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lead
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rare earths
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noble gases
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radon (1)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (2)
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fossils
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cyanobacteria (1)
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Invertebrata
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Brachiopoda (1)
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Echinodermata
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Mollusca
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Porifera
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Protista
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Foraminifera (10)
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microfossils
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Conodonta (2)
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Plantae
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Rhodophyta
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Spermatophyta (1)
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problematic fossils
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geochronology methods
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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middle Holocene (1)
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Preboreal (1)
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upper Holocene
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Pleistocene
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lower Pleistocene (1)
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Matuyama Chron (1)
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upper Pleistocene
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Weichselian
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Loch Lomond Stade (1)
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upper Weichselian
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Allerod (1)
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Bolling (1)
-
-
-
Wisconsinan
-
upper Wisconsinan (1)
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary
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Pinedale Glaciation (1)
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Siwalik System (1)
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Stone Age
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Paleolithic (1)
-
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Tertiary
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middle Tertiary (1)
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Neogene
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Capistrano Formation (1)
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Miocene
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Columbia River Basalt Group (1)
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lower Miocene
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-
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upper Miocene
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Messinian (2)
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-
-
Pliocene
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Gauss Chron (1)
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lower Pliocene (2)
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upper Pliocene (3)
-
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Purisima Formation (1)
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-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
Green River Formation (1)
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lower Eocene
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Ypresian
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London Clay (1)
-
-
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Matilija Formation (1)
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middle Eocene
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Barton Clay (1)
-
-
upper Eocene (1)
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lower Paleogene (1)
-
Oligocene (3)
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
Danian (2)
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
-
Wasatch Formation (2)
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (2)
-
Yakataga Formation (1)
-
-
Dalradian (1)
-
Laurentide ice sheet (2)
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Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Logan Canyon Formation (1)
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Aptian (3)
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Hauterivian (2)
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McMurray Formation (2)
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Missisauga Formation (1)
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Valanginian (2)
-
-
Tananao Schist (1)
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Upper Cretaceous
-
Campanian (3)
-
Judith River Formation (1)
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K-T boundary (1)
-
Maestrichtian (3)
-
Maevarano Formation (1)
-
Mooreville Chalk (1)
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Pierre Shale (2)
-
Rosario Formation (1)
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Senonian (5)
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Two Medicine Formation (1)
-
-
-
Franciscan Complex (2)
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Great Valley Sequence (1)
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Jurassic
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Aztec Sandstone (1)
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Coast Range Ophiolite (1)
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Lower Jurassic
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Laberge Group (1)
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Toarcian (1)
-
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Upper Jurassic
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Kimmeridge Clay (1)
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Kimmeridgian (1)
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-
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Triassic
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Lower Triassic (1)
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Moenkopi Formation (1)
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Upper Triassic
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Carnian (1)
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Rhaetian (1)
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-
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MIS 5 (1)
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Lower Cambrian
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Kinzers Formation (1)
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Middle Cambrian (1)
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Upper Cambrian (2)
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Carboniferous
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Jackfork Group (1)
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Lower Carboniferous
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Dinantian (1)
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Mississippian
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Chainman Shale (1)
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Lower Mississippian
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Pocono Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Mississippian
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Greenbrier Limestone (1)
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Mauch Chunk Formation (1)
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian
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Middle Pennsylvanian
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Moscovian (1)
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Paradox Formation (1)
