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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
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Blake Plateau
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Blake Nose (1)
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Gulf of Mexico (1)
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Black Hills (2)
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Black Mesa (4)
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Caballo Mountains (1)
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Canada
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Western Canada
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Chama Basin (1)
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Europe
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Southern Europe
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Portugal
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Front Range (4)
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Green River basin (2)
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North America
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Appalachians (2)
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Dakota Aquifer (1)
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Great Plains (2)
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Gulf Coastal Plain (1)
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North American Cordillera (2)
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Rocky Mountains
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Western Interior
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Western Overthrust Belt (1)
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San Andres Mountains (1)
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United States
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Arizona
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Navajo County Arizona (1)
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Arkansas River valley (1)
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Colorado
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Archuleta County Colorado (1)
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Denver County Colorado
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Jackson County Colorado (1)
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Larimer County Colorado (2)
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Iowa
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Kansas
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Minnesota
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Missouri (1)
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New Mexico
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Grants mineral belt (1)
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North Dakota
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Oklahoma
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Ouachita Mountains (1)
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Paradox Basin (1)
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Powder River basin (7)
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Sevier orogenic belt (1)
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South Dakota
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Union County South Dakota (1)
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Southwestern U.S. (1)
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Uinta Basin (3)
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Utah
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Carbon County Utah (1)
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Garfield County Utah (1)
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Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (1)
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Henry Mountains (2)
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Washington
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Western U.S. (2)
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Wisconsin (1)
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Johnson County Wyoming (1)
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Laramie Basin (1)
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Rock Springs Uplift (1)
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Sublette County Wyoming (1)
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Weston County Wyoming (1)
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Yavapai Province (1)
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Wind River basin (1)
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commodities
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energy sources (4)
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metal ores
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mineral deposits, genesis (3)
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oil and gas fields (5)
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petroleum
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tight sands (2)
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elements, isotopes
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carbon
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C-13 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (5)
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isotope ratios (6)
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isotopes
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stable isotopes
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C-13 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (5)
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O-18/O-16 (4)
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metals
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actinides
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uranium (1)
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alkaline earth metals
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barium (1)
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calcium (1)
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strontium (1)
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lead (1)
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manganese (1)
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rare earths
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cerium (1)
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-
-
oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (4)
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-
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fossils
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Pisces
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Chondrichthyes
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Elasmobranchii
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Selachii (1)
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Tetrapoda
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Reptilia
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Diapsida
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Archosauria
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dinosaurs
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Ornithischia
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Ornithopoda (1)
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Saurischia
