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GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Central Africa
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Angola (8)
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Burundi (1)
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Congo (2)
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Congo Democratic Republic
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Kundelungu Plateau (2)
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Shaba Congo Democratic Republic (11)
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Gabon (1)
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Congo Basin (1)
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Congo Craton (1)
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East Africa
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Ethiopia (2)
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Kenya (1)
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Mozambique (1)
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Sudan (1)
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Tanzania (7)
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Zambia
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Nchanga Zambia (2)
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East African Lakes
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Lake Tanganyika (1)
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Kalahari Desert (1)
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Limpopo Belt (4)
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Madagascar (1)
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Mozambique Belt (1)
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North Africa
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Algeria (3)
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Atlas Mountains
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Moroccan Atlas Mountains
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Anti-Atlas (4)
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High Atlas (2)
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Egypt
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Eastern Desert (4)
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Morocco
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Bou Azzer (3)
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Marrakech Morocco (3)
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Moroccan Atlas Mountains
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Anti-Atlas (4)
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Moulouya River (1)
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Rif (1)
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Tindouf Basin (1)
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Tunisia (1)
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Nubian Shield (3)
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Red Sea Hills (1)
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Southern Africa
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Barberton greenstone belt (1)
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Botswana (17)
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Gariep Belt (2)
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Kaapvaal Craton (2)
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Kalahari Craton (2)
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Karoo Basin (3)
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Namaqualand (13)
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Namaqualand metamorphic complex (10)
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Namibia
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Damara Belt (2)
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Otavi Namibia (2)
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Tsumeb Namibia (4)
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Windhoek Namibia (1)
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Orange River (3)
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South Africa
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Bushveld Complex (23)
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Cape Province region (8)
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Eastern Cape Province South Africa (1)
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KwaZulu-Natal South Africa (2)
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Limpopo South Africa (1)
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Merensky Reef (4)
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Mpumalanga South Africa
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Barberton South Africa (1)
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Murchison greenstone belt (1)
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Northern Cape Province South Africa (6)
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Transvaal region (12)
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Witwatersrand (1)
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Zimbabwe
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Great Dyke (1)
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West Africa
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Burkina Faso (2)
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Guinea (2)
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Ivory Coast (2)
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Liberia (1)
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Mali (2)
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Mauritania (3)
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Senegal (1)
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Taoudenni Basin (1)
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Zambezi Valley (1)
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Zimbabwe Craton (3)
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Alexander Terrane (3)
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Altiplano (5)
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Anglesey (1)
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Antarctica
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Antarctic Peninsula
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Graham Land (1)
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Arctic region
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Greenland
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East Greenland (5)
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Isua Belt (1)
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Kangerlussuaq (1)
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Skaergaard Intrusion (3)
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West Greenland (3)
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Russian Arctic
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Franz Josef Land (1)
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Svalbard
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Spitsbergen
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Spitsbergen Island (1)
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Asia
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Altai Mountains
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Gorny Altai (3)
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Kuznetsk Alatau (8)
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Mongolian Altai (2)
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Altai Russian Federation
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Gorny Altai (3)
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Zmeinogorsk Russian Federation (1)
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Altai-Sayan region (7)
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Amur Basin (1)
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Arabian Peninsula
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Arabian Shield (4)
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Oman
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Oman Mountains (1)
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United Arab Emirates
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Baikal region (7)
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Central Asia
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Kazakhstan
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Pamirs (1)
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Chukotka Russian Federation
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Chukchi Peninsula (2)
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Far East
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Borneo
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East Malaysia
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Sabah Malaysia (1)
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Burma
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Shan State Burma (1)
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China
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Anhui China (4)
