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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
North Africa
-
Egypt
-
Nile Delta (2)
-
-
Libya (2)
-
-
Southern Africa
-
South Africa (1)
-
-
West Africa (1)
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Barents Sea
-
White Sea (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Kuwait (1)
-
Oman (10)
-
Qatar (2)
-
Saudi Arabia (3)
-
United Arab Emirates
-
Abu Dhabi (1)
-
Dubai (1)
-
Sharjah (1)
-
Umm al-Qaiwain (1)
-
-
Yemen (2)
-
-
Far East
-
Burma (1)
-
China
-
Hong Kong (1)
-
Tarim Platform (1)
-
-
Indonesia
-
Sumatra (1)
-
-
Philippine Islands (1)
-
Taiwan (1)
-
-
Himalayas (1)
-
Hindu Kush (1)
-
Kopet-Dag Range (1)
-
Middle East
-
Cyprus
-
Agrokipia Deposit (1)
-
Troodos Massif (55)
-
-
Iran
-
Fars Iran (1)
-
-
Iraq (3)
-
Israel (2)
-
Jordan (1)
-
Lebanon (4)
-
Syria (10)
-
Turkey
-
Amanos Mountains (1)
-
Anatolia (4)
-
Antalya Turkey (1)
-
Eskisehir Turkey (1)
-
Hatay Turkey (1)
-
Taurus Mountains (2)
-
-
Zagros (5)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
-
TAG hydrothermal field (2)
-
-
North Atlantic
-
Bermuda Rise (1)
-
TAG hydrothermal field (2)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Azores (1)
-
Canary Islands (1)
-
Shetland Islands (1)
-
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Quebec
-
Noranda Quebec (1)
-
-
-
-
Caspian Basin (1)
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
-
Caucasus (1)
-
-
DSDP Site 504 (2)
-
Europe
-
Alps (1)
-
Caucasus (1)
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece
-
Crete (1)
-
Greek Macedonia
-
Vourinos (2)
-
-
-
Italy
-
Apennines (1)
-
Sicily Italy (1)
-
-
Macedonia
-
Greek Macedonia
-
Vourinos (2)
-
-
-
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Corsica (1)
-
-
Iceland (2)
-
Scandinavia
-
Norway (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
Scotland
-
Hebrides
-
Inner Hebrides
-
Isle of Skye (1)
-
-
-
Highland region Scotland
-
Inverness-shire Scotland
-
Isle of Skye (1)
-
-
-
Shetland Islands (1)
-
-
Wales (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Indian Ocean
-
Andaman Sea (3)
-
Red Sea
-
Atlantis II Deep (1)
-
Gulf of Aqaba (1)
-
Red Sea Rift (1)
-
-
-
Mediterranean region (10)
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
East Mediterranean
-
Adriatic Sea (2)
-
Aegean Sea (1)
-
Eratosthenes Seamount (3)
-
Florence Rise (1)
-
Ionian Sea (1)
-
Levantine Basin (5)
-
-
Hellenic Trench (1)
-
Pelagian Sea (1)
-
West Mediterranean
-
Tyrrhenian Sea (1)
-
-
-
Oceania
-
Melanesia
-
New Caledonia (1)
-
-
-
Olympus (1)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
East Pacific Rise (3)
-
Galapagos Rift (1)
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Hess Deep (1)
-
-
Southeast Pacific (1)
-
-
Equatorial Pacific (2)
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Hess Deep (1)
-
-
-
South Pacific
-
Southeast Pacific (1)
-
-
-
-
commodities
-
asbestos deposits (2)
-
construction materials
-
building stone (1)
-
cement materials (2)
-
-
energy sources (1)
-
limestone deposits (1)
-
metal ores
-
arsenic ores (1)
-
base metals (1)
-
chromite ores (3)
-
cobalt ores (1)
-
copper ores (7)
-
gold ores (3)
-
iron ores (2)
-
lead ores (1)
-
manganese ores (2)
-
nickel ores (1)
-
polymetallic ores (3)
-
pyrite ores (2)
-
zinc ores (3)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (21)
-
mineral exploration (4)
-
oil and gas fields (4)
-
ornamental materials (1)