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Theropoda (1)
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ichnofossils
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Teichichnus (1)
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Thalassinoides (1)
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Invertebrata
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Arthropoda (1)
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Inarticulata (1)
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Cnidaria
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Anthozoa (1)
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Mollusca
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Bivalvia
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Ostreoidea
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Ostreidae
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Ostrea (1)
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Pterioida
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Pteriina
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Inocerami
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Inoceramidae
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Inoceramus (1)
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Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea
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Ammonites (1)
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Gastropoda (1)
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Scaphopoda (1)
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Protista
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Foraminifera (3)
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Thecamoeba (1)
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Vermes
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Annelida (1)
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-
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microfossils (16)
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palynomorphs
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megaspores (2)
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miospores
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pollen (2)
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-
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Plantae
-
algae
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nannofossils (1)
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Pteridophyta (1)
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Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae (4)
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-
-
tracks (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
K/Ar (2)
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Rb/Sr (1)
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U/Pb (3)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
upper Quaternary (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Florissant Lake Beds (1)
-
Paleogene
-
Claron Formation (1)
-
Wasatch Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Bisbee Group (1)
-
Cretaceous
-
Dakota Formation (105)
-
Graneros Shale (4)
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian
-
upper Albian (2)
-
-
Aptian (1)
-
Bear River Formation (1)
-
Burro Canyon Formation (5)
-
Cedar Mountain Formation (2)
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Cheyenne Sandstone (2)
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Fall River Formation (2)
-
Kiowa Formation (4)
-
Mowry Shale (4)
-
Muddy Sandstone (4)
-
Skull Creek Shale (2)
-
-
Mancos Shale (8)
-
Middle Cretaceous (7)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Carlile Shale (2)
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Castlegate Sandstone (1)
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Cenomanian
-
upper Cenomanian (1)
-
-
Codell Sandstone Member (1)
-
Crevasse Canyon Formation (1)
-
Ferron Sandstone Member (1)
-
Frontier Formation (4)
-
Fruitland Formation (1)
-
Gallup Sandstone (1)
-
Greenhorn Limestone (5)
-
Gulfian
-
Woodbine Formation (1)
-
-
Hell Creek Formation (1)
-
Kaiparowits Formation (1)
-
Lewis Shale (1)
-
Mesaverde Group (5)
-
Niobrara Formation (1)
-
Pictured Cliffs Sandstone (2)
-
Pierre Shale (1)
-
Straight Cliffs Formation (3)
-
Tropic Shale (5)
-
Turonian
-
middle Turonian (1)
-
-
Tuscaloosa Formation (1)
-
Wahweap Formation (2)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Carmel Formation (1)
-
Lower Jurassic (3)
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Summerville Formation (1)
-
-
Twin Creek Limestone (2)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Brushy Basin Member (3)
-
Entrada Sandstone (2)
-
Morrison Formation (9)
-
Sundance Formation (1)
-
-
-
Navajo Sandstone (2)
-
Nugget Sandstone (2)
-
Triassic (2)
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Tapeats Sandstone (1)
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Mississippian
-
Madison Group (1)
-
-
Pennsylvanian (1)
-
-
Minnelusa Formation (2)
-
Ordovician
-
Middle Ordovician (1)
-
-
Permian
-
Kaibab Formation (1)
-
Lower Permian
-
Abo Formation (1)
-
Wolfcampian
-
Hueco Limestone (1)
-
-
-
Lyons Sandstone (2)
-
Phosphoria Formation (1)
-
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Fountain Formation (1)
-
-
Weber Sandstone (1)
-
-
Precambrian
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic (1)
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
kimberlite (1)
-
volcanic rocks
-
pyroclastics
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tuff (1)
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-
-
-
volcanic ash (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metasedimentary rocks (1)
-
-
-
minerals
-
carbonates
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siderite (2)
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sphaerosiderite (3)
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minerals (2)
-
oxides
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uraninite (1)
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-
phosphates
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apatite (1)
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goyazite (1)
-
-
silicates
-
orthosilicates
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nesosilicates
-
zircon group
-
zircon (3)
-
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
clay minerals
-
kaolinite (1)
-
smectite (2)
-
-
illite (2)
-
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (6)
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Blake Plateau
-
Blake Nose (1)
-
-
Gulf of Mexico (1)
-
-
-
Canada
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta (1)
-
Manitoba (1)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (5)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
upper Quaternary (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Florissant Lake Beds (1)
-
Paleogene
-
Claron Formation (1)
-
Wasatch Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Pisces
-
Chondrichthyes
-
Elasmobranchii
-
Selachii (1)
-
-
-
-
Tetrapoda
-
Reptilia
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
dinosaurs
-
Ornithischia
-
Ornithopoda (1)
-
-
Saurischia
-
Theropoda (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
clay mineralogy (4)
-
climate change (2)
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data processing (2)
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deformation (1)
