)
-
Klyuchevskaya Sopka (2)
-
Sheveluch (1)
-
Tolbachik (1)
-
-
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
-
Norilsk region (1)
-
-
-
Lake Baikal (1)
-
Murmansk Russian Federation
-
Kola Peninsula (1)
-
Kola Russian Federation (1)
-
Kovdor Massif (1)
-
-
Sakhalin Russian Federation
-
Kuril Islands
-
Etorofu Island (1)
-
-
-
Siberian Platform
-
Tunguska (1)
-
-
Transbaikalia (1)
-
Tunguska Basin (2)
-
-
-
Crater Lake (1)
-
East Pacific Ocean Islands
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
-
Kilauea (9)
-
Mauna Kea (1)
-
-
-
Maui County Hawaii
-
Maui (1)
-
-
Mauna Loa (1)
-
-
-
Europe
-
Alps (1)
-
Baltic region (1)
-
Central Europe
-
Austria (1)
-
Czech Republic
-
Bohemia (3)
-
-
Slovakia (1)
-
-
Fennoscandian Shield (2)
-
Lapland (1)
-
Murmansk Russian Federation
-
Kola Peninsula (1)
-
Kola Russian Federation (1)
-
Kovdor Massif (1)
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece
-
Greek Aegean Islands
-
Dodecanese (1)
-
-
Sterea Ellas (1)
-
-
Italy
-
Abruzzi Italy (3)
-
Apennines
-
Central Apennines (3)
-
Southern Apennines (1)
-
-
Campania Italy
-
Monte Somma (1)
-
Naples Italy
-
Pozzuoli Italy (1)
-
-
Phlegraean Fields (5)
-
Vesuvius (4)
-
-
Sicily Italy
-
Lipari Islands
-
Stromboli (5)
-
-
Mount Etna (11)
-
Palermo Italy (1)
-
Pantelleria (1)
-
-
-
-
Tauern Window (1)
-
Western Europe
-
Iceland
-
Hekla (1)
-
Krafla (2)
-
Laki (1)
-
-
Scandinavia
-
Denmark (1)
-
Sweden (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
Scotland
-
East Lothian Scotland (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Fuego (1)
-
Green River basin (1)
-
Henderson Mine (1)
-
Indian Ocean
-
Arabian Sea (2)
-
Bay of Bengal (1)
-
-
International Ocean Discovery Program (1)
-
Long Valley (1)
-
Mediterranean region
-
Aegean Islands
-
Greek Aegean Islands
-
Dodecanese (1)
-
-
-
-
Mexico
-
Jalisco Mexico
-
Colima (1)
-
-
Popocatepetl (4)
-
Puebla Mexico (1)
-
Queretaro Mexico (1)
-
Trans-Mexican volcanic belt (3)
-
-
Mount Erebus (2)
-
NanTroSEIZE
-
Expedition 314 (1)
-
IODP Site C0002 (1)
-
-
North America
-
Canadian Shield
-
Grenville Province
-
Central Metasedimentary Belt (1)
-
-
Superior Province
-
Abitibi Belt (2)
-
Kapuskasing Zone (1)
-
-
-
Rocky Mountains
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
San Juan Mountains (2)
-
-
-
-
North Island (2)
-
Oceania
-
Melanesia
-
Vanuatu (1)
-
-
Micronesia
-
Mariana Islands (3)
-
-
Polynesia
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
-
Kilauea (9)
-
Mauna Kea (1)
-
-
-
Maui County Hawaii
-
Maui (1)
-
-
Mauna Loa (1)
-
-
Tonga (1)
-
-
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Galapagos Rift (1)
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Cascadia Basin (1)
-
Gorda Rise (1)
-
Juan de Fuca Ridge (1)
-
-
Southeast Pacific
-
Lau Basin (3)
-
-
-
Equatorial Pacific (1)
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Cascadia Basin (1)
-
Gorda Rise (1)
-
Juan de Fuca Ridge (1)
-
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Izu-Bonin Arc (1)
-
Japan Sea
-
Ulleung Basin (1)
-
-
Kumano Basin (1)
-
Nankai Trough (1)
-
-
-
South Pacific
-
Southeast Pacific
-
Lau Basin (3)
-
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Bismarck Sea
-
Manus Basin (2)
-
-
North Fiji Basin (1)
-
-
-
West Pacific
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Izu-Bonin Arc (1)
-
Japan Sea
-
Ulleung Basin (1)
-
-
Kumano Basin (1)
-
Nankai Trough (1)
-
-
Ontong Java Plateau (2)
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Bismarck Sea
-
Manus Basin (2)
-
-
North Fiji Basin (1)
-
-
-
-
San Andreas Fault (1)
-
San Juan Basin (1)
-
Solomon Islands (1)
-
South America
-
Amazon River (1)
-
Andes
-
Galeras (2)
-
Northern Andes (1)
-
Tungurahua (1)
-
Villarrica (1)
-
-
Argentina (1)
-
Bolivia (2)
-
Brazil
-
Rio Grande do Sul Brazil (1)
-
-
Chile
-
Villarrica (1)
-
-
Colombia
-
Galeras (2)
-
Nevado del Ruiz (1)
-
-
Ecuador
-
Tungurahua (1)
-
-
Parana Basin (1)
-
Peru (1)
-
-
South Island (1)
-
Southern Alps (1)
-
Southern Ocean (1)
-
United States
-
Alaska
-
Alaska Peninsula (1)
-
Aleutian Islands (1)
-
Aniakchak (1)
-
Novarupta (2)
-
Pavlof (1)
-
-
Arizona
-
Coconino County Arizona (1)
-
Mohave County Arizona (1)
-
Pima County Arizona (1)
-
-
California
-
Central California (1)
-
Mono County California
-
Inyo Domes (1)
-
Long Valley Caldera (1)
-
Mono Craters (3)
-
-
Monterey County California (1)
-
Salinian Block (1)
-
San Luis Obispo County California (1)
-
-
Colorado
-
Clear Creek County Colorado (1)
-
-
Colorado Plateau (3)
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
-
Kilauea (9)
-
Mauna Kea (1)
-
-
-
Maui County Hawaii
-
Maui (1)
-
-
Mauna Loa (1)
-
-
Idaho (2)
-
Minnesota
-
Beltrami County Minnesota (1)
-
Duluth Complex (1)
-
Koochiching County Minnesota (1)
-
Saint Louis County Minnesota (1)
-
-
Montana
-
Cascade County Montana (1)
-
Chouteau County Montana (1)
-
-
Nevada
-
Nye County Nevada
-
Yucca Mountain (1)
-
-