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Da Hinggan Ling (3)
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Dabie Mountains (2)
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Dachang Deposit (1)
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Fujian China (9)
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Gansu China (9)
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Guangdong China (3)
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Guangxi China (3)
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Heilongjiang China
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Xiao Hinggan Ling (1)
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Hubei China (2)
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Inner Mongolia China (10)
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Kunlun Mountains (1)
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Liaoning China (1)
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Longmenshan (1)
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Nanling (1)
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North China Platform (8)
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Qinghai China (4)
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Qinling Mountains (3)
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Sanjiang (5)
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Shanxi China (1)
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Sichuan Basin (1)
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Sichuan China (4)
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Xinjiang China
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Hami Basin (2)
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Junggar (6)
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Junggar Basin (2)
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Tarim Basin (3)
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Turpan Basin (2)
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Xizang China
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Gangdese Belt (19)
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Lhasa Block (9)
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Lhasa China (3)
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Yangtze Platform (12)
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Yangtze River (5)
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Yangtze River valley (6)
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Yunnan China
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Kunming China (2)
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Zhejiang China (1)
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Indonesia
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Celebes (1)
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Java (1)
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Moluccas (1)
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Sumatra (3)
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Japan
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Hokkaido
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Horoman Complex (1)
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Honshu
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Abukuma Mountains (1)
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Akita Japan
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Hokuroku Japan (3)
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Kosaka Mine (1)
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Ashio Mine (1)
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Chiba Peninsula (1)
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Gifu Japan
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Kamioka Mine (1)
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Hida metamorphic belt (1)
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Hyogo Japan
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Akenobe Mine (1)
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Ikuno Mine (1)
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Ibaraki Japan
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Hitachi Deposit (2)
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Iwate Japan
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Kamaishi Mine (1)
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Kinki Japan (1)
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Okayama Japan (1)
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Saitama Japan
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Chichibu Mine (1)
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Shimane Japan (1)
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Kyushu (1)
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Ryukyu Islands
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Okinawa (1)
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Sambagawa Belt (1)
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Shikoku
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Ehime Japan (1)
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Korea
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South Korea
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Kyongsang Basin (2)
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-
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Luzon Arc (1)
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Malaysia
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East Malaysia
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Sabah Malaysia (1)
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-
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Mongolia
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Mongolian Altai (2)
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Selenga Mongolia (2)
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Philippine Islands
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Luzon
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Mount Pinatubo (4)
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Taal (1)
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Marinduque Philippine Islands (1)
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Mindanao (3)
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Surigao del Norte Philippine Islands (2)
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Sino-Korean Platform (2)
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Taiwan
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Chinkuashih Mine (1)
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Chinkuashih Taiwan (1)
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Thailand
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Khorat Plateau (1)
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Vietnam (15)
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Gobi Desert (4)
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Himalayas
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Lesser Himalayas (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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Afghanistan (1)
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India
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Andhra Pradesh India
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Cuddapah Basin (3)
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Cuddapah India (1)
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Guntur India (1)
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Khammam India (1)
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Bastar Craton (4)
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Bihar India (14)
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Chhattisgarh India
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Raipur India (1)
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Deccan Plateau (2)
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Delhi India (1)
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Dharwar Craton (5)
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Ghats
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Western Ghats (1)
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Gujarat India
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Kutch India (1)
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Saurashtra (1)
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Haryana India (1)
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Jharkhand India
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Singhbhum India
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Mosaboni Mines (3)
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-
-
Karnataka India
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Belgaum India (1)
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Chitradurga India
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Ingaldhal (5)
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-
Chitradurga schist belt (5)
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Closepet Granite (1)
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Hassan India (2)