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-
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Tesnus Formation (1)
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Upper Carboniferous (3)
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Cow Head Group (2)
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Devonian
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Middle Devonian
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Elk Point Group (1)
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Nahanni Formation (1)
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Prairie Evaporite (2)
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Upper Devonian
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Famennian (2)
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Frasnian (2)
-
-
-
lower Paleozoic (2)
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middle Paleozoic (1)
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Ordovician
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Lower Ordovician
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Beekmantown Group (1)
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Manx Group (1)
-
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Darriwilian (1)
-
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Juniata Formation (1)
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Reedsville Formation (1)
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Sandbian (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Cutler Formation (2)
-
Lower Permian
-
Leonardian
-
Bone Spring Limestone (1)
-
-
-
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Tuscarora Formation (1)
-
-
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Dwyka Formation (1)
-
Fountain Formation (1)
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Garhwal Group (1)
-
-
-
Phanerozoic (1)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
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Neoarchean (1)
-
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Newland Limestone (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Blaini Formation (1)
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Vendian (1)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic (2)
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
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extrusive rocks (1)
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igneous rocks
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plutonic rocks
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granites (1)
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volcanic rocks
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andesites (2)
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basalts
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alkali basalts
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mugearite (1)
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flood basalts (1)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (1)
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dacites (1)
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glasses (1)
-
pyroclastics
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ignimbrite (2)
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tuff (5)
-
-
rhyodacites (1)
-
rhyolites (2)
-
-
-
ophiolite (3)
-
volcanic ash (6)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
gneisses
-
paragneiss (1)
-
-
impactites
-
impact breccia
-
suevite (1)
-
-
-
jadeitite (1)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
serpentinite (2)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
metachert (1)
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metapelite (1)
-
metasandstone (2)
-
paragneiss (1)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
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serpentinite (2)
-
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metavolcanic rocks (1)
-
quartzites (1)
-
schists
-
blueschist (1)
-
-
slates (2)
-
-
ophiolite (3)
-
turbidite (58)
-
-
minerals
-
carbonates
-
aragonite (1)
-
calcite (2)
-
dolomite (1)
-
pyroaurite (1)
-
-
minerals (1)
-
oxides
-
sapphire (1)
-
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group (1)
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
jadeite (1)
-
-
-
wollastonite group
-
pectolite (2)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
K-feldspar (1)
-
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
zircon group
-
zircon (6)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
lawsonite (1)
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (1)
-
-
clay minerals
-
montmorillonite (1)
-
saponite (1)
-
smectite (2)
-
stevensite (2)
-
-
mica group
-
biotite (1)
-
-
serpentine group
-
chrysotile (2)
-
lizardite (1)
-
serpentine (2)
-
-
-
-
sulfates
-
anhydrite (1)
-
gypsum (2)
-
-
sulfides
-
pyrite (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (43)
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Angola (3)
-
-
East Africa
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Ethiopia (1)
-
Kenya (1)
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Lake Malawi (1)
-
Malawi (1)
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-
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East African Lakes
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-
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East African Rift (1)
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Madagascar (1)
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North Africa
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Morocco (2)
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-
-
Southern Africa
-
South Africa
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Cape fold belt (1)
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Western Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Nigeria
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Niger Delta (1)
-
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Sierra Leone (1)
-
-
-
Antarctica
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Amundsen Sea (1)
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Antarctic ice sheet
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Victoria Land
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McMurdo dry valleys (1)
-
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West Antarctica (1)
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Wilkes Land (1)
-
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Arctic Ocean
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Alpha Cordillera (2)
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Norwegian Sea
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Voring Basin (1)
-
-
-
Arctic region
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Greenland
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Scoresby Sund (1)
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Svalbard (1)
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Asia
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Altai Mountains
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Gorny Altai (1)
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Altai Russian Federation
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Chuya Basin (1)
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Gorny Altai (1)
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Central Asia
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Fergana Basin (1)
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Euphrates River (1)
-
Far East
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Borneo
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Brunei (1)
-
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China
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Chongqing China (1)
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Gansu China (3)
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Hebei China
-
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-
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Hong Kong (2)
-
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-
Qinghai China (1)
-