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diagenesis (6)
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economic geology (18)
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electron microscopy (1)
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energy sources (4)
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engineering geology (1)
-
Europe
-
Southern Europe
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Iberian Peninsula
-
Portugal
-
Algarve (1)
-
-
-
-
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faults (3)
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folds (3)
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fractures (3)
-
geochemistry (7)
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geosynclines (1)
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ground water (5)
-
heat flow (2)
-
hydrogeology (2)
-
ichnofossils
-
Teichichnus (1)
-
Thalassinoides (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
kimberlite (1)
-
volcanic rocks
-
pyroclastics
-
tuff (1)
-
-
-
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda (1)
-
Brachiopoda
-
Inarticulata (1)
-
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa (1)
-
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia
-
Ostreoidea
-
Ostreidae
-
Ostrea (1)
-
-
-
Pterioida
-
Pteriina
-
Inocerami
-
Inoceramidae
-
Inoceramus (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
-
Ammonites (1)
-
-
-
Gastropoda (1)
-
Scaphopoda (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera (3)
-
Thecamoeba (1)
-
-
Vermes
-
Annelida (1)
-
-
-
isotopes
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (5)
-
O-18/O-16 (4)
-
-
-
mantle (1)
-
maps (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Bisbee Group (1)
-
Cretaceous
-
Dakota Formation (105)
-
Graneros Shale (4)
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian
-
upper Albian (2)
-
-
Aptian (1)
-
Bear River Formation (1)
-
Burro Canyon Formation (5)
-
Cedar Mountain Formation (2)
-
Cheyenne Sandstone (2)
-
Fall River Formation (2)
-
Kiowa Formation (4)
-
Mowry Shale (4)
-
Muddy Sandstone (4)
-
Skull Creek Shale (2)
-
-
Mancos Shale (8)
-
Middle Cretaceous (7)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Carlile Shale (2)
-
Castlegate Sandstone (1)
-
Cenomanian
-
upper Cenomanian (1)
-
-
Codell Sandstone Member (1)
-
Crevasse Canyon Formation (1)
-
Ferron Sandstone Member (1)
-
Frontier Formation (4)
-
Fruitland Formation (1)
-
Gallup Sandstone (1)
-
Greenhorn Limestone (5)
-
Gulfian
-
Woodbine Formation (1)
-
-
Hell Creek Formation (1)
-
Kaiparowits Formation (1)
-
Lewis Shale (1)
-
Mesaverde Group (5)
-
Niobrara Formation (1)
-
Pictured Cliffs Sandstone (2)
-
Pierre Shale (1)
-
Straight Cliffs Formation (3)
-
Tropic Shale (5)
-
Turonian
-
middle Turonian (1)
-
-
Tuscaloosa Formation (1)
-
Wahweap Formation (2)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Carmel Formation (1)
-
Lower Jurassic (3)
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Summerville Formation (1)
-
-
Twin Creek Limestone (2)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Brushy Basin Member (3)
-
Entrada Sandstone (2)
-
Morrison Formation (9)
-
Sundance Formation (1)
-
-
-
Navajo Sandstone (2)
-
Nugget Sandstone (2)
-
Triassic (2)
-
-
metal ores
-
uranium ores (2)
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
uranium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
barium (1)
-
calcium (1)
-
strontium (1)
-
-
lead (1)
-
manganese (1)
-
rare earths
-
cerium (1)
-
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metasedimentary rocks (1)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (3)
-
minerals (2)
-
North America
-
Appalachians (2)
-
Basin and Range Province (2)
-
Dakota Aquifer (1)
-
Great Plains (2)
-
Gulf Coastal Plain (1)
-
North American Cordillera (2)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Central Rocky Mountains (1)
-
Northern Rocky Mountains (1)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Uinta Mountains (1)
-
Wet Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Western Interior
-
Western Interior Seaway (16)
-
-
Western Overthrust Belt (1)
-
-
Ocean Drilling Program
-
Leg 171B
-
ODP Site 1052 (1)
-
-
-
oil and gas fields (5)
-
orogeny (1)
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (4)
-
-
paleobotany (2)
-
paleoclimatology (7)
-
paleoecology (9)
-
paleogeography (14)
-
paleontology (3)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Tapeats Sandstone (1)
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Mississippian
-
Madison Group (1)
-
-
Pennsylvanian (1)
-
-
Minnelusa Formation (2)
-
Ordovician
-
Middle Ordovician (1)
-
-
Permian
-
Kaibab Formation (1)
-
Lower Permian
-
Abo Formation (1)
-
Wolfcampian
-
Hueco Limestone (1)
-
-
-
Lyons Sandstone (2)
-
Phosphoria Formation (1)
-
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Fountain Formation (1)
-
-
Weber Sandstone (1)
-
-
palynomorphs
-
megaspores (2)
-
miospores
-
pollen (2)
-
-
-
petroleum
-
natural gas (11)
-
-
petrology (2)
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
nannofossils (1)
-
-
Pteridophyta (1)
-
Spermatophyta
-
Angiospermae (4)
-
-
-
plate tectonics (1)
-
Precambrian
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic (1)
-
-
-
remote sensing (1)
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reservoirs (3)
-
roads (1)
-
rock mechanics (2)
-
sea-level changes (19)
-
sedimentary petrology (12)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
clastic rocks
-
bentonite (4)
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claystone (1)
-
conglomerate (5)
-
marl (1)
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mudstone (2)
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orthoquartzite (1)
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sandstone (28)
-
shale (8)
-
siltstone (4)
-
-
coal
-
bituminous coal (1)
-
-
oil sands (1)
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
bedding plane irregularities
-
ripple marks (3)
-
-
biogenic structures
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bioturbation (3)
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lebensspuren (2)
-
-
planar bedding structures
-
cross-bedding (1)
-
cross-laminations (1)
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cross-stratification (1)
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cyclothems (3)
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laminations (2)
-
sand bodies (3)
-
-
secondary structures
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concretions (1)
-
-
-
sedimentation (22)
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
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clay (4)
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colluvium (1)
-
-
-
slope stability (1)
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soil mechanics (1)
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soils (3)
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stratigraphy (33)
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structural geology (3)
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Dakota Formation
A tropically hot mid-Cretaceous North American Western Interior Seaway
Dip, layer spacing, and incision rate controls on the formation of strike valleys, cuestas, and cliffbands in heterogeneous stratigraphy
CO 2 -induced climate forcing on the fire record during the initiation of Cretaceous oceanic anoxic event 2
Detrital zircon ages from Proterozoic, Paleozoic, and Cretaceous clastic strata in southern New Mexico, U.S.A.