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Kanara (2)
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Mysore India (3)
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Khetri India (2)
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Kolar India (1)
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Madhya Pradesh India
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Balaghat India (1)
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Maharashtra India (1)
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Northeastern India
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Arunachal Pradesh India (1)
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Orissa India
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Mayurbhanj India (1)
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Rajasthan India
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Alwar India (2)
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Aravalli Range (1)
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Bhilwara India (1)
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Jhunjhunu India (1)
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Khetri copper belt (5)
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Mangalwar Complex (2)
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Sirohi India (2)
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Udaipur India (1)
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Sikkim India (2)
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Singhbhum shear zone (9)
-
Tamil Nadu India
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Neyveli India (1)
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Trans-Aravalli Vindhyan Basin (1)
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Uttar Pradesh India
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Jhansi India (1)
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-
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Nepal (1)
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Pakistan
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Baluchistan Pakistan (5)
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-
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Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (1)
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Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula
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Tolbachik (3)
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-
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Karakoram (2)
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Kemerovo Russian Federation
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Salair Russian Federation (1)
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-
Khabarovsk Russian Federation (2)
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Khakasiya Russian Federation (10)
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Kodar Range (1)
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Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
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Norilsk region (40)
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Norilsk Russian Federation (11)
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-
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Kyrgyzstan (4)
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Magadan Russian Federation (1)
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Main Boundary Fault (1)
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Main Central Thrust (1)
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Middle East
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Cyprus
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Agrokipia Deposit (1)
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Iran
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Elburz (1)
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Lut Desert (3)
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Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (5)
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Israel (1)
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Turkey
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Anatolia (6)
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North Anatolian Fault (1)
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Pontic Mountains (3)
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Taurus Mountains (2)
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Turkish Aegean region (1)
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Zagros (3)
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-
Okhotsk-Chukchi volcanic belt (1)
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Omolon Block (1)
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Patom Plateau (1)
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Qiangtang Terrane (4)
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Rudny Altai (7)
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Russian Far East (2)
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Russian Pacific region (1)
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Salair Ridge (1)
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Sayan
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Eastern Sayan (4)
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Western Sayan (1)
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Selenga River valley (1)
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Siberia (23)
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Siberian fold belt (3)
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Siberian Platform
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Aldan Shield (2)
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North Siberian Plain (1)
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Yenisei Ridge (1)
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Sikhote-Alin Range (1)
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Southeast Asia (1)
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Stanovoy Range (1)
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Tajikistan (2)
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Tibetan Plateau (30)
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Tien Shan (18)
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Transbaikalia (8)
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Tunguska Syneclise (1)
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Turkmenia
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Karakum (1)
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Tuva Russian Federation (17)
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Uzbekistan
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Almalyk Uzbekistan (2)
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Vindhyan Basin (1)
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West Siberia
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Kuznetsk Alatau (8)
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Western Transbaikalia (4)
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Yakutia Russian Federation
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Yenisei-Khatanga basin (1)
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Zabaykalskiy Russian Federation
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Chita Russian Federation (2)
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Atlantic Ocean
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Mid-Atlantic Ridge
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TAG hydrothermal field (3)
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North Atlantic
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Gulf of Mexico (1)
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Hudson Bay (3)
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North Sea
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Viking Graben (1)
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-
TAG hydrothermal field (3)
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Romanche fracture zone (1)
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South Atlantic
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Southwest Atlantic (1)
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Australasia
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Australia
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Adelaide Geosyncline (4)
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Curnamona Province (2)
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Giles Complex (2)
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Lachlan fold belt (20)
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Macquarie Arc (4)
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Musgrave Block (4)
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New South Wales Australia
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Cobar Australia (2)
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Elura Mine (1)
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Northparkes Mine (9)
