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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Asia
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Far East
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China
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Datong China (11)
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Jilin China (1)
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North China Platform (3)
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Shanxi China (9)
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Sichuan China (1)
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Xinjiang China (1)
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Yunnan China
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Tengchong (1)
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Sino-Korean Platform (1)
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Tien Shan (1)
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Pacific Ocean
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North Pacific
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Northwest Pacific
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South China Sea (1)
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West Pacific
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Northwest Pacific
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South China Sea (1)
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commodities
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clay deposits (1)
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coal deposits (1)
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graphite deposits (1)
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mineral deposits, genesis (1)
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mineral exploration (1)
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elements, isotopes
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chemical ratios (1)
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isotope ratios (1)
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isotopes
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stable isotopes
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
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metals
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alkaline earth metals
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
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platinum group
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osmium (1)
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rare earths
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lanthanum (1)
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neodymium
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
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ytterbium (1)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary (2)
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Tertiary (1)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous (1)
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Jurassic
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Middle Jurassic (1)
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Triassic (1)
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Paleozoic
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Carboniferous
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Upper Carboniferous (1)
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Taiyuan Formation (1)
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igneous rocks
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igneous rocks
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plutonic rocks
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lamprophyres (1)
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ultramafics
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pyroxenite (1)
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volcanic rocks
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basalts
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alkali basalts (1)
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tholeiitic basalt (1)
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pyroclastics
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pumice (1)
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metamorphic rocks
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metamorphic rocks
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gneisses (1)
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minerals
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carbonates (1)
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silicates
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chain silicates
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pyroxene group
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clinopyroxene (1)
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orthosilicates
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nesosilicates
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olivine group
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olivine (1)
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sheet silicates
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clay minerals
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kaolinite (1)
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mica group
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phlogopite (1)
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Primary terms
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Asia
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Far East
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China
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Datong China (11)
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Jilin China (1)
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North China Platform (3)
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Shanxi China (9)
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Sichuan China (1)
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Xinjiang China (1)
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Yunnan China
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Tengchong (1)
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Sino-Korean Platform (1)
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Tien Shan (1)
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary (2)
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Tertiary (1)
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clay deposits (1)
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clay mineralogy (1)
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coal deposits (1)
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deformation (1)
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faults (1)
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geochemistry (2)
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geophysical methods (2)
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graphite deposits (1)
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igneous rocks
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plutonic rocks
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lamprophyres (1)
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ultramafics
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pyroxenite (1)
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volcanic rocks
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basalts
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alkali basalts (1)
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tholeiitic basalt (1)
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pyroclastics
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pumice (1)
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inclusions (1)
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isotopes
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stable isotopes
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
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land subsidence (1)
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lexicons (1)
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magmas (1)
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mantle (3)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous (1)
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Jurassic
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Middle Jurassic (1)
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Triassic (1)
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metals
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alkaline earth metals
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
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platinum group
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osmium (1)
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rare earths
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lanthanum (1)
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neodymium
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
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ytterbium (1)
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metamorphic rocks
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gneisses (1)
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metasomatism (1)
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mineral deposits, genesis (1)
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mineral exploration (1)
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Pacific Ocean
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North Pacific
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Northwest Pacific
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South China Sea (1)
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West Pacific
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Northwest Pacific
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South China Sea (1)
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Paleozoic
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Carboniferous
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Upper Carboniferous (1)
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Taiyuan Formation (1)
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rock mechanics (1)
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sedimentary rocks
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clastic rocks
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argillite (1)
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claystone (1)
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sandstone (1)
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coal (3)
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sedimentary structures
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planar bedding structures
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cross-bedding (1)
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weathering (1)
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sedimentary rocks
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sedimentary rocks
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clastic rocks
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argillite (1)
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claystone (1)
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sandstone (1)
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coal (3)
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sedimentary structures
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sedimentary structures
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planar bedding structures
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cross-bedding (1)
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Datong China
Geochemical characteristics and indication of graphite deposits in Xinrong Region, Shanxi, China
Abstract Cenozoic intraplate basalts are widespread above the Big Mantle Wedge (BMW) and its front in East Asia. While the mantle source lithology and redox-hydration state have been demonstrated to be crucial in the generation of basalts above the BMW, their nature and role in the basalts above the front of the BMW is poorly constrained. To address this, we report olivine compositions of the Quaternary Datong basalts. Datong basalts exhibit ocean island basalt-like trace-element compositions and depleted Sr–Nd isotopes with slightly enriched signatures (enriched mantle I, EMI) for tholeiitic basalts. Olivines of the Datong basalts show high Ni and Fe/Mn, and low Ca, Mn and Mn/Zn values, pointing to a pyroxenite source. Applying V and Ca partition coefficients between olivine and whole rock, respectively, the Datong basalts lie −0.44 to 0.64 log units above the fayalite–magnetite–quartz buffer for f O 2 , and contain 2.1–3.4 wt% H 2 O but highly variable H 2 O/Ce values (265–1498). Both f O 2 and H 2 O/Ce in the basalts vary with whole-rock and olivine compositions, indicating that the source was the main control. Thus, there is a heterogeneous redox–hydration state in the source, the EMI component being relatively reduced but extremely wet and recycled oceanic crust being relatively oxidized but dry. The extremely wet EMI component was probably derived from the mantle transition zone. In the light of our findings, we propose a model in which mantle upwelling carried the recycled oceanic crust and EMI component from the mantle transitional zone to shallow mantle, owing to the Pacific slab stagnating in the mantle transitional zone, to form pyroxenite, which subsequently melted to generate Datong basalts.
Abstract In this study, we collect and translate observations and witness accounts suggestive of volcanic eruptions in ancient and modern China. The documents from the literature covered confirmed volcanic eruptions and suspected volcanic events. Recorded events concerning Tianchi ( c. 946 AD), Wudalianchi (1720, 1721) and Ashikule (1951) volcanoes relate to confirmed volcanic eruptions. Detailed records of Tianchi eruptions in historical documents span from 946 to 1903 AD. The real-time observations of the 1720–21 eruptions recorded by the government are presented. They describe a violent explosion and the development of lava flows at Laoheishan volcano. Evidence for events suggestive of volcanic activity are also presented for Dayingshan (1609, Tengchong), Man'anling (1883, Haikou), Chahayan (Heilongjiang), the South China Sea, Kui-shan Tao (late 1770s, Taiwan) and Penjia Islet (19 May 1916 and 29 June 1927, Taiwan). However, some supposed historical volcanic activities including Helanshan (Ningxia), Datong volcano, Rendagou (Sichuan) and Shizishan (Hunan) remain highly suspect according to their unclear positions and rough geological settings. These events may arise from the spontaneous combustion of coal. Records in Tianshan and Beiting Beishan (Xinjiang) may represent mud volcanoes. One case of an ancient Chinese Fengshui master interpreting geological processes from mythology is helpful when inspecting volcanology-related myths.