-
New Hampshire (1)
-
New Mexico
-
Datil-Mogollon volcanic field (1)
-
San Juan County New Mexico (1)
-
Sandoval County New Mexico (1)
-
Valles Caldera (1)
-
-
Oregon
-
Klamath County Oregon
-
Mount Mazama (1)
-
-
-
Pennsylvania
-
Lancaster County Pennsylvania (1)
-
-
Texas (1)
-
Trans-Pecos (1)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
San Juan Mountains (2)
-
-
Utah
-
Beaver County Utah (1)
-
Grand County Utah (1)
-
Tintic mining district (1)
-
-
Washington
-
Skamania County Washington
-
Mount Saint Helens (6)
-
-
-
Western U.S. (1)
-
Wyoming (1)
-
-
Victoria Island (1)
-
West Pacific Ocean Islands
-
Kermadec Islands (1)
-
-
White Island (2)
-
-
commodities
-
asbestos deposits (1)
-
brines (4)
-
energy sources (3)
-
gems (1)
-
geothermal energy (5)
-
glass materials (2)
-
graphite deposits (1)
-
industrial minerals (1)
-
metal ores
-
antimony ores (1)
-
arsenic ores (1)
-
copper ores (8)
-
gold ores (7)
-
iron ores (1)
-
lead ores (2)
-
magnesium ores (1)
-
mercury ores (1)
-
molybdenum ores (2)
-
nickel ores (2)
-
platinum ores (1)
-
polymetallic ores (2)
-
rare earth deposits (1)
-
silver ores (1)
-
thorium ores (1)
-
tin ores (1)
-
uranium ores (2)
-
zinc ores (2)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (17)
-
mineral exploration (1)
-
nonmetal deposits (1)
-
petroleum
-
natural gas (1)
-
-
water resources (1)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
boron
-
B-11/B-10 (2)
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (17)
-
C-14 (2)
-
organic carbon (2)
-
-
chemical elements (2)
-
chemical ratios (3)
-
halogens
-
bromine (5)
-
chlorine
-
chloride ion (3)
-
Cl-37/Cl-35 (2)
-
-
fluorine (14)
-
iodine (1)
-
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (11)
-
deuterium (7)
-
tritium (1)
-
-
incompatible elements (1)
-
isotope ratios (47)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Ar-38/Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (2)
-
C-14 (2)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-210 (2)
-
Ra-226 (1)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
Rn-222 (3)
-
Th-230/Ra-226 (1)
-
Th-232/Th-230 (1)
-
tritium (1)
-
U-238/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Ar-38/Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-36 (2)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (2)
-
B-11/B-10 (2)
-
C-13/C-12 (17)
-
Cl-37/Cl-35 (2)
-
D/H (11)
-
deuterium (7)
-
He-3 (1)
-
He-4/He-3 (6)
-
Kr-84 (1)
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (1)
-
N-15/N-14 (2)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
Ne-22/Ne-20 (1)
-
Ne-22/Ne-21 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (16)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (13)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (5)
-
Xe-129 (1)
-
Xe-130/Xe-129 (1)
-
Xe-136/Xe-132 (1)
-
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
thorium
-
Th-230/Ra-226 (1)
-
Th-232/Th-230 (1)
-
-
uranium
-
U-238/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
-
alkali metals
-
lithium (1)
-
rubidium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
calcium (3)
-
magnesium
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (1)
-
-
radium
-
Ra-226 (1)
-
Th-230/Ra-226 (1)
-
-
strontium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (5)
-
-
-
antimony (1)
-
arsenic (1)
-
bismuth (1)
-
chromium (2)
-
copper (2)
-
iron
-
ferric iron (3)
-
ferrous iron (4)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-210 (2)
-
U-238/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
molybdenum (1)
-
platinum group
-
platinum ores (1)
-
-
polonium (1)
-
precious metals (1)
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
-
-
tin (1)
-
zinc (2)
-
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (2)
-
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-38/Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-36 (2)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (2)
-
-
helium
-
He-3 (1)
-
He-4/He-3 (6)
-
-
krypton
-
Kr-84 (1)
-
-
neon
-
Ne-22/Ne-20 (1)
-
Ne-22/Ne-21 (1)
-
-
radon
-
Rn-222 (3)
-
-
xenon
-
Xe-129 (1)
-
Xe-130/Xe-129 (1)
-
Xe-136/Xe-132 (1)
-
-
-
oxygen
-
dissolved oxygen (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (16)
-
-
phosphorus (1)
-
selenium (1)
-
short-lived isotopes (2)
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (13)
-
-
tellurium (1)
-
trace metals (1)
-
-
fossils
-
Invertebrata
-
Mollusca
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
-
Ammonites (1)
-
-
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Rotaliina
-
Globigerinacea
-
Globigerinidae
-
Globigerinoides
-
Globigerinoides ruber (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Radiolaria (1)
-
-
-
microfossils (5)
-
palynomorphs (1)
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
diatoms (1)
-
-
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (1)
-
Ar/Ar (5)
-
fission-track dating (1)
-
K/Ar (3)
-
paleomagnetism (2)