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Orange Australia (1)
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Parkes Australia (2)
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Northern Territory Australia
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HYC Deposit (2)
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Tennant Creek Australia (2)
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Queensland Australia
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Cannington Deposit (1)
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Century Deposit (1)
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Cloncurry mining district (11)
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Drummond Basin (1)
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Ernest Henry Deposit (2)
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Mount Isa Australia (27)
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Mount Isa Inlier (18)
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Rockhampton Australia (1)
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South Australia
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Eyre Peninsula (1)
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Flinders Ranges (2)
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Gawler Craton (25)
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Mount Gunson (2)
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Olary Domain (2)
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Olympic Dam Deposit (47)
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Tasmania Australia
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Hellyer Deposit (12)
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Rosebery Australia (1)
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Victoria Australia (8)
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Western Australia
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Bangemall Basin (1)
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Boddington Mine (1)
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Darling Range (1)
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Halls Creek Orogen (1)
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Kambalda Australia (10)
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Yandal greenstone belt (1)
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Yilgarn (2)
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Yilgarn Craton (24)
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-
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New Zealand
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Bay of Plenty (1)
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Nelson New Zealand (3)
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Otago Schist (1)
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Taupo volcanic zone (3)
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Westland New Zealand (3)
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Papua (7)
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Papua New Guinea
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Bougainville (11)
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Ok Tedi Mine (3)
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Tasman orogenic zone (9)
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Avalon Zone (2)
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Azerbaijan region (1)
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Bell Island (1)
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Black Range (1)
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Black Sea region (1)
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Bluebell Mine (1)
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Bowen Basin (3)
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Broken Hill (4)
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Arctic Archipelago (3)
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Bathurst New Brunswick (2)
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Restigouche County New Brunswick (1)
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Nova Scotia
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Cape Breton Island (5)
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Gays River Deposit (2)
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-
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Meguma Terrane (2)
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Newfoundland and Labrador
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Labrador
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Kiglapait Intrusion (1)
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Nain Massif (10)
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Voisey's Bay Deposit (27)
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Newfoundland
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Baie Verte Peninsula (2)
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Ontario
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Algoma District Ontario
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Elliot Lake Ontario (1)
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Mamainse Point (1)
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Batchawana Bay (1)
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Cochrane District Ontario
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Kidd Creek Mine (12)
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Timmins Ontario (16)
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Coldwell Complex (7)
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Kenora Ontario (1)
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Uchi Lake (1)
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Larder Lake District Ontario (2)
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Nipissing District Ontario (2)
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Strathcona Mine (10)
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Sudbury Basin (9)
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Sudbury District Ontario (29)
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Sudbury igneous complex (52)
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Sudbury Ontario (8)
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Sudbury Structure (32)
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Manitouwadge Ontario (3)
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Quebec
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Abitibi County Quebec
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Val d'Or Quebec (6)
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Dore Lake Complex (1)
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Gaspe Peninsula (11)
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Gaspe-Est County Quebec
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Gaspe Quebec (3)
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Horne Mine (12)
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Matagami (9)
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Noranda Quebec (34)
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Saguenay County Quebec (1)
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Temiscamingue County Quebec
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Rouyn Quebec (11)
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Temiscouata County Quebec (1)
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Elk Point Basin (1)
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Mackenzie Mountains (5)
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Muskox Intrusion (3)
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Nunavut
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Axel Heiberg Island (3)
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Queen Elizabeth Islands
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Sverdrup Basin (2)
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Stikinia Terrane (14)
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British Columbia
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Guichon Creek Batholith (10)
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Thompson nickel belt (6)
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Northwest Territories
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Reindeer Zone (1)
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Saskatchewan
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Caribbean region
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Hispaniola
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Dominican Republic (3)
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Haiti (4)
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Puerto Rico (2)
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Lesser Antilles (1)
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Cascade Range (4)
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Central America
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El Salvador (6)
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Fe-56/Fe-54 (4)