BIOFILMS MEDIATE THE PRESERVATION OF LEAF ADPRESSION FOSSILS BY CLAYS
Abstract U-Pb dating of detrital zircons in fluvial sandstones provides a method for reconstruction of drainage basin and sediment routing systems for ancient sedimentary basins. This paper summarizes a detrital-zircon record of Cenomanian paleodrainage and sediment routing for the Gulf of Mexico and U.S. midcontinent. Detrital zircon data from Cenomanian fluvial deposits of the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain (Tuscaloosa and Woodbine formations), the Central Plains (Dakota Group), and the Colorado Front Range (Dakota Formation) show the Appalachian-Ouachita orogen represented a continental divide between south-draining rivers that delivered sediment to the Gulf of Mexico, and west- and north-draining rivers that delivered sediment to the eastern margins of the Western Interior seaway. Moreover, Cenomanian fluvial deposits of the present-day Colorado Front Range were derived from the Western Cordillera, flowed generally west to east, and discharged to the western margin of the seaway. Western Cordillera-derived fluvial systems are distinctive because of the presence of Mesozoic-age zircons from the Cordilleran magmatic arc: the lack of arc zircons in Cenomanian fluvial deposits that dis-charged to the Gulf of Mexico indicates no connection to the Western Cordillera. Detrital zircon data facilitate reconstruction of contributing drainage area and sediment routing. From these data, the dominant system for the Cenomanian Gulf of Mexico was an ancestral Tennessee River (Tuscaloosa Formation), which flowed axially through the Appalachians, had an estimated channel length of 1200-1600 km, and discharged sediment to the east-central Gulf of Mexico. Smaller rivers drained the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas and Oklahoma (Woodbine Formation), had length scales of <300 km, and entered the Gulf through the East Texas Basin. From empirical scaling relationships between drainage-basin length and the length of basin-floor fans, these results predict significant basin-floor fans related to the paleo-Tennessee River system and very small fans from the east Texas fluvial systems. This predictive model is consistent with mapped deep-water systems, as the largest fan system was derived from rivers that entered the Gulf of Mexico through the southern Mississippi embayment.
Characterization of Failure Parameters and Preliminary Slope Stability Analysis of the Cedar Canyon Landslide, Iron County, Utah
Detrital zircons from Cretaceous midcontinent strata reveal an Appalachian Mountains–Cordilleran foreland basin connection
Fossils and geology of the Greenhorn Cyclothem in the Comanche National Grassland, Colorado
Abstract The Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway experienced several transgressive/regressive cycles during its existence. The Greenhorn Cyclothem, the sixth such cycle, is significant because of the symmetry of deposition, and because of the expression of cyclical climatically influenced deposits within. This field trip will illustrate evidence of both of these cycles.
Abstract Digital photography is an important tool to depict geologic features at all scales. Roxborough State Park offers an excellent laboratory to practice the skills and art of geo-photography. Three regionally significant Paleozoic through Early Cretaceous sedimentary formations (Fountain Formation, Lyons Formation, and Dakota Sandstone) offer important textural details, outcrop patterns, and structural relationships that provide photographic challenges and opportunities. In photographing these features, basic principles of composition apply, including the rule of thirds and the use of leading lines, foreground, and depth of field. To engage these, geo-photographers need to use important in-camera tools that include aperture, shutter speed and appropriate ISO (an adopted standard from the International Standardization Organization), as well as a tripod, and suitable lens focal length. Choice of file format (RAW or jpg) has important consequences for final image quality. Post-processing is essential to ensure that images accurately depict the features intended, and may include adjustment of levels, color temperature, and sharpening. GigaPan images offer an additional tool for examining geologic features at multiple scales using up to several hundred stitched images. Photographs are an important venue for communicating geologic information to both professionals and the general public, and the more the compelling the images, the more effective the communication will be.