-
petroleum
-
natural gas (3)
-
-
water resources (1)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
carbon (1)
-
isotope ratios (12)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (4)
-
O-18/O-16 (3)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-206 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (9)
-
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
thorium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
calcium (1)
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (9)
-
-
-
aluminum (1)
-
arsenic (1)
-
chromium (1)
-
copper (1)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
-
iron (1)
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-206 (1)
-
-
platinum group
-
iridium (1)
-
osmium
-
Os-188/Os-187 (1)
-
-
palladium (2)
-
platinum (2)
-
ruthenium (1)
-
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (4)
-
-
-
zinc (1)
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (3)
-
-
selenium (1)
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
-
-
fossils
-
burrows (1)
-
ichnofossils (1)
-
Invertebrata
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa (2)
-
Hydrozoa (1)
-
-
Mollusca
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
-
Ammonites (1)
-
-
-
Gastropoda (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Rotaliina
-
Globigerinacea
-
Globotruncanidae
-
Globotruncana (1)
-
-
-
Rotaliacea
-
Miogypsinidae (1)
-
-
-
-
Radiolaria (4)
-
-
Vermes
-
Annelida (1)
-
Polychaeta (1)
-
-
-
microfossils
-
Conodonta (1)
-
-
palynomorphs
-
Dinoflagellata (1)
-
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
nannofossils (4)
-
-
-
thallophytes (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
Ar/Ar (4)
-
K/Ar (3)
-
optically stimulated luminescence (1)
-
paleomagnetism (12)
-
Rb/Sr (1)
-
Sr/Sr (1)
-
Th/U (1)
-
U/Pb (6)
-
uranium disequilibrium (2)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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Neolithic (1)
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Pleistocene
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upper Pleistocene (1)
-
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upper Quaternary (2)
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-
Stone Age
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Neolithic (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
lower Tertiary (1)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
lower Miocene
-
Aquitanian (1)
-
Burdigalian (1)
-
-
upper Miocene
-
Messinian (4)
-
Tortonian (2)
-
-
-
Pliocene
-
lower Pliocene (2)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
middle Eocene (1)
-
-
Oligocene
-
upper Oligocene
-
Chattian (1)
-
-
-
Paleocene
-
upper Paleocene (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (1)
-
-
Middle Cretaceous (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Cenomanian (1)
-
Maestrichtian (3)
-
Santonian (1)
-
Senonian (3)
-
Turonian (2)
-
-
-
Triassic
-
Upper Triassic (4)
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Devonian (1)
-
Permian (1)
-
-
Precambrian
-
Archean (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Mesoproterozoic (1)
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Ediacaran (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
extrusive rocks (2)
-
igneous rocks
-
picrite (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase (1)
-
diorites
-
plagiogranite (2)
-
-
gabbros
-