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large-ion lithophile elements (7)
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strontium
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (3)
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-
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aluminum (9)
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Cu-65 (4)
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gallium (2)
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gold (54)
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hafnium
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (20)
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indium (5)
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iron
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Fe-56/Fe-54 (4)
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Fe-57/Fe-54 (1)
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lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (77)
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Ni-60 (1)
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platinum group
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osmium
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Os-187/Os-186 (3)
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Os-188/Os-187 (26)
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Re-187/Os-188 (3)
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palladium (22)
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neodymium
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (62)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (5)
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samarium
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (5)
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scandium (1)
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rhenium
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Re-187/Os-188 (3)
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silver (33)
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tin (6)
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nitrogen (5)
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noble gases
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argon
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Ar-40/Ar-36 (1)
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (5)
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helium
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He-4/He-3 (3)
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radon (1)
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oxygen
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dissolved oxygen (1)
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O-18 (2)
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O-18/O-16 (269)
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phosphorus (3)
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silicon (3)
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sulfur
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S-32 (1)
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S-33/S-32 (10)
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S-34 (4)
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S-34/S-32 (314)
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S-36 (1)
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tellurium (12)
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fossils
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Invertebrata
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Protista
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Plantae
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Musci
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Spermatophyta
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Coniferales
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Pinaceae
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Pinus (1)
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thallophytes (1)
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geochronology methods
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(U-Th)/He (8)
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Ar/Ar (103)
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Rb/Sr (36)
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tree rings (1)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Bronze Age (5)
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Quaternary
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Pleistocene
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Wisconsinan
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Siwalik System (1)
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Pliocene
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upper Neogene (1)
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Paleogene
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Eocene
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middle Eocene
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Mirador Formation (1)
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upper Eocene
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Priabonian (1)
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-
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lower Paleogene (1)
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Oligocene
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lower Oligocene (4)
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upper Oligocene (7)
-
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Orca Group (1)
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Paleocene
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-
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upper Tertiary (4)
-
-
upper Cenozoic (2)
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Laurentide ice sheet (2)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Kuskokwim Group (1)
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Lower Cretaceous
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Albian
-
upper Albian (1)
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Aptian (1)
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Burro Canyon Formation (1)
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Neocomian (1)
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Pebble Shale (1)
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Middle Cretaceous (10)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Campanian (2)
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lower Cenomanian (1)
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Senonian (2)
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Valdez Group (1)
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Jurassic
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Aztec Sandstone (1)
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Lower Jurassic (16)
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Middle Jurassic
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Aalenian (2)
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Xishanyao Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Jurassic
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Bowser Lake Group (2)
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Morrison Formation (1)
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Portlandian (1)
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Tithonian (1)
-
-
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lower Mesozoic (5)
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Navajo Sandstone (1)
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Pucara Group (1)
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Triassic
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Lower Triassic
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Permian-Triassic boundary (11)
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Middle Triassic
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Muschelkalk (1)
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Mole Granite (2)
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Nicola Group (4)
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Upper Triassic
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Chinle Formation (2)
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Rhaetian (1)
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Stuhini Group (4)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic (5)
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Vaca Muerta Formation (1)
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Wingate Sandstone (1)
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Yanshanian (3)
-
-
Moldanubian (2)
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Acadian (2)
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Kanmantoo Group (1)
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Barrandian (1)
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Burgess Shale (1)
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Mount Read Volcanics (16)