-
Rb/Sr (1)
-
Th/U (2)
-
thermochronology (1)
-
tree rings (1)
-
U/Pb (1)
-
uranium disequilibrium (1)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
middle Holocene (1)
-
upper Holocene (4)
-
-
Pleistocene
-
Bandelier Tuff (1)
-
Bishop Tuff (1)
-
Lake Agassiz (1)
-
lower Pleistocene (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Allerod (1)
-
Bolling (1)
-
Younger Dryas (1)
-
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (5)
-
Grande Ronde Basalt (3)
-
middle Miocene (1)
-
Picture Gorge Basalt (1)
-
Saddle Mountains Basalt (1)
-
Tiva Canyon Member (1)
-
Wanapum Basalt (1)
-
-
Pliocene (3)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
lower Eocene (1)
-
-
Oligocene
-
Fish Canyon Tuff (1)
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
-
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (1)
-
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous (2)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Fruitland Formation (1)
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
-
Great Valley Sequence (1)
-
Jurassic
-
Ferrar Group (1)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Pliensbachian (1)
-
Toarcian (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Bajocian
-
Yakoun Group (1)
-
-
-
-
Serra Geral Formation (1)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (4)
-
-
Upper Triassic
-
Stormberg Series (1)
-
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Lower Cambrian (1)
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Mississippian (1)
-
Namurian (1)
-
-
Devonian (1)
-
lower Paleozoic (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Antelope Valley Limestone (1)
-
Lower Ordovician (1)
-
Lushs Bight Group (1)
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Darriwilian (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Ecca Group (1)
-
Lower Permian (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (4)
-
-
Whitehill Formation (1)
-
-
Silurian
-
Upper Silurian (1)
-
-
-
Phanerozoic (4)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Neoarchean
-
Jiaodong Group (1)
-
-
-
Hadean (6)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Great Oxidation Event (1)
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (1)
-
Sturtian (1)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Virginia Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (9)
-
hypabyssal rocks (3)
-
kimberlite (5)
-
phoscorites (1)
-
picrite (5)
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase (3)
-
diorites (1)
-
gabbros (3)
-
granites
-
A-type granites (2)
-
I-type granites (1)
-
-
granodiorites (1)
-
lamprophyres
-
minette (1)
-
-
pegmatite (1)
-
syenites
-
shonkinite (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites
-
spinel lherzolite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
clinopyroxenite (2)
-
-
-
-
porphyry (3)
-
volcanic rocks
-
adakites (1)
-
andesites (7)
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
trachybasalts (1)
-
-
flood basalts (11)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (6)
-
ocean-island basalts (1)
-
shoshonite (2)
-
trap rocks (1)
-
-
basanite (1)
-
benmoreite (1)
-
dacites (6)
-
glasses
-
obsidian (5)
-
volcanic glass (5)
-
-
komatiite (3)
-
phonolites (6)
-
pyroclastics
-
ignimbrite (4)
-
pumice (14)
-
scoria (2)
-
tuff (2)
-
welded tuff (2)
-
-
rhyodacites (3)
-
rhyolites
-
pantellerite (1)
-
-
trachyandesites
-
absarokite (1)
-
-
trachytes (2)
-
-
-
volcanic ash (2)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
cataclasites (1)
-
gneisses
-
paragneiss (1)
-
-
granulites (1)
-
impactites (1)
-
marbles (1)
-
metacarbonate rocks (1)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
paragneiss (1)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
skarn (1)
-
-
schists (2)
-
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites
-
Miller Range Meteorites (1)
-
stony meteorites
-
achondrites
-
Martian meteorites
-
SNC Meteorites
-
nakhlite (1)
-
-
-
-
chondrites
-
carbonaceous chondrites (1)
-
enstatite chondrites (1)
-
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
alloys
-
carbides
-
moissanite (2)
-
-
nitrides (1)
-
-
arsenides
-
arsenopyrite (1)
-
-
carbonates
-
aragonite (2)
-
bastnaesite (1)
-
calcite (13)
-
dolomite (1)
-
magnesian calcite (1)
-
-
halides
-
chlorides (2)
-
fluorides
-
bastnaesite (1)
-
fluorite (1)
-
prosopite (1)
-
topaz (1)
-
-
-
hydrates (1)
-
minerals (3)
-
native elements
-
diamond (3)
-
graphite (6)
-
-
oxides
-
corundum (1)
-
hausmannite (1)
-
ilmenite (2)
-
iron oxides (1)
-
magnetite (4)
-
periclase (1)
-
rutile (1)
-
tantalates
-
microlite (2)
-
-
titanomaghemite (1)
-
titanomagnetite (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (9)
-
fluorapatite (3)
-
monazite (1)
-
-
platinum minerals (1)
-
silicates
-
aluminosilicates (1)
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
arfvedsonite (1)
-
hastingsite (1)
-
hornblende (2)
-