microgabbro (1)
-
-
granites (1)
-
lamprophyres (1)
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (2)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (2)
-
garnet lherzolite (1)
-
harzburgite (4)
-
lherzolite (2)
-
spinel peridotite (1)
-
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites
-
boninite (3)
-
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts (1)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (3)
-
ocean-island basalts (3)
-
tholeiite (2)
-
-
glasses
-
volcanic glass (2)
-
-
pyroclastics
-
tuff (2)
-
-
rhyolites (1)
-
trachytes (1)
-
-
-
ophiolite (55)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (1)
-
hornfels (2)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
serpentinite (1)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks (1)
-
metasomatic rocks
-
serpentinite (1)
-
-
-
ophiolite (55)
-
turbidite (5)
-
-
minerals
-
carbonates
-
calcite (4)
-
-
minerals (5)
-
oxides
-
hematite (1)
-
iron oxides (1)
-
magnetite (2)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (1)
-
-
silicates
-
asbestos (1)
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
actinolite (1)
-
hornblende (1)
-
kaersutite (1)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
augite (1)
-
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
K-feldspar (1)
-
-
plagioclase (1)
-
-
silica minerals
-
quartz (2)
-
-
zeolite group
-
analcime (1)
-
clinoptilolite (1)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
olivine group
-
olivine (1)
-
-
zircon group
-
zircon (4)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
epidote group
-
epidote (1)
-
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (1)
-
-
clay minerals
-
beidellite (1)
-
montmorillonite (1)
-
smectite (4)
-
-
illite (2)
-
mica group
-
celadonite (1)
-
-
palygorskite (2)
-
rectorite (1)
-
sericite (1)
-
serpentine group
-
chrysotile (2)
-
-
-
-
sulfates (1)
-
sulfides
-
chalcopyrite (1)
-
idaite (1)
-
iron sulfides (1)
-
pyrite (1)
-
valleriite (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (15)
-
Africa
-
North Africa
-
Egypt
-
Nile Delta (2)
-
-
Libya (2)
-
-
Southern Africa
-
South Africa (1)
-
-
West Africa (1)
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Barents Sea
-
White Sea (1)
-
-
-
asbestos deposits (2)
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Kuwait (1)
-
Oman (10)
-
Qatar (2)
-
Saudi Arabia (3)
-
United Arab Emirates
-
Abu Dhabi (1)
-
Dubai (1)
-
Sharjah (1)
-
Umm al-Qaiwain (1)
-
-
Yemen (2)
-
-
Far East
-
Burma (1)
-
China
-
Hong Kong (1)
-
Tarim Platform (1)
-
-
Indonesia
-
Sumatra (1)
-
-
Philippine Islands (1)
-
Taiwan (1)
-
-
Himalayas (1)
-
Hindu Kush (1)
-
Kopet-Dag Range (1)
-
Middle East
-
Cyprus
-
Agrokipia Deposit (1)
-
Troodos Massif (55)
-
-
Iran
-
Fars Iran (1)
-
-
Iraq (3)
-
Israel (2)
-
Jordan (1)
-
Lebanon (4)
-
Syria (10)
-
Turkey
-
Amanos Mountains (1)
-
Anatolia (4)
-
Antalya Turkey (1)
-
Eskisehir Turkey (1)
-
Hatay Turkey (1)
-
Taurus Mountains (2)
-
-
Zagros (5)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
-
TAG hydrothermal field (2)
-
-
North Atlantic
-
Bermuda Rise (1)
-
TAG hydrothermal field (2)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Azores (1)
-
Canary Islands (1)
-
Shetland Islands (1)
-
-
biogeography (1)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Quebec
-
Noranda Quebec (1)
-
-
-
-
carbon (1)
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
Neolithic (1)
-
-