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Upper Cambrian
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Bonneterre Formation (3)
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Lamotte Sandstone (2)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
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Culm (1)
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Huanglong Formation (3)
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Lower Carboniferous
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Dinantian (17)
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Mississippian
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Lower Mississippian
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Tournaisian
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upper Tournaisian (2)
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-
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Macumber Formation (4)
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Middle Mississippian
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Visean
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upper Visean (1)
-
-
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Price Formation (2)
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Redwall Limestone (1)
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Windsor Group (5)
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Pennsylvanian
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Hermosa Group (1)
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Middle Pennsylvanian
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Paradox Formation (2)
-
-
Upper Pennsylvanian (3)
-
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Upper Carboniferous (4)
-
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Catskill Formation (2)
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Devonian
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Gile Mountain Formation (2)
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Lower Devonian (4)
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Middle Devonian
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Balaklala Rhyolite (7)
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Copley Greenstone (6)
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Eifelian (1)
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Givetian (2)
-
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Old Red Sandstone (2)
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Upper Devonian
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Famennian
-
upper Famennian (1)
-
-
-
-
Honaker Trail Formation (1)
-
Horton Group (1)
-
Knox Group (1)
-
Leinster Granite (1)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Ashe Formation (1)
-
Bay of Islands Ophiolite (1)
-
-
Matapedia Group (1)
-
middle Paleozoic (2)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician (8)
-
Meguma Group (1)
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Ammonoosuc Volcanics (1)
-
Darriwilian (1)
-
Decorah Shale (1)
-
Galena Dolomite (1)
-
-
Miramichi Group (2)
-
Skiddaw Slates (1)
-
Tetagouche Group (8)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Caradocian
-
Borrowdale Volcanic Group (2)
-
-
-
-
Permian
-
Lower Permian
-
Abo Formation (1)
-
Autunian (1)
-
Qixia Formation (2)
-
-
Park City Formation (1)
-
Rotliegendes (5)
-
Upper Permian
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (11)
-
Zechstein (11)
-
-
Wellington Formation (3)
-
Whitehill Formation (1)
-
-
Shawangunk Formation (1)
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian (9)
-
Upper Silurian (3)
-
-
Talladega Group (2)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Pictou Group (1)
-
Sicker Group (2)
-
Tunguska Series (1)
-
-
Waits River Formation (1)
-
-
Phanerozoic (13)
-
Precambrian
-
Animikie Group (5)
-
Archean
-
Amisk Group (2)
-
Aravalli System (1)
-
Blake River Group (16)
-
Blondeau Formation (1)
-
Gilman Formation (2)
-
J-M Reef (3)
-
Kromberg Formation (1)
-
Mesoarchean (7)
-
Neoarchean
-
Dharwar Supergroup (2)
-
Sargur Group (2)
-
-
Paleoarchean
-
Hooggenoeg Formation (1)
-
-
Peninsular Gneiss (1)
-
Timiskaming Group (1)
-
Warrawoona Group (1)
-
-
Biwabik Iron Formation (2)
-
Central Rand Group (1)
-
Cuddapah System (1)
-
Delhi Supergroup (6)
-
Great Smoky Group (1)
-
Hadean (1)
-
Kisseynew Complex (1)
-
Levack Gneiss (4)
-
Lewisian Complex (1)
-
Missi Group (1)
-
Nipissing Diabase (2)
-
Nonesuch Shale (7)
-
Onverwacht Group (1)
-
Osler Series (1)
-
Purcell System (3)
-
Stillwater Complex (7)
-
Transvaal Supergroup (4)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Baraga Group (1)
-
Damara System (5)
-
Huronian
-
Onaping Formation (8)
-
-
Isan Orogeny (3)
-
Keweenawan
-
Copper Harbor Conglomerate (6)
-
Portage Lake Lava Series (6)
-
-
Kunyang Group (1)
-
Lewisian (1)
-
Malmani Subgroup (4)
-
McNamara Group (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Apache Group (1)
-
Belt Supergroup (11)
-
Bonner Formation (1)
-
Freda Sandstone (1)
-
Gawler Range Volcanics (10)
-
Helena Formation (1)
-
Helikian (3)
-
Hiltaba Suite (5)
-
Laxfordian (1)
-
Missoula Group (1)
-
Newland Limestone (2)
-
Ravalli Group (2)
-
Revett Quartzite (5)
-
Shuangqiaoshan Group (1)
-
Soldiers Cap Group (1)
-
Spokane Formation (1)
-
Stenian (1)
-
Wallace Formation (1)
-
-
Negaunee Iron Formation (1)
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Brioverian (1)
-
Cryogenian (2)
-
Ediacaran (1)
-
Riphean
-
upper Riphean (2)
-
-
Torridonian (1)
-
Vendian (3)
-
-
Oronto Group (3)
-
Ortega Group (1)
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Aphebian (1)
-
Birimian (3)
-
Chelmsford Formation (2)
-
Corella Formation (2)
-
Dhanjori Group (2)
-
Rhyacian (1)
-
Rooiberg Group (1)
-
Rustenburg Layered Suite (2)
-
Svecofennian (1)
-
Urquhart Shale (10)
-
Virginia Formation (11)
-
Whitewater Group (2)
-
Willyama Supergroup (2)
-
-
Roan Supergroup (9)
-
Tapley Hill Formation (1)
-
Udokan Series (2)
-
-
-
Witwatersrand Supergroup (2)
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (9)
-
feldspathoid rocks (1)
-
granophyre (13)
-
hypabyssal rocks (7)
-
kimberlite (8)
-
peperite (1)
-
phoscorites (1)
-
picrite (14)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (12)
-
diabase
-
diabase porphyry (1)
-
tholeiitic dolerite (3)
-
-
diorites
-
diorite porphyry (3)
-
microdiorite (1)
-
plagiogranite (5)
-
quartz diorites (33)
-
tonalite (21)
-
trondhjemite (5)
-
-
essexite (1)
-
gabbros
-
labradoritite (1)
-
norite (32)
-
olivine gabbro (4)
-
troctolite (32)
-
-
granites
-
alkali granites (1)
-
aplite (2)
-
A-type granites (3)
-
biotite granite (3)
-
charnockite (2)
-
felsite (1)
-
granite porphyry (20)
-
granosyenite (1)
-
I-type granites (10)
-
leucogranite (8)
-
microgranite (1)
-
monzogranite (11)
-
S-type granites (6)
-
two-mica granite (2)
-
-
granodiorites
-
granodiorite porphyry (8)
-
-
lamproite (1)
-
lamprophyres
-
minette (1)
-
-
monzodiorite (12)
-
monzonites (29)
-
pegmatite (27)
-
quartz monzonite (36)
-
syenites
-
albitite (4)
-
alkali syenites (1)
-
granosyenite (1)
-
quartz syenite (2)
-
shonkinite (1)
-
syenite porphyry (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (5)
-
hornblendite (4)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (11)
-
harzburgite (9)
-
lherzolite (11)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
clinopyroxenite (2)
-
orthopyroxenite (3)
-
websterite (4)
-
-
-
-
porphyry
-
vitrophyre (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
adakites (10)
-
andesites
-
andesite porphyry (4)
-
boninite (2)
-
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
spilite (2)
-
trachybasalts (4)
-
-
flood basalts (11)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (30)
-
ocean-island basalts (4)
-
olivine basalt (1)
-
shoshonite (3)
-
tholeiite (5)
-
tholeiitic basalt (3)
-
trap rocks (1)
-
-
basanite (1)
-
dacites (37)
-
glasses (1)
-
keratophyre (1)
-
komatiite (46)
-
latite (2)
-
nephelinite (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (12)
-
hyaloclastite (2)
-
ignimbrite (8)
-
pumice (5)
-
rhyolite tuff (1)
-
tuff (27)
-
tuffite (2)
-
welded tuff (4)
-
-
quartz latite (5)
-
rhyodacites (4)
-
rhyolites
-
quartz porphyry (1)
-
-
trachyandesites (5)
-
trachytes (2)
-
vitrophyre (1)
-
-
-
ophiolite (21)
-
volcanic ash (1)
-
wehrlite (6)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (24)
-
cataclasites (1)
-
eclogite (1)
-
gneisses
-
granite gneiss (2)
-
orthogneiss (8)
-
paragneiss (6)
-
-
granulites
-
leptite (2)
-
-
hornfels (13)
-
impactites (1)
-
marbles (19)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasalt (8)
-
metabasite (3)
-
metadacite (3)
-
metagabbro (3)
-
metagranite (1)
-
metakomatiite (1)
-
metaperidotite (1)
-
metapyroxenite (2)
-
metarhyolite (2)
-
metatuff (1)
-
serpentinite (13)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (1)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
metaconglomerate (2)
-
metagraywacke (1)
-
metapelite (3)
-
metasandstone (4)
-
metasiltstone (1)
-
paragneiss (6)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
greisen
-
beresite (1)
-
-
propylite (1)
-
rodingite (1)
-
serpentinite (13)
-
skarn (182)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (56)