tremolite (1)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
jadeite (1)
-
-
orthopyroxene (1)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
adularia (1)
-
K-feldspar (1)
-
microcline (1)
-
orthoclase (1)
-
perthite (1)
-
sanidine (1)
-
-
plagioclase (11)
-
-
silica minerals
-
amethyst (1)
-
chalcedony (1)
-
coesite (1)
-
quartz (4)
-
stishovite (1)
-
-
sodalite group
-
helvite (1)
-
sodalite (1)
-
tugtupite (1)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
olivine group
-
fayalite (1)
-
forsterite (2)
-
olivine (11)
-
ringwoodite (1)
-
wadsleyite (1)
-
-
topaz (1)
-
zircon group
-
zircon (3)
-
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
tourmaline group (2)
-
-
sheet silicates
-
clay minerals
-
beidellite (1)
-
smectite (2)
-
-
illite (2)
-
mica group
-
biotite (2)
-
phlogopite (1)
-
-
serpentine group
-
chrysotile (1)
-
serpentine (1)
-
-
-
-
sulfates
-
anhydrite (4)
-
-
sulfides
-
arsenopyrite (1)
-
bornite (1)
-
chalcopyrite (2)
-
copper sulfides (1)
-
helvite (1)
-
iron sulfides (1)
-
marcasite (1)
-
pyrite (1)
-
-
sulfosalts
-
sulfantimonites
-
tetrahedrite (1)
-
-
-
ultrabasite (1)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (10)
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Djibouti (1)
-
Ethiopia (1)
-
Ethiopian Rift (1)
-
Kenya
-
Lake Magadi (1)
-
-
Lake Natron (2)
-
Tanzania
-
Oldoinyo Lengai (2)
-
-
-
East African Lakes
-
Lake Magadi (1)
-
Lake Natron (2)
-
-
East African Rift (2)
-
Southern Africa
-
Botswana (1)
-
Karoo Basin (1)
-
Namibia (1)
-
South Africa (2)
-
-
West Africa
-
Nigeria (1)
-
-
West African Shield (1)
-
-
Antarctica
-
Ross Island (1)
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Norwegian Sea
-
More Basin (1)
-
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
East Greenland (1)
-
Kangerlussuaq (1)
-
Skaergaard Intrusion (1)
-
-
-
asbestos deposits (1)
-
Asia
-
Baikal region (1)
-
Baikal rift zone (2)
-
Central Asia
-
Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Massif (1)
-
-
-
-
Far East
-
China
-
Heilongjiang China (1)
-
Inner Mongolia China
-
Bayan Obo China (1)
-
-
Meishan China (2)
-
North China Platform (2)
-
Sanjiang (1)
-
Shandong China
-
Shandong Peninsula (1)
-
-
Zhejiang China (2)
-
-
Indonesia
-
Java
-
Merapi (1)
-
-
-
Japan
-
Hokkaido
-
Usu (1)
-
-
Honshu
-
Izu-shichito
-
Miyake-Jima (1)
-
-
Kii Peninsula (1)
-
-
Ryukyu Islands
-
Okinawa (1)
-
-
-
Korea
-
South Korea (1)
-
-
Philippine Islands
-
Luzon
-
Mount Pinatubo (5)
-
-
-
-
Himalayas
-
Garhwal Himalayas (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Himachal Pradesh India (1)
-
Uttarakhand India
-
Garhwal Himalayas (1)
-
Garhwal India (1)
-
-
-
Jammu and Kashmir
-
Ladakh (1)
-
-
Nepal (1)
-
-
Irkutsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula
-
Avacha (1)
-
Bezymyannyy (2)
-
Klyuchevskaya Sopka (2)
-
Sheveluch (1)
-
Tolbachik (1)
-
-
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
-
Norilsk region (1)
-
-
-
Lake Baikal (1)
-
Middle East
-
Iran (1)
-
Israel
-
Mount Carmel (1)
-
-
Turkey
-
Menderes Massif (1)
-
-
-
Sakhalin Russian Federation
-
Kuril Islands
-
Etorofu Island (1)
-
-
-
Siberia (2)
-
Siberian fold belt (1)
-
Siberian Platform
-
Tunguska (1)
-
-
Tibetan Plateau (1)
-
Transbaikalia (1)
-
Tunguska Basin (2)
-
-
asteroids (1)
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
Mid-Atlantic Ridge (1)
-
North Atlantic
-
North Sea (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Azores
-
Sao Miguel Island
-
Furnas (2)
-
-
-
Canary Islands
-
Hierro (1)
-
Tenerife
-
Teide (1)
-
-
-
-
atmosphere (41)
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Western Australia
-
Pilbara Craton (1)
-
-
-
New Zealand
-
Okataina volcanic centre (1)
-
Taupo volcanic zone (1)
-
-
Papua New Guinea
-
Bismarck Archipelago
-
Rabaul Caldera (1)
-
-
-
-
biography (1)
-
boron
-
B-11/B-10 (2)
-
-
brines (4)
-
Canada
-
Arctic Archipelago (1)
-
Eastern Canada
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Newfoundland (2)
-
-
Ontario
-
Cochrane District Ontario
-
Timmins Ontario (1)
-
-
-
Quebec
-
Thetford Mines (1)
-
-
-
Western Canada
-
British Columbia
-
Queen Charlotte Islands (1)
-
-
Northwest Territories (1)
-
Yukon Territory (1)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (17)
-
C-14 (2)
-
organic carbon (2)
-
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
-
Antilles
-
Lesser Antilles
-
Soufriere (3)
-
Virgin Islands
-
U. S. Virgin Islands
-
Saint Croix (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
middle Holocene (1)
-
upper Holocene (4)
-
-
Pleistocene
-
Bandelier Tuff (1)
-
Bishop Tuff (1)
-
Lake Agassiz (1)
-
lower Pleistocene (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Allerod (1)
-
Bolling (1)
-
Younger Dryas (1)
-
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (5)
-
Grande Ronde Basalt (3)
-
middle Miocene (1)
-
Picture Gorge Basalt (1)
-
Saddle Mountains Basalt (1)
-
Tiva Canyon Member (1)
-