Pleistocene
-
upper Pleistocene (1)
-
-
upper Quaternary (2)
-
-
Stone Age
-
Neolithic (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
lower Tertiary (1)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
lower Miocene
-
Aquitanian (1)
-
Burdigalian (1)
-
-
upper Miocene
-
Messinian (4)
-
Tortonian (2)
-
-
-
Pliocene
-
lower Pliocene (2)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
middle Eocene (1)
-
-
Oligocene
-
upper Oligocene
-
Chattian (1)
-
-
-
Paleocene
-
upper Paleocene (1)
-
-
-
-
-
clay mineralogy (4)
-
climate change (1)
-
conservation (1)
-
construction materials
-
building stone (1)
-
cement materials (2)
-
-
continental shelf (1)
-
crust (27)
-
crystal chemistry (1)
-
crystal growth (1)
-
dams (1)
-
data processing (4)
-
Deep Sea Drilling Project
-
IPOD
-
DSDP Site 417 (1)
-
Leg 69 (2)
-
Leg 70 (2)
-
Leg 76
-
DSDP Site 534 (1)
-
-
Leg 83 (2)
-
Leg 92 (2)
-
-
Leg 16
-
DSDP Site 163 (1)
-
-
-
deformation (4)
-
earthquakes (1)
-
economic geology (11)
-
energy sources (1)
-
engineering geology (2)
-
Europe
-
Alps (1)
-
Caucasus (1)
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece
-
Crete (1)
-
Greek Macedonia
-
Vourinos (2)
-
-
-
Italy
-
Apennines (1)
-
Sicily Italy (1)
-
-
Macedonia
-
Greek Macedonia
-
Vourinos (2)
-
-
-
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Corsica (1)
-
-
Iceland (2)
-
Scandinavia
-
Norway (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
Scotland
-
Hebrides
-
Inner Hebrides
-
Isle of Skye (1)
-
-
-
Highland region Scotland
-
Inverness-shire Scotland
-
Isle of Skye (1)
-
-
-
Shetland Islands (1)
-
-
Wales (1)
-
-
-
-
-
faults (27)
-
folds (3)
-
foliation (1)
-
geochemistry (22)
-
geochronology (5)
-
geology (1)
-
geomorphology (2)
-
geophysical methods (11)
-
ground water (4)
-
heat flow (3)
-
hydrogeology (1)
-
ichnofossils (1)
-
igneous rocks
-
picrite (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase (1)
-
diorites
-
plagiogranite (2)
-
-
gabbros
-
microgabbro (1)
-
-
granites (1)
-
lamprophyres (1)
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (2)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (2)
-
garnet lherzolite (1)
-
harzburgite (4)
-
lherzolite (2)
-
spinel peridotite (1)
-
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites
-
boninite (3)
-
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts (1)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (3)
-
ocean-island basalts (3)
-
tholeiite (2)
-
-
glasses
-
volcanic glass (2)
-
-
pyroclastics
-
tuff (2)
-
-
rhyolites (1)
-
trachytes (1)
-
-
-
inclusions
-
fluid inclusions (5)
-
-
Indian Ocean
-
Andaman Sea (3)
-
Red Sea
-
Atlantis II Deep (1)
-
Gulf of Aqaba (1)
-
Red Sea Rift (1)
-
-
-
intrusions (27)
-
Invertebrata
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa (2)
-
Hydrozoa (1)
-
-
Mollusca
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
-
Ammonites (1)
-
-
-
Gastropoda (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Rotaliina
-
Globigerinacea
-
Globotruncanidae
-
Globotruncana (1)
-
-
-
Rotaliacea
-
Miogypsinidae (1)
-
-
-
-
Radiolaria (4)
-
-
Vermes
-
Annelida (1)
-
Polychaeta (1)
-
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
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Cyprus
Ultramafic-Hosted Ni-Cu-Co-(As) Mineralization from an Ancient Oceanic Transform Fault Zone in the Troodos Ophiolite, Cyprus: An Analogue for Ultramafic Sea-Floor Massive Sulfide Mineralization?