-
migmatites (4)
-
mylonites
-
pseudotachylite (2)
-
-
phyllites (3)
-
quartzites (8)
-
schists
-
biotite schist (2)
-
greenschist (4)
-
greenstone (20)
-
tourmalinite (2)
-
-
slates (4)
-
-
ophiolite (21)
-
turbidite (4)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites
-
stony meteorites
-
achondrites
-
diogenite (1)
-
-
chondrites (1)
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
alloys
-
electrum (6)
-
hedleyite (1)
-
niggliite (2)
-
-
antimonides (4)
-
arsenates
-
beudantite (1)
-
mimetite (1)
-
pharmacosiderite (2)
-
-
arsenides
-
arsenopyrite (10)
-
cobaltite (7)
-
gersdorffite (5)
-
lollingite (2)
-
maucherite (3)
-
nickeline (2)
-
rammelsbergite (2)
-
safflorite (1)
-
skutterudite (2)
-
sperrylite (14)
-
-
arsenites (1)
-
bismuthides
-
froodite (4)
-
michenerite (5)
-
-
carbonates
-
ankerite (3)
-
aragonite (1)
-
azurite (6)
-
bastnaesite (2)
-
calcite (23)
-
dolomite (10)
-
hydromagnesite (2)
-
malachite (12)
-
nesquehonite (1)
-
norsethite (1)
-
rhodochrosite (2)
-
siderite (8)
-
smithsonite (1)
-
synchysite (1)
-
-
copper minerals (27)
-
halides
-
bromides (1)
-
chlorides
-
atacamite (6)
-
halite (8)
-
mimetite (1)
-
paratacamite (3)
-
-
fluorides
-
bastnaesite (2)
-
fluorite (10)
-
synchysite (1)
-
topaz (1)
-
-
-
hydrates (1)
-
manganese minerals (2)
-
minerals (105)
-
molybdates
-
wulfenite (1)
-
-
native elements
-
diamond (2)
-
graphite (7)
-
-
oxalates (1)
-
oxides
-
akaganeite (1)
-
aluminum oxides (2)
-
asbolite (1)
-
baddeleyite (7)
-
brannerite (3)
-
brucite (2)
-
cassiterite (12)
-
chrome spinel (6)
-
chromite (10)
-
corundum (3)
-
cuprite (6)
-
ferrihydrite (1)
-
gahnite (6)
-
goethite (10)
-
hausmannite (1)
-
hematite (28)
-
hercynite (1)
-
hollandite (1)
-
hydroxides
-
iron hydroxides (2)
-
oxyhydroxides (1)
-
-
ilmenite (10)
-
iron oxides (104)
-
limonite (5)
-
lithiophorite (1)
-
maghemite (1)
-
magnetite (92)
-
manganese oxides (4)
-
manganite (1)
-
niobates
-
aeschynite (1)
-
columbite (3)
-
-
perovskite (2)
-
pitchblende (1)
-
rutile (10)
-
specularite (1)
-
spinel (12)
-
spinel group (1)
-
tantalates
-
tantalite (2)
-
-
titanium oxides (2)
-
titanomagnetite (1)
-
todorokite (1)
-
ulvospinel (1)
-
uraninite (10)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (67)
-
florencite (2)
-
fluorapatite (5)
-
hinsdalite (1)
-
hydroxylapatite (1)
-
monazite (18)
-
strengite (1)
-
torbernite (2)
-
turquoise (2)
-
vivianite (1)
-
xenotime (9)
-
-
platinum minerals (34)
-
selenides (7)
-
silicates
-
borosilicates (1)
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
actinolite (8)
-
cummingtonite (2)
-
grunerite (1)
-
hastingsite (1)
-
hornblende (32)
-
kaersutite (1)
-
nephrite (1)
-
tschermakite (1)
-
-
orthoamphibole
-
anthophyllite (4)
-
gedrite (2)
-
-
-
prehnite (1)
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
aegirine (2)
-
aegirine-augite (1)
-
augite (1)
-
chrome diopside (1)
-
clinoenstatite (1)
-
diopside (3)
-
hedenbergite (1)
-
-
orthopyroxene
-
hypersthene (1)
-
-
-
tobermorite (1)
-
wollastonite group
-
wollastonite (2)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
adularia (6)
-
amazonite (1)
-
cryptoperthite (1)
-
K-feldspar (7)
-
microcline (1)
-
orthoclase (1)
-
perthite (1)
-
sanidine (4)
-
-
barium feldspar (1)
-
plagioclase
-
albite (10)
-
bytownite (1)
-
labradorite (1)
-
-
-
leucite (1)
-
pseudoleucite (1)
-
scapolite group
-
scapolite (3)
-
-
silica minerals
-
amethyst (1)
-
chalcedony (1)
-
jasper (1)
-
opal
-
opal-A (1)
-
-
quartz (79)
-
-
zeolite group
-
analcime (1)
-
chabazite (1)
-
natrolite (1)
-
-
-
garnierite (1)
-
iron silicates (1)
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
andalusite (1)
-
braunite (1)
-
garnet group
-
andradite (3)
-
grossular (1)
-
hydrogarnet (1)
-
-
olivine group
-
forsterite (3)
-
monticellite (1)
-
olivine (25)
-
-
titanite group
-
titanite (21)
-
-
topaz (1)
-
zircon group
-
coffinite (2)
-
thorite (1)
-
zircon (171)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
axinite group (1)
-
chevkinite group
-
chevkinite (2)
-
-
epidote group
-
allanite (7)
-
clinozoisite (2)
-
epidote (25)
-
-
pumpellyite group
-
pumpellyite (2)
-
-
vesuvianite (4)
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
beryl (1)
-
cordierite (6)
-
emerald (2)
-
tourmaline group
-
dravite (5)
-
elbaite (1)
-
foitite (1)
-
schorl (6)
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chamosite (1)
-
chlorite (38)
-
clinochlore (2)
-
-
clay minerals
-
chrysocolla (7)
-
dickite (2)
-
halloysite (3)
-
kaolinite (12)
-
nacrite (1)
-
smectite (14)
-
vermiculite (3)
-
-
clintonite (1)
-
corrensite (1)
-
hydrobiotite (1)
-
illite (21)
-
mica group
-
annite (1)
-
biotite (83)
-
muscovite (23)
-
phengite (2)
-
phlogopite (2)
-
-
pyrophyllite (5)
-
rectorite (2)
-
sericite (25)
-
serpentine group
-
chrysotile (2)
-
serpentine (1)
-
-
talc (4)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
alunite (32)
-
anhydrite (20)
-
barite (18)
-
beudantite (1)
-
brochantite (3)
-
chalcanthite (4)
-
copiapite (1)
-
glauberite (1)
-
gypsum (4)
-
halotrichite (1)
-
hexahydrite (1)
-
hinsdalite (1)
-
jarosite (4)
-
langbeinite (1)
-
melanterite (2)
-
pickeringite (1)
-
rozenite (2)
-
svanbergite (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
acanthite (5)
-
aikinite (1)
-
arsenopyrite (10)
-
betekhtinite (1)
-
bismuthinite (3)
-
bohdanowiczite (1)
-
bornite (47)
-
carrollite (4)
-
chalcocite (27)
-
chalcopyrite (157)
-
cobaltite (7)
-
copper sulfides (48)
-
covellite (10)
-
cubanite (9)
-
digenite (5)
-
djurleite (1)
-
galena (37)
-
gersdorffite (5)
-
greenockite (1)
-
greigite (1)
-
idaite (1)
-
iron sulfides (15)
-
joseite (2)
-
linnaeite (4)
-
mackinawite (2)
-
marcasite (5)
-
mawsonite (3)
-
metacinnabar (1)
-
millerite (3)
-
molybdenite (81)
-
nickel sulfides (13)
-
pentlandite (41)
-
polydymite (1)
-
pyrite (124)
-
pyrrhotite (63)
-
roquesite (3)
-
siegenite (3)
-
sinnerite (1)
-
sphalerite (55)
-
stannoidite (4)
-
stibnite (1)
-
talnakhite (2)
-
tetradymite (2)
-
troilite (3)
-
valleriite (1)
-
violarite (5)
-
wurtzite (1)
-
zinc sulfides (3)
-
-
sulfosalts
-
sulfantimonates
-
famatinite (3)
-
-
sulfantimonites
-
bournonite (2)
-
chalcostibite (2)
-
freibergite (4)
-
jamesonite (1)
-
kobellite (2)
-
luzonite (5)
-
polybasite (3)
-
pyrargyrite (1)
-
stephanite (2)
-
tetrahedrite (15)
-
-
sulfarsenates
-
enargite (18)
-
-
sulfarsenites
-
jordanite (1)
-
luzonite (5)
-
pearceite (2)
-
proustite (1)
-
tennantite (20)
-
-
sulfobismuthites
-
cosalite (2)
-
gustavite (1)
-
lillianite (2)
-
matildite (4)
-
wittichenite (2)
-
-
sulfogermanates
-
renierite (1)
-
-
sulfostannates
-
stannite (2)
-
-
-
tellurides
-
altaite (1)
-
hedleyite (1)
-
hessite (3)
-
joseite (2)
-
tetradymite (2)
-
-
tellurites (1)
-
tungstates
-
ferberite (2)
-
scheelite (10)
-
wolframite (10)
-
-
uranium minerals (6)
-
vanadates (1)
-
wehrlite (6)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (460)
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Angola (8)
-
Burundi (1)
-
Congo (2)
-
Congo Democratic Republic
-
Kundelungu Plateau (2)
-
Shaba Congo Democratic Republic (11)
-
-
Gabon (1)
-
-
Congo Basin (1)
-
Congo Craton (1)
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Ocean Drilling Program
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Leg 148
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Macumber Formation (4)
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Honaker Trail Formation (1)
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Permian
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United States
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1-20 OF 3317 RESULTS FOR
copper ores
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Journal Article
A review of hydrogeochemical techniques for mineral exploration: history, present and future Open Access
J. A. Kidder, N. Reid, R. R. P. Noble, M. I. Leybourne, J. Buskard, R. J. Bowell, A. Stoltze, R. G. Garrett
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Published: 11 July 2025
Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis (2025) 25 (2): geochem2024-065.
Journal Article
Porphyry Cu-Mo mineralization at Anabama Hill, Delamerian Orogen, South Australia: Fertility assessment implied from epidote and chlorite chemistry Available to Purchase
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 June 2025
American Mineralogist (2025) 110 (6): 966–983.
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Formation of giant copper deposits driven by rapid uplift and sudden depressurization Available to Purchase
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 June 2025
American Mineralogist (2025) 110 (6): 919–932.
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Geochemical anomalies of Cu–Mo in the southeastern part of Jiroft, Kerman Province, Iran: evidence for a new porphyry copper district in the southern sector of the Urumieh–Dokhtar Magmatic Belt Available to Purchase
Alireza Zarasvandi, Mohsen Rezaei, Nader Taghipour, Afsaneh Soltani, Mohammad Amin Jafari, Adel Saki, Mansour Adelpour, Morteza Sajjadiyan, Ghazal Zarasvandi
Journal: Journal of the Geological Society
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Published: 12 May 2025
Journal of the Geological Society (2025) 182 (4): jgs2024-138.