Wanapum Basalt (1)
-
-
Pliocene (3)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
lower Eocene (1)
-
-
Oligocene
-
Fish Canyon Tuff (1)
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
-
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (1)
-
-
-
-
Central America
-
Costa Rica
-
Irazu (1)
-
Poas (1)
-
-
El Salvador (1)
-
Guatemala (1)
-
Nicaragua
-
Masaya (3)
-
-
-
chemical analysis (1)
-
climate change (14)
-
continental shelf (1)
-
core (5)
-
crust (30)
-
crystal chemistry (4)
-
crystal growth (8)
-
crystal structure (3)
-
data processing (8)
-
Deep Sea Drilling Project
-
Leg 30
-
DSDP Site 289 (1)
-
-
-
deformation (11)
-
diagenesis (5)
-
Earth (6)
-
earthquakes (19)
-
East Pacific Ocean Islands
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
-
Kilauea (9)
-
Mauna Kea (1)
-
-
-
Maui County Hawaii
-
Maui (1)
-
-
Mauna Loa (1)
-
-
-
economic geology (2)
-
energy sources (3)
-
Europe
-
Alps (1)
-
Baltic region (1)
-
Central Europe
-
Austria (1)
-
Czech Republic
-
Bohemia (3)
-
-
Slovakia (1)
-
-
Fennoscandian Shield (2)
-
Lapland (1)
-
Murmansk Russian Federation
-
Kola Peninsula (1)
-
Kola Russian Federation (1)
-
Kovdor Massif (1)
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece
-
Greek Aegean Islands
-
Dodecanese (1)
-
-
Sterea Ellas (1)
-
-
Italy
-
Abruzzi Italy (3)
-
Apennines
-
Central Apennines (3)
-
Southern Apennines (1)
-
-
Campania Italy
-
Monte Somma (1)
-
Naples Italy
-
Pozzuoli Italy (1)
-
-
Phlegraean Fields (5)
-
Vesuvius (4)
-
-
Sicily Italy
-
Lipari Islands
-
Stromboli (5)
-
-
Mount Etna (11)
-
Palermo Italy (1)
-
Pantelleria (1)
-
-
-
-
Tauern Window (1)
-
Western Europe
-
Iceland
-
Hekla (1)
-
Krafla (2)
-
Laki (1)
-
-
Scandinavia
-
Denmark (1)
-
Sweden (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
Scotland
-
East Lothian Scotland (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
extraterrestrial geology (1)
-
faults (16)
-
fractures (9)
-
gems (1)
-
geochemistry (69)
-
geochronology (3)
-
geodesy (1)
-
geomorphology (5)
-
geophysical methods (6)
-
geophysics (1)
-
geothermal energy (5)
-
glacial geology (2)
-
graphite deposits (1)
-
ground water (16)
-
heat flow (9)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (11)
-
deuterium (7)
-
tritium (1)
-
-
hydrology (4)
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (9)
-
hypabyssal rocks (3)
-
kimberlite (5)
-
phoscorites (1)
-
picrite (5)
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase (3)
-
diorites (1)
-
gabbros (3)
-
granites
-
A-type granites (2)
-
I-type granites (1)
-
-
granodiorites (1)
-
lamprophyres
-
minette (1)
-
-
pegmatite (1)
-
syenites
-
shonkinite (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites
-
spinel lherzolite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
clinopyroxenite (2)
-
-
-
-
porphyry (3)
-
volcanic rocks
-
adakites (1)
-
andesites (7)
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
trachybasalts (1)
-
-
flood basalts (11)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (6)
-
ocean-island basalts (1)
-
shoshonite (2)
-
trap rocks (1)
-
-
basanite (1)
-
benmoreite (1)
-
dacites (6)
-
glasses
-
obsidian (5)
-
volcanic glass (5)
-
-
komatiite (3)
-
phonolites (6)
-
pyroclastics
-
ignimbrite (4)
-
pumice (14)
-
scoria (2)
-
tuff (2)
-
welded tuff (2)
-
-
rhyodacites (3)
-
rhyolites
-
pantellerite (1)
-
-
trachyandesites
-
absarokite (1)
-
-
trachytes (2)
-
-
-
inclusions
-
fluid inclusions (28)
-
-
Indian Ocean
-
Arabian Sea (2)
-
Bay of Bengal (1)
-
-
industrial minerals (1)
-
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
-
Expedition 314 (1)
-
IODP Site C0002 (1)
-
-
intrusions (32)
-
Invertebrata
-
Mollusca
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
-
Ammonites (1)
-
-
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Rotaliina
-
Globigerinacea
-
Globigerinidae
-
Globigerinoides
-
Globigerinoides ruber (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Radiolaria (1)
-
-
-
isostasy (1)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Ar-38/Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (2)
-
C-14 (2)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-210 (2)
-
Ra-226 (1)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
Rn-222 (3)
-
Th-230/Ra-226 (1)
-
Th-232/Th-230 (1)
-
tritium (1)
-
U-238/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Ar-38/Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-36 (2)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (2)
-
B-11/B-10 (2)
-
C-13/C-12 (17)
-
Cl-37/Cl-35 (2)
-
D/H (11)
-
deuterium (7)
-
He-3 (1)
-
He-4/He-3 (6)
-
Kr-84 (1)
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (1)
-
N-15/N-14 (2)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
Ne-22/Ne-20 (1)
-
Ne-22/Ne-21 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (16)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (13)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (5)
-
Xe-129 (1)
-