Ichnofabric analysis as a tool for characterization and differentiation between calcareous contourites and calciturbidites
The Middle-Late Cretaceous Zagros ophiolites, Iran: Linking of a 3000 km swath of subduction initiation fore-arc lithosphere from Troodos, Cyprus to Oman
Geological correlation between northern Cyprus and southern Anatolia
Early Miocene calc-alkaline felsic tuffs within deep-marine turbidites in the Kyrenia Range, north Cyprus, with a possible post-collisional eruptive centre in western Anatolia
Microfossil and strontium isotope chronology used to identify the controls of Miocene reefs and related facies in NW Cyprus
High-Ca boninitic melt inclusions in lavas of the Troodos ophiolite and a reappraisal of genetic relationships between different lava types
Submarine landslides: mapping the susceptibility in European seas
Acceleration of the Pissouri landslide, Cyprus
Lenticular-bedding-like bioturbation and the onshore recognition of carbonate drifts (Oligocene, Cyprus)
Improvement of Internal Stability of Alluvial Clay from Famagusta Bay, Cyprus, Using Copolymer of Butyl Acrylate and Styrene
A NEW TEICHICHNOID TRACE FOSSIL SYRINGOMORPHA CYPRENSIS FROM THE MIOCENE OF CYPRUS
Pliocene–Pleistocene sedimentary and geomorphologic development of the Vasilikos river catchment, S Cyprus, in relation to uplift of the Troodos ophiolite and climate-related changes
U–Pb detrital zircon ages used to infer provenance and tectonic setting of Late Triassic–Miocene sandstones related to the Tethyan development of Cyprus
Supergene alteration, environmental impact and laboratory scale acid water treatment of Cyprus-type ore deposits: case study of Mathiatis and Sha abandoned mines
Proving a landslide: ground behaviour problems at Pissouri, Cyprus
Microtextures and fluid inclusions from vein minerals hosted in the Pillow Lavas of the Troodos supra-subduction zone
Extreme enrichment of selenium in the Apliki Cyprus-type VMS deposit, Troodos, Cyprus
Pliocene–Pleistocene sedimentary development of the syntectonic Polis graben, NW Cyprus: evidence from facies analysis, nannofossil biochronology and strontium isotope dating
ABSTRACT The Tamar gas field, discovered in 2009 by Noble Energy, Delek, and partners, paved the way for a series of presalt discoveries that expanded our understanding of the petroleum systems in the east Mediterranean and the region’s hydrocarbon prospectivity. Approximately 40 tcf of natural gas has been discovered in the Oligocene–Miocene so-called Tamar sands play offshore Israel and Cyprus, which includes some of the largest deep-sea gas discoveries in the world over the last decade. The Tamar field development was expedited such that first gas occurred by March 2013, a mere 51 months following drilling of the wildcat well. Deep-water presalt exploration offshore Israel began in 2003 with the Hannah-1 dry hole. Following a 5-year hiatus, a new subsalt exploration and drilling program began in earnest in 2008, resulting in gas discoveries at Tamar, Dalit, Leviathan, Dolphin, Tanin, Aphrodite, Karish, and Tamar Southwest. The main presalt play area likely extends nearly 30,000 km 2 (11,583 mi 2 ) in water depths of approximately 1300 to 1700 m (4265 to 5577 ft), in the exclusive economic zones of Egypt, Israel, Cyprus, Lebanon, and Syria. The Tamar sands reservoir section is comprised of deep-sea floor fan sandstones punctuated by relatively thin beds of silts and mudstones. The accumulations are characterized by thick deposits, over 250 m (820 ft) of gross pay at Tamar, of high-quality reservoir with >20% porosity and >500 mD permeability. The lean gas (over 98% methane) is thought to be biogenic and sourced from the interbedded shaley units, whereas the seal is the regionally extensive early Miocene silty-shaley unit termed the Ng10 shale. Traps are faulted, four-way closures reaching over 100 km 2 (39 mi 2 ) at Tamar and approximately 330 km 2 (127 mi 2 ) at Leviathan, the largest discovery to date. Over 140 m (459 ft) of conventional core has been collected from one appraisal and two development wells at Tamar, and an extensive suite of side-wall cores were taken in the other wells. Core calibration has proven critical to petrophysical evaluation, resource assessment, and completion design. The Tamar field was developed in under 51 months from discovery to first gas for $3.25 billion in gross development capital. Current production at Tamar is accomplished from five subsea wells, each capable of producing over 250 MMSCF/day and tied back through a subsea manifold to a fixed-leg processing platform located some 150 km (93 mi) south of the field. At the time of development, this was the longest deep-sea tieback in the world. From there, the treated gas is flowed to an onshore terminal in the coastal city of Ashdod. Tamar is currently the only significant provider of natural gas to Israel and has supplied nearly 1.0 tcf of gas as of year end 2016, which fuels over 50% of the local market’s power generation needs. The discovery and development of Tamar opened a new chapter for the eastern Mediterranean oil and natural gas industry.