Sequence stratigraphy of a condensed low-accommodation succession: Lower Upper Cretaceous Dakota Sandstone, Henry Mountains, southeastern Utah
NEW SPECIES OF ANGIOSPERM POLLEN FROM THE DAKOTA FORMATION (CENOMANIAN, UPPER CRETACEOUS) OF MINNESOTA, U.S.A.
Abstract Large quantities of natural gas have been produced from underpressured Cretaceous reservoirs of the San Juan Basin since 1951, yet the reasons for the under-pressuring and the containment mechanisms remain a subject of inquiry. In this investigation, compilations of reservoir pressures from the 1950s and early 1960s are used to minimize the perturbations caused by later gas production. The pressures are projected to two basin-scale cross sections showing the structural configuration and stratigraphy of Cretaceous and younger rock units. Gas pressures in the Dakota Sandstone vary according to location, with pressure/depth ratios of 0.36 psi/ft (8.16 kPa/m) in the west and 0.41 psi/ft (9.27 kPa/m) in the east, where pressures approach hydrostatic values. Gas pressures in the sandstones of the Mesaverde Group are remarkably consistent, with pressure/depth ratios of 0.24 psi/ft (5.42 kPa/m), except in the southeast corner of the gas accumulation where the pressure/depth ratio is 0.35 psi/ft (7.91 kPa/m). Pressure-elevation plots, in conjunction with cross sections and measurements of hydraulic head in water wells, show that the gas system is not buoyant in the way that a conventional gas accumulation is buoyant. Underpressuring in this basin reflects the absence of bottom water and the presence of top water. The pressure reference for the gas is at the edge of the gas accumulation instead of at the bottom, and the preproduction gas pressure is determined by the elevation of the lateral transition from downdip gas to updip water on the southwestern limb and other margins of this asymmetric basin. No pressure discontinuity between gas and water exists at the updip edge of the gas accumulation; hence, no seal in the usual sense exists, and there is no need for one. The hard seal of a shale or an evaporite formation is replaced by a capillary soft seal caused by a transition from low-permeability downdip rocks to high-permeability updip rocks. Hydrodynamic trapping, an explanation that has been cited for many years, is not required. Instead, the gas is just sitting in a pancake-shaped volume bounded by a low-permeability base, a gentle stratigraphic rise on one side, and more steeply dipping monoclines on the other three sides. The gas does not escape from the edges of the basin because no excess gas pressure can exist in the absence of an underlying aquifer.
EXCEPTIONALLY PRESERVED LATE ALBIAN (CRETACEOUS) ARCELLACEANS (THECAMOEBIANS) FROM THE DAKOTA FORMATION NEAR LINCOLN, NEBRASKA, USA
Tectonic Control on the Sequence Stratigraphy of Nonmarine Retroarc Foreland Basin Fills: Insights from the Upper Jurassic of Central Utah, U.S.A.
Developing new 3D seismic fracture interpretation methods for tight gas reservoirs
Seismic expression of fracture-swarm sweet spots, Upper Cretaceous tight-gas reservoirs, San Juan Basin
Recognizing the Albian-Cenomanian (OAE1d) sequence boundary using plant carbon isotopes: Dakota Formation, Western Interior Basin, USA
Distinguishing base-level change and climate signals in a Cretaceous alluvial sequence
Abstract The Kaiparowits Basin, located mostly within Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument, preserves an outstanding record of Late Cretaceous sedimentation in a foreland basin setting. Hosted in these rocks is one of the most continuous and complete records of this period’s ecosystems known from any one geographic area in the world. Recent work in the basin has emphasized macrovertebrate remains and documented many new sites of high scientific value. Recent stratigraphic studies have further refined our knowledge of the depositional systems and chronostratigraphic relationships. Provided is an overview of some of these recent advances, along with the necessary background to provide context .