Qinling Mountains (1)
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Shaanxi China (1)
-
Sichuan China
-
Wenchuan China (1)
-
-
Xinjiang China
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Junggar Basin (1)
-
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Yangtze Three Gorges (1)
-
Yunnan China (1)
-
-
Indonesia (1)
-
Japan
-
Honshu
-
Chiba Peninsula (1)
-
Niigata Japan
-
Shinano River (1)
-
-
-
Kyushu
-
Kagoshima Japan
-
Oshima
-
Amami-O-shima (1)
-
-
-
Kumamoto Japan (1)
-
-
Ryukyu Islands
-
Oshima
-
Amami-O-shima (1)
-
-
-
-
Korea
-
South Korea
-
Pohang South Korea (1)
-
-
-
Lesser Sunda Islands
-
Timor
-
East Timor (1)
-
-
-
Philippine Islands
-
Luzon
-
Mayon (2)
-
-
Samar (1)
-
-
Taiwan
-
Chelungpu Fault (1)
-
-
-
Himalayas
-
Garhwal Himalayas (1)
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Lesser Himalayas (1)
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Mount Everest (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
Bhutan (1)
-
India
-
Ghats
-
Western Ghats (2)
-
-
Himachal Pradesh India (1)
-
Kerala India (1)
-
Maharashtra India (1)
-
Uttar Pradesh India (1)
-
Uttarakhand India
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Chamoli India (2)
-
Dehradun India (1)
-
Garhwal Himalayas (1)
-
Garhwal India (1)
-
Uttarkashi India
-
Gangotri Glacier (1)
-
-
-
-
Jammu and Kashmir
-
Jammu (1)
-
Kashmir (1)
-
Ladakh (3)
-
-
Nepal
-
Kathmandu Nepal (2)
-
-
Pakistan (2)
-
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Karakoram (1)
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Kyrgyzstan (1)
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Main Central Thrust (1)
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Middle East
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Dead Sea (1)
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Iran (1)
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Israel (1)
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Lebanon (1)
-
Turkey
-
North Anatolian Fault (2)
-
-
-
Tibetan Plateau (1)
-
Tien Shan
-
Alai Range (1)
-
-
Uzbekistan (1)
-
-
associations (1)
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
East Atlantic (1)
-
North Atlantic
-
Amazon Fan (1)
-
Caribbean Sea
-
Nicaragua Rise (1)
-
-
Exuma Sound (1)
-
Gulf of Mexico
-
Mississippi Canyon (1)
-
Mississippi Fan (4)
-
-
Hudson Strait (1)
-
North Sea
-
Norwegian Channel (1)
-
Viking Graben (1)
-
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Northeast Atlantic
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Ocean Drilling Program
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Leg 160
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ocean floors (27)
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Silurian
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
debris flows
Empirical Analysis of Landslide Runout in Late Pleistocene Glacial Strata in the Eastern Salish Lowland, Washington
Potential for Events Similar to the Deadly West Salt Creek Landslide, Grand Mesa Area, Colorado
Field Validation of the First Recorded Historically Major ( M w >7) Earthquake in China Based on the Age of the Landslide‐Dammed Lake
Landslide Warning Area Delineation through Seismic Signals and Landslide Characteristics: Insights from the Silabaku Landslide in Southern Taiwan
Tectonic geomorphology and Quaternary slip history of the Fuyun fault, southwestern Altai Mountains, central Asia
Detrital signatures of clastic serpentinite in tectonically diverse settings and interpretation of an example from the Northern Apennines
Abstract This study documents a variety of deposits created by submarine landslides within the Upper Cretaceous to lowermost Paleocene Chalk Group in the Danish Central Graben and investigates the impact of remobilization on porosity. Improved visualization of the landslides in 3D seismic data compared with previous studies was facilitated by better seismic data quality for the Chalk Group, the availability of a large stack of stratigraphy-consistent horizons and the use of spectral decomposition data. The illustrated examples are chosen to reflect the spectrum of deformation styles seen in the chalk and all have a well penetrating the affected succession. They include a large collapse (375 km 2 ) of an inversion ridge within the Kraka and Gorm formations, a field of large slide blocks (100–1000 m, 10–26 m) of likely lowermost Danian age embedded in the uppermost Ekofisk Formation, a debris flow system within the uppermost Tor Formation probably originating from the Ringkøbing–Fyn High and fine-grained bottom current sediment waves within the lowermost Danian Ekofisk Formation. In general, porosities are higher (10–25 porosity units) in the remobilized chalk compared with time-equivalent pelagic chalk in nearby reference wells. In earlier studies this has been linked to lack of bioturbation (resulting in limited grain repacking) in the remobilized chalks owing to high sedimentation rates, resulting in a relatively open fabric during initial burial. In contrast, surrounding and covering pelagic deposits could be much more effectively bioturbated, leading to tighter grain packing during burial. The insights of this study help in the seismic characterization of mud-grade carbonate oozes and have important applications in the reservoir modelling of mud-grade carbonate reservoirs (also in light of carbon capture and storage), and in palaeo-reconstructions of pelagic seafloors since submarine landslides provide kinematic indicators.
Abstract Mass transport deposits have long been known on the Exmouth Plateau, offshore NW Australia, identified in 2D and 3D industry seismic lines. The expedition SO257 in 2017 collected 30 high-resolution, shallow seismic lines along targeted transects on the northern Australian margin. Many of these imaged mass transport deposits, with the top 700–800 m of the section captured in detail not available with industry seismic data. We present nine new high-resolution seismic lines from three separate areas of the North West Shelf. Slides in the Roebuck Basin show complex anastomosing ductile extensional mechanisms, with multiple slip surfaces and no headscarps or adjacent faults. Slides on the Exmouth Plateau have fault control, with surface fault offsets of up to 300 m, indicating seismicity as a likely triggering mechanism. Slumps along the western margin of Western Australia are more limited in extent, associated with surface notches, with indications of previous activity at depth. All areas show a repeated history of mass transport deposits. The area of the active landslide province offshore of NW Australia is far larger than the individual slides recognized on the Exmouth Plateau.
The John Mitchell Lecture 2023: road asset, socio-economic and fatality risk from debris flow
Debris flow at Luib on the A87 strategic road: Isle of Skye, Scotland
Nature and Origin of a Massive Sulfide Occurrence in the Karrat Group: Evidence for Paleoproterozoic VMS Mineralization in Central West Greenland
Debris-slides, olistoliths and turbidites: keys to understanding the tectonostratigraphic affinities of a terrane block in a young orogenic belt, Timor-Leste
Holocene gigascale rock avalanches in Vaigat strait, West Greenland—Implications for geohazard
Evidence of Seattle Fault Earthquakes from Patterns in Deep‐Seated Landslides
Grain-size variability in debris flows of different runout lengths, Wenchuan, China
Alluvial fans offer a means to unravel the intricacies of landscape, tectonic, and climatic dynamics. This book and accompanying geologic map highlight alluvial fans and their deposits exemplified by a suite of debris-flow alluvial fans emanating from the Holocene-active western range front of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains in south-central Colorado. The link between morphologies of fan surfaces and the sedimentary facies of their deposits permits a basis for evolutionary process interpretation of debris-flow alluvial fan geomorphology. A grasp of these processes will help earth scientists better discern complexities between buried paleo-surfaces (intraformational progressive unconformities), surficial deformation, and landform development as recorded in debris-flow fan deposits in the sedimentary record.