Journal Article
EVOLUTION OF COMPOSITION OF TETRAHEDRITE AND ENARGITE SULFOSALTS IN THE MALETOYVAYAM EPITHERMAL Au-Ag DEPOSIT ( Kamchatka ) Available to Purchase
Journal: Russian Geology and Geophysics
Publisher: Novosibirsk State University
Published: 01 May 2025
Russ. Geol. Geophys. (2025) 66 (5): 613–629.
Journal Article
Episodic magmatism contributes to sub-seafloor copper mineralization: Insights from textures and geochemistry of zoned pyrite in the Ashele VMS deposit Available to Purchase
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 May 2025
American Mineralogist (2025) 110 (5): 767–775.
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Timing of vein-hosted copper mineralization and its structural setting in the Upper Paleozoic sedimentary rocks of SW Ireland Available to Purchase
Journal: Journal of the Geological Society
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Published: 16 April 2025
Journal of the Geological Society (2025) 182 (3): jgs2024-180.
Journal Article
Unusual sulfide-rich magmatic apatite crystals from >2.7 Ga Abitibi Greenstone Belt, Canada Available to Purchase
Xuyang Meng, David R. Mole, Adam C. Simon, Jingwen Mao, Daniel J. Kontak, Pedro J. Jugo, Jackie M. Kleinsasser
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 April 2025
American Mineralogist (2025) 110 (4): 622–629.
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Macro- to nanoscale investigation unlocks gold and silver enrichment by lead-bismuth metallic melts in the Switchback epithermal deposit, southern Mexico Available to Purchase
Néstor Cano, José María González-Jiménez, Antoni Camprubí, Joaquín A. Proenza, Eduardo González-Partida
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 April 2025
American Mineralogist (2025) 110 (4): 582–593.
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Primary enrichment and epigenetic magmatic-hydrothermal reactivation caused a new type of stratiform Cu-Co deposits in the Jianglang Dome, Eastern Tibetan Plateau Available to Purchase
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 10 March 2025
GSA Bulletin (2025) 137 (7-8): 3527–3548.
Journal Article
Magma oxygen fugacity and volatile components control the Miocene high-Sr/Y granitoids forming either Cu or W mineralization in the Gangdese metallogenic region, Xizang, China Available to Purchase
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 March 2025
American Mineralogist (2025) 110 (3): 394–407.
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Quartz textures, trace elements, fluid inclusions, and in situ oxygen isotopes from Aktogai porphyry Cu deposit, Kazakhstan Available to Purchase
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 February 2025
American Mineralogist (2025) 110 (2): 272–292.
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Zhonghongite, Cu 29 (As,Sb) 12 S 33 , a new mineral from the high-sulfidation vein of Jiama porphyry system, Tibet, China Available to Purchase
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 February 2025
American Mineralogist (2025) 110 (2): 312–318.
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Amphibole fractionation controls the redox state of magmas in porphyry Cu ore systems: Constraints from amphibole-rich rocks in eastern China Available to Purchase
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 22 January 2025
GSA Bulletin (2025) 137 (5-6): 2703–2718.
Journal Article
Nanoscale characterization of chrysocolla, black chrysocolla and pseudomalachite from supergene copper deposits of Atacama Desert of northern Chile Available to Purchase
Zia Steven Kahou, Anne-Magali Seydoux-Guillaume, Pierre-Marie Zanetta, Stéphanie Duchêne, Stéphanie Brichau, Eduardo Campos
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 30 December 2024
American Mineralogist (2024)
Early Publication
Journal Article
Fluid evolution and connections between porphyry-type and skarn-type ore in an intracontinental porphyry-skarn Cu-Au system: Evidence from apatite textures, composition, and oxygen isotopes at Dongguashan Cu-Au(-Mo) deposit, eastern China Available to Purchase
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 19 December 2024
GSA Bulletin (2025) 137 (5-6): 2335–2357.
Journal Article
Spatial and temporal reconstruction of postcollisional potassic rocks: Implications for mantle flow beneath the SE Tibetan Plateau Available to Purchase
Zhuang Miao, Zhidan Zhao, Bo Xu, Simon A. Wilde, Peter A. Cawood, Zengqian Hou, Guanyu Kou, Di-Cheng Zhu, Xuanxue Mo
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 18 December 2024
GSA Bulletin (2025) 137 (5-6): 2303–2314.
Journal Article
Is short-offset frequency-domain controlled-source electromagnetic survey using an equatorial configuration a good choice on land? Available to Purchase
Journal: Geophysics
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Published: 03 December 2024
Geophysics (2025) 90 (1): E1–E12.
Journal Article
Himalayan Leucogranites: Rare-metal Resources Available to Purchase
Journal: Elements
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 December 2024
Elements (2024) 20 (6): 401–408.
Journal Article
SHRIMP U-Pb Geochronology of the Sakatti and Kaarrekumpu Cu-Ni-Platinum Group Element Deposits—Constraints on the Timing of Fertile Magmatism in the Central Lapland Greenstone Belt Open Access
Henri M.A. Höytiä, Hielke A. Jelsma, Richard A. Armstrong, Peter Dodds, Janne Siikaluoma, Pertti Lamberg
Journal: Economic Geology
Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists
Published: 01 December 2024
Economic Geology (2024) 119 (8): 1769–1790.
Includes: Supplemental Content
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