Xe-130/Xe-129 (1)
-
Xe-136/Xe-132 (1)
-
-
-
lava (28)
-
magmas (153)
-
mantle (48)
-
Mediterranean region
-
Aegean Islands
-
Greek Aegean Islands
-
Dodecanese (1)
-
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous (2)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Fruitland Formation (1)
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
-
Great Valley Sequence (1)
-
Jurassic
-
Ferrar Group (1)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Pliensbachian (1)
-
Toarcian (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Bajocian
-
Yakoun Group (1)
-
-
-
-
Serra Geral Formation (1)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (4)
-
-
Upper Triassic
-
Stormberg Series (1)
-
-
-
-
metal ores
-
antimony ores (1)
-
arsenic ores (1)
-
copper ores (8)
-
gold ores (7)
-
iron ores (1)
-
lead ores (2)
-
magnesium ores (1)
-
mercury ores (1)
-
molybdenum ores (2)
-
nickel ores (2)
-
platinum ores (1)
-
polymetallic ores (2)
-
rare earth deposits (1)
-
silver ores (1)
-
thorium ores (1)
-
tin ores (1)
-
uranium ores (2)
-
zinc ores (2)
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
thorium
-
Th-230/Ra-226 (1)
-
Th-232/Th-230 (1)
-
-
uranium
-
U-238/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
-
alkali metals
-
lithium (1)
-
rubidium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
calcium (3)
-
magnesium
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (1)
-
-
radium
-
Ra-226 (1)
-
Th-230/Ra-226 (1)
-
-
strontium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (5)
-
-
-
antimony (1)
-
arsenic (1)
-
bismuth (1)
-
chromium (2)
-
copper (2)
-
iron
-
ferric iron (3)
-
ferrous iron (4)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-210 (2)
-
U-238/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
molybdenum (1)
-
platinum group
-
platinum ores (1)
-
-
polonium (1)
-
precious metals (1)
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
-
-
tin (1)
-
zinc (2)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
cataclasites (1)
-
gneisses
-
paragneiss (1)
-
-
granulites (1)
-
impactites (1)
-
marbles (1)
-
metacarbonate rocks (1)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
paragneiss (1)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
skarn (1)
-
-
schists (2)
-
-
metamorphism (20)
-
metasomatism (29)
-
meteorites
-
Miller Range Meteorites (1)
-
stony meteorites
-
achondrites
-
Martian meteorites
-
SNC Meteorites
-
nakhlite (1)
-
-
-
-
chondrites
-
carbonaceous chondrites (1)
-
enstatite chondrites (1)
-
-
-
-
Mexico
-
Jalisco Mexico
-
Colima (1)
-
-
Popocatepetl (4)
-
Puebla Mexico (1)
-
Queretaro Mexico (1)
-
Trans-Mexican volcanic belt (3)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (17)
-
mineral exploration (1)
-
mineralogy (1)
-
minerals (3)
-
Mohorovicic discontinuity (3)
-
Moon (10)
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (2)
-
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-38/Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-36 (2)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (2)
-
-
helium
-
He-3 (1)
-
He-4/He-3 (6)
-
-
krypton
-
Kr-84 (1)
-
-
neon
-
Ne-22/Ne-20 (1)
-
Ne-22/Ne-21 (1)
-
-
radon
-
Rn-222 (3)
-
-
xenon
-
Xe-129 (1)
-
Xe-130/Xe-129 (1)
-
Xe-136/Xe-132 (1)
-
-
-
nodules (1)
-
nonmetal deposits (1)
-
North America
-
Canadian Shield
-
Grenville Province
-
Central Metasedimentary Belt (1)
-
-
Superior Province
-
Abitibi Belt (2)
-
Kapuskasing Zone (1)
-
-
-
Rocky Mountains
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
San Juan Mountains (2)
-
-
-
-
ocean circulation (1)
-
Ocean Drilling Program
-
Leg 130
-
ODP Site 803 (1)
-
ODP Site 807 (1)
-
-
Leg 192
-
ODP Site 1187 (1)
-
-
Leg 193 (1)
-
-
ocean floors (7)
-
Oceania
-
Melanesia
-
Vanuatu (1)
-
-
Micronesia
-
Mariana Islands (3)
-
-
Polynesia
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
-
Kilauea (9)
-
Mauna Kea (1)
-
-
-
Maui County Hawaii
-
Maui (1)
-
-
Mauna Loa (1)
-
-
Tonga (1)
-
-
-
orogeny (3)
-
oxygen
-
dissolved oxygen (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (16)
-
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Galapagos Rift (1)
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Cascadia Basin (1)
-
Gorda Rise (1)
-
Juan de Fuca Ridge (1)
-
-
Southeast Pacific
-
Lau Basin (3)
-
-
-
Equatorial Pacific (1)
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Cascadia Basin (1)
-
Gorda Rise (1)
-
Juan de Fuca Ridge (1)
-
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Izu-Bonin Arc (1)
-
Japan Sea
-
Ulleung Basin (1)
-
-
Kumano Basin (1)
-
Nankai Trough (1)
-
-
-
South Pacific
-
Southeast Pacific
-
Lau Basin (3)
-
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Bismarck Sea
-
Manus Basin (2)
-
-
North Fiji Basin (1)
-
-
-
West Pacific
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Izu-Bonin Arc (1)
-
Japan Sea
-
Ulleung Basin (1)
-
-
Kumano Basin (1)
-
Nankai Trough (1)
-
-
Ontong Java Plateau (2)
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Bismarck Sea
-
Manus Basin (2)
-
-
North Fiji Basin (1)
-
-
-
-
paleoclimatology (12)
-
paleoecology (7)
-
paleogeography (2)
-
paleomagnetism (2)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Lower Cambrian (1)
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Mississippian (1)
-
Namurian (1)
-
-
Devonian (1)
-
lower Paleozoic (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Antelope Valley Limestone (1)
-
Lower Ordovician (1)
-
Lushs Bight Group (1)
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Darriwilian (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Ecca Group (1)
-
Lower Permian (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (4)
-
-
Whitehill Formation (1)
-
-
Silurian
-
Upper Silurian (1)
-
-
-
palynomorphs (1)
-
paragenesis (2)
-
petroleum
-
natural gas (1)
-
-
petrology (5)
-
Phanerozoic (4)
-
phase equilibria (25)
-
phosphorus (1)
-
planetology (2)
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
diatoms (1)
-
-
-
plate tectonics (23)
-
pollution (3)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Neoarchean
-
Jiaodong Group (1)
-
-
-
Hadean (6)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Great Oxidation Event (1)
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (1)
-
Sturtian (1)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Virginia Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
-
remote sensing (8)
-
sea water (8)
-
sea-floor spreading (4)
-
sea-level changes (2)
-
sedimentary petrology (2)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
beachrock (2)
-
limestone (1)
-
travertine (2)
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
evaporites (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
black shale (1)
-
shale (1)
-
-
coal (2)
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
biogenic structures
-
stromatolites (1)
-
-
planar bedding structures
-
hummocky cross-stratification (1)
-
-
secondary structures
-
geodes (1)
-
-
soft sediment deformation (1)
-
-
sedimentation (3)
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
dust (1)
-
mud (1)
-
sand (1)
-
-
marine sediments (4)
-
peat (1)
-
-
selenium (1)
-
soils (4)
-
Solomon Islands (1)
-
South America
-
Amazon River (1)
-
Andes
-
Galeras (2)
-
Northern Andes (1)
-
Tungurahua (1)
-
Villarrica (1)
-
-
Argentina (1)
-
Bolivia (2)
-
Brazil
-
Rio Grande do Sul Brazil (1)
-
-
Chile
-
Villarrica (1)
-
-
Colombia
-
Galeras (2)
-
Nevado del Ruiz (1)
-
-
Ecuador
-
Tungurahua (1)
-
-
Parana Basin (1)
-
Peru (1)
-
-
Southern Ocean (1)
-
spectroscopy (9)
-
springs (14)
-
stratosphere (1)
-
structural analysis (1)
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (13)
-
-
Sun (1)
-
tectonics
-
neotectonics (6)
-
-
tectonophysics (2)
-
tellurium (1)
-
thermal waters (10)
-
United States
-
Alaska
-
Alaska Peninsula (1)
-
Aleutian Islands (1)
-
Aniakchak (1)
-
Novarupta (2)
-
Pavlof (1)
-
-
Arizona
-
Coconino County Arizona (1)
-
Mohave County Arizona (1)
-
Pima County Arizona (1)
-
-
California
-
Central California (1)
-
Mono County California
-
Inyo Domes (1)
-
Long Valley Caldera (1)
-
Mono Craters (3)
-
-
Monterey County California (1)
-
Salinian Block (1)
-
San Luis Obispo County California (1)
-
-
Colorado
-
Clear Creek County Colorado (1)
-
-
Colorado Plateau (3)
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
-
Kilauea (9)
-
Mauna Kea (1)
-
-
-
Maui County Hawaii
-
Maui (1)
-
-
Mauna Loa (1)
-
-
Idaho (2)
-
Minnesota
-
Beltrami County Minnesota (1)
-
Duluth Complex (1)
-
Koochiching County Minnesota (1)
-
Saint Louis County Minnesota (1)
-
-
Montana
-
Cascade County Montana (1)
-
Chouteau County Montana (1)
-
-
Nevada
-
Nye County Nevada
-
Yucca Mountain (1)
-
-
-
New Hampshire (1)
-
New Mexico
-
Datil-Mogollon volcanic field (1)
-
San Juan County New Mexico (1)
-
Sandoval County New Mexico (1)
-
Valles Caldera (1)
-
-
Oregon
-
Klamath County Oregon
-
Mount Mazama (1)
-
-
-
Pennsylvania
-
Lancaster County Pennsylvania (1)
-
-
Texas (1)
-
Trans-Pecos (1)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
San Juan Mountains (2)
-
-
Utah
-
Beaver County Utah (1)
-
Grand County Utah (1)
-
Tintic mining district (1)
-
-
Washington
-
Skamania County Washington
-
Mount Saint Helens (6)
-
-
-
Western U.S. (1)
-
Wyoming (1)
-
-
volcanology (10)
-
waste disposal (2)
-
water resources (1)
-
weathering (8)
-
West Pacific Ocean Islands
-
Kermadec Islands (1)
-
-
-
rock formations
-
Alpine Schist (1)
-
Botucatu Formation (1)
-
Catalina Schist (1)
-
Deccan Traps (2)
-
Emeishan Basalts (1)
-
Karoo Supergroup (2)
-
Siberian Traps (5)
-
Younger Granites (1)
-
-
sedimentary rocks
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
beachrock (2)
-
limestone (1)
-
travertine (2)
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
evaporites (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
black shale (1)
-
shale (1)
-
-
coal (2)
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
mounds (1)
-
sedimentary structures
-
biogenic structures
-
stromatolites (1)
-
-
planar bedding structures
-
hummocky cross-stratification (1)
-
-
secondary structures
-
geodes (1)
-
-
soft sediment deformation (1)
-
-
-
sediments
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
dust (1)
-
mud (1)
-
sand (1)
-
-
marine sediments (4)
-
peat (1)
-
-
-
soils
-
paleosols (1)
-
soils (4)
-
GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
degassing
Titanomagnetite Rims on Hornblende Phenocrysts in Intermediate Subvolcanic Intrusions, Torud–Ahmad Abad Magmatic Belt, Iran: Examination of Devolatilization and Oxidation Processes Open Access
Mechanisms of fluid degassing in shallow magma chambers control the formation of porphyry deposits Available to Purchase
The Significance of Hypermagnesian Clinopyroxene in the Yanisvaara Ultrabasic Complex, Kola Peninsula, Russia Available to Purchase
The Hydrological Impact of Historical and Modern Earthquakes in Central‐Southern Italy: Data Analysis and Seismotectonic Insights Available to Purchase
Lava flow-hosted reservoirs: a review Open Access
Abstract Lava flows form important fluid reservoirs and have been extensively exploited for water aquifers, geothermal energy, hydrocarbon production and, more recently, for carbon storage. Effusive subaerial mafic to intermediate lava flows account for vast rock volumes globally, and form reservoirs with properties dictated by well-known lava flow facies ranging from pāhoehoe through several transitional forms to ‘a’ā lava. These variations in flow type lead to critical differences in the pore structure, distribution, connectivity, strength and fracturing of individual lava flows, which, alongside lava flow package architectures, determine primary reservoir potential. Lava flow margins with vesicular, fracture and often autobreccia-hosted pore structures can have porosities commonly exceeding 40% and matrix permeabilities over 10 −11 m 2 (>10 D) separated by much lower porosity and permeability flow interiors. Secondary post-emplacement physicochemical changes related to fracturing, meteoric, diagenetic and hydrothermal alteration can significantly modify reservoir potential through a complex interplay of mineral transformation, pore-clogging secondary minerals and dissolution, which must be carefully characterized and assessed during exploration and appraisal. Within this contribution, a review of selected global lava flow-hosted reservoir occurrences is presented, followed by a discussion of the factors that influence lava flow reservoir potential.
The Geological History of Water: From Earth’s Accretion to the Modern Deep Water Cycle Open Access
Exoplanet Geology: What Can We Learn from Current and Future Observations? Available to Purchase
Magmatic degassing and fluid metasomatism promote compositional variation from I-type to peralkaline A-type granite in the late Cretaceous Fuzhou felsic complex, SE China Available to Purchase
Carbon cycling during the India-Asia collision revealed by δ 26 Mg–δ 66 Zn–δ 98 Mo evidence from ultrapotassic volcanoes in NW Tibet Available to Purchase
Assessing the relative threats from Canadian volcanoes Open Access
Duration of Sturtian “Snowball Earth” glaciation linked to exceptionally low mid-ocean ridge outgassing Open Access
Rare earth element transport and mineralization linked to fluids from carbonatite systems Open Access
Changing hazard awareness over two decades: the case of Furnas, São Miguel (Azores) Available to Purchase
Abstract Furnas (c. 1500 inhabitants) lies within the caldera of Furnas volcano on the island of São Miguel (Azores) and has the potential to expose its inhabitants to multiple hazards (e.g. landslides, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and degassing). The present population has never experienced a volcanic eruption or a major earthquake, although the catalogue records six eruptions, sub-Plinian in style, over the last 2 kyr. Today, the area experiences strong fumarolic activity. In the case of an eruption, early evacuation would be necessary to prevent inhabitants from being trapped within the caldera. An awareness of potential threats and knowledge of what to do in the case of an emergency would assist in evacuation. In this paper, inhabitants’ awareness of volcanic and seismic threats in 2017 is compared with that revealed in a similar study completed more than two decades ago. It is concluded that whereas awareness of earthquakes and the dangers posed by volcanic gas discharge has increased, knowledge of the threat of volcanic eruptions and the need to prepare for possible evacuation has not. Research suggests that the changing awareness is related to effective collaboration that has developed between the regional government, through its civil protection authorities and scientists, and the people of